Question 1

Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments uses tradeable allowances to control sulfur dioxide emissions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Standards set to control air toxics in the United States

Accepted Answer

A)  are known as the NAAQS 
B)  are the same as those set for greenhouse gases 
C)  are intended to attain the maximum reduction for each toxic achievable, known as MACT 
D)  are solely benefit-based 
A)  are known as the NAAQS 
B)  are the same as those set for greenhouse gases 
C)  are intended to attain the maximum reduction for each toxic achievable, known as MACT 
D)  are solely benefit-based

Question 3

Based on the EPA's first and second prospective studies of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, the associated net benefits of this legislation are greater than zero.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

According to the textbook application, the automobile industry and the state of California worked together to solve the state's urban smog problem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Recently proposed revisions to the NESHAP

Accepted Answer

A)  have been enacted without debate 
B)  include one aimed at coal-fired and oil-fired power plants 
C)  will weaken national controls on toxics 
D)  none of the above 
A)  have been enacted without debate 
B)  include one aimed at coal-fired and oil-fired power plants 
C)  will weaken national controls on toxics 
D)  none of the above

Question 6

The first federal air pollution legislation was the Clean Air Act of 1963.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

An important observation about the NAAQS is that

Accepted Answer

A)  they are set at the regional level to recognize different demographics and traffic patterns 
B)  all regions must meet the same standard, making efficiency achievement highly unlikely 
C)  they are uniform across all regions including PSD areas 
D)  they have been amended to include GHG air pollutants 
A)  they are set at the regional level to recognize different demographics and traffic patterns 
B)  all regions must meet the same standard, making efficiency achievement highly unlikely 
C)  they are uniform across all regions including PSD areas 
D)  they have been amended to include GHG air pollutants

Question 8

Based on the textbook application, in the United Kingdom,

Accepted Answer

A)  there are no official air quality standards 
B)  limit values are defined for some of the same pollutants covered by the U.S. NAAQS 
C)  standards for pollutant levels are set to be equivalent to those in the United States 
D)  none of the above 
A)  there are no official air quality standards 
B)  limit values are defined for some of the same pollutants covered by the U.S. NAAQS 
C)  standards for pollutant levels are set to be equivalent to those in the United States 
D)  none of the above

Question 9

According to the textbook application, California's urban smog problem

Accepted Answer

A)  diminished because of the responsiveness of U.S. automobile manufacturers 
B)  was never addressed by state legislation 
C)  was linked through scientific study to auto emissions in the 1950s 
D)  all of the above 
A)  diminished because of the responsiveness of U.S. automobile manufacturers 
B)  was never addressed by state legislation 
C)  was linked through scientific study to auto emissions in the 1950s 
D)  all of the above

Question 10

The secondary NAAQS

Accepted Answer

A)  are air quality emissions standards intended to protect public welfare 
B)  are technology-based standards 
C)  are established to protect public health 
D)  control both criteria and hazardous pollutants 
A)  are air quality emissions standards intended to protect public welfare 
B)  are technology-based standards 
C)  are established to protect public health 
D)  control both criteria and hazardous pollutants

Question 11

The Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR), which was part of the 2004 Clean Air Rules, was considered to be the most important environmental initiative enacted by the Bush Administration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Air Quality Control Regions (AQCRs) are those geographic areas in the United States identified as having met all air quality standards.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

If an area or region meets or exceeds the NAAQS, it is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  air quality control region (AQCR) 
B)  prevention of significant deterioration area 
C)  nonattainment region 
D)  none of the above 
A)  air quality control region (AQCR) 
B)  prevention of significant deterioration area 
C)  nonattainment region 
D)  none of the above

Question 14

In the United States, the set of standards for criteria pollutants are called the NESHAP.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The more stringent standards in PSD areas do not necessarily result in an efficient level of abatement in those regions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

In Portney's analysis of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA), his estimates suggest that

Accepted Answer

A)  more resources should be allocated to air quality control 
B)  the associated MSB exceed the MSC 
C)  society would be better off with less regulation of air quality 
D)  the TSC outweigh the TSB 
A)  more resources should be allocated to air quality control 
B)  the associated MSB exceed the MSC 
C)  society would be better off with less regulation of air quality 
D)  the TSC outweigh the TSB

Question 17

Because the NAAQS are nationally-based and uniform, they necessarily achieve an efficient result at the regional level.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Geographic areas in which pollution is greater than what is allowed by national ambient air quality standards are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  mobile source areas 
B)  prevention of significant deterioration (PS
D)  areas 
C)  nonattainment areas 
D)  air quality control regions (AQCRs) 
A)  mobile source areas 
B)  prevention of significant deterioration (PS
D)  areas 
C)  nonattainment areas 
D)  air quality control regions (AQCRs)

Question 19

Stationary sources are those arising at a fixed site, such as power plants or factories.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

An implication of Paul Portney's benefit-cost analysis of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments is that the United States is under-regulating air pollution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 10: Defining Air Quality: the Standard-Setting Process

Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments uses tradeable allowances to control sulfur dioxide emissions.

Standards set to control air toxics in the United States

Based on the EPA's first and second prospective studies of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, the associated net benefits of this legislation are greater than zero.

According to the textbook application, the automobile industry and the state of California worked together to solve the state's urban smog problem.

Recently proposed revisions to the NESHAP

The first federal air pollution legislation was the Clean Air Act of 1963.

An important observation about the NAAQS is that

Based on the textbook application, in the United Kingdom,

According to the textbook application, California's urban smog problem

The secondary NAAQS

The Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR), which was part of the 2004 Clean Air Rules, was considered to be the most important environmental initiative enacted by the Bush Administration.

Air Quality Control Regions (AQCRs) are those geographic areas in the United States identified as having met all air quality standards.

If an area or region meets or exceeds the NAAQS, it is called a(n)

In the United States, the set of standards for criteria pollutants are called the NESHAP.

The more stringent standards in PSD areas do not necessarily result in an efficient level of abatement in those regions.

In Portney's analysis of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA), his estimates suggest that

Because the NAAQS are nationally-based and uniform, they necessarily achieve an efficient result at the regional level.

Geographic areas in which pollution is greater than what is allowed by national ambient air quality standards are referred to as

Stationary sources are those arising at a fixed site, such as power plants or factories.

An implication of Paul Portney's benefit-cost analysis of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments is that the United States is under-regulating air pollution.

The Role of Economics in Environmental Management

Modeling the Market Process: a Review of the Basics

Modeling Market Failure

Conventional Solutions to Environmental Problems: Command-And-Control Approach

Economic Solutions to Environmental Problems: the Market Approach

Environmental Risk Analysis

Assessing Benefits for Environmental Decision Making

Assessing Costs for Environmental Decision Making

Benefit-Cost Analysis in Environmental Decision Making

Improving Air Quality: Controlling Mobile Sources

Improving Air Quality: Controlling Stationary Sources

Global Air Quality: Policies for Ozone Depletion and Climate Change

Defining Water Quality: the Standard-Setting Process

Improving Water Quality: Controlling Point and Nonpoint Sources

Protecting Safe Drinking Water

Managing Hazardous Solid Waste and Waste Sites

Managing Municipal Solid Waste

Controlling Pesticides and Toxic Chemicals

Sustainable Development: International Environmental Agreements and International Trade

Sustainable Approaches: Industrial Ecology and Pollution Prevention

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