Question 1

There are two different classes of explanation in biology.They are:

Accepted Answer

A)  Ultimate 
B)  Predictive 
C)  Proximate 
D)  Successive 
A)  Ultimate 
B)  Predictive 
C)  Proximate 
D)  Successive A,C

Question 2

At the level of the ______,ecology deals primarily with how individuals are affected by their environment and the physiological and behavioral responses to the environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  Population 
B)  Community 
C)  Organism 
D)  Ecosystem 
A)  Population 
B)  Community 
C)  Organism 
D)  Ecosystem C

Question 3

An ultimate explanation explains:

Accepted Answer

A)  What has happened to a species through evolutionary time 
B)  What is predicted to happen to a species 
C)  What is happening here and now to a species 
D)  None of the above 
A)  What has happened to a species through evolutionary time 
B)  What is predicted to happen to a species 
C)  What is happening here and now to a species 
D)  None of the above A

Question 4

One researcher studies plant cells and how these cells and plants respond to increased concentrations of carbon dioxide.Another researcher studies how multiple species interact and what affects their abundances and distributions.A different researcher studies a species' DNA and what changes have occurred between populations as a result of evolution.What do these researchers all have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  They all study community ecology since each researcher is interested in what happens within communities 
B)  They are all interested predator-prey interactions 
C)  They all study one of the many levels of biology with some application to ecology 
D)  They all study organismal biology since each researcher only studies the response of single-celled organisms 
A)  They all study community ecology since each researcher is interested in what happens within communities 
B)  They are all interested predator-prey interactions 
C)  They all study one of the many levels of biology with some application to ecology 
D)  They all study organismal biology since each researcher only studies the response of single-celled organisms

Question 5

The biological control of pests,conservation of rare and threatened plants,and wildlife management are all examples of ______ .

Accepted Answer

A)  Pure ecology 
B)  Applied ecology 
C)  Pure and applied ecology 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Pure ecology 
B)  Applied ecology 
C)  Pure and applied ecology 
D)  None of the above

Question 6

An experiment you have been conducting uses a large pond to observe how the input from fertilizer runoff affects the native pond community.You find that many amphibians are not able to survive in this pond when the nitrogen levels are high.What could you do next to best test if nitrogen concentrations affect amphibians?

Accepted Answer

A)  Do a field experiment to exclude amphibians from the pond and see if they survive elsewhere 
B)  Experimentally raise frogs in a controlled laboratory experiment where some are exposed to water from the pond at certain periods of time and others only raised in filtered water for the duration of the experiment. 
C)  Find other ponds and input runoff to see if amphibians there cannot survive too 
D)  Increase the runoff input at your pond and see if amphibian survivorship decreases 
A)  Do a field experiment to exclude amphibians from the pond and see if they survive elsewhere 
B)  Experimentally raise frogs in a controlled laboratory experiment where some are exposed to water from the pond at certain periods of time and others only raised in filtered water for the duration of the experiment. 
C)  Find other ponds and input runoff to see if amphibians there cannot survive too 
D)  Increase the runoff input at your pond and see if amphibian survivorship decreases

Question 7

Who defined ecology as "the comprehensive science of the relationship of the organism to the environment?"

Accepted Answer

A)  Ernst Haeckel 
B)  Charles Darwin 
C)  E.P. Odum 
D)  G.E. Likens 
A)  Ernst Haeckel 
B)  Charles Darwin 
C)  E.P. Odum 
D)  G.E. Likens

Question 8

______ are functioning groups of individual organisms of the same species in a defined location.

Accepted Answer

A)  Populations 
B)  Communities 
C)  Ecosystems 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Populations 
B)  Communities 
C)  Ecosystems 
D)  None of the above

Question 9

A researcher is studying how individual single-celled organisms of the same species are affected by water temperature.This is an example of studying ecology at what level?

Accepted Answer

A)  Organismal 
B)  Population 
C)  Ecosystem 
D)  Community 
A)  Organismal 
B)  Population 
C)  Ecosystem 
D)  Community

Question 10

To conduct a statistical test,you first need a ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  P-value 
B)  A probability 
C)  A model 
D)  Null hypothesis 
A)  P-value 
B)  A probability 
C)  A model 
D)  Null hypothesis

Question 11

A proximate explanation explains:

Accepted Answer

A)  What has happened to a species through evolutionary time 
B)  What is predicted to happen to a species 
C)  What is happening here and now to a species 
D)  None of the above 
A)  What has happened to a species through evolutionary time 
B)  What is predicted to happen to a species 
C)  What is happening here and now to a species 
D)  None of the above

Question 12

You are interested in finding out why crayfish can eat many toxic or noxious amphibian species.You find through a research project of the primary literature that the species of crayfish you are interested in studying has evolved from a lineage of ancestors that appear to have had resistance.This is a i)proximate explanation or ii)ultimate explanation?

Accepted Answer

A)  i 
B)  ii 
C)  i and ii 
D)  None of the above 
A)  i 
B)  ii 
C)  i and ii 
D)  None of the above

Question 13

You conduct a study and do a statistical analysis on your data.You set your confidence level at 95%.If you ran your statistical test and the p-value was equal to 0.035,you would conclude what?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is no association and your results are not significant. 
B)  You could conclude that there is an association, but your results are not significant. 
C)  Your results are significant and that 95% of studies just like yours should generate similar results 
D)  None of the above 
A)  There is no association and your results are not significant. 
B)  You could conclude that there is an association, but your results are not significant. 
C)  Your results are significant and that 95% of studies just like yours should generate similar results 
D)  None of the above

Question 14

A student wants to prove that their research is significant using statistics.What's wrong with this approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  There's nothing wrong with this approach; statistics can be used to prove anything 
B)  The approach is wrong because statistics can only prove things once in a while, not all the time 
C)  The student is confused and shouldn't be using statistics; they should be using a model 
D)  The approach is wrong because statistics cannot be used to prove something; it is used to disprove a null hypothesis. 
A)  There's nothing wrong with this approach; statistics can be used to prove anything 
B)  The approach is wrong because statistics can only prove things once in a while, not all the time 
C)  The student is confused and shouldn't be using statistics; they should be using a model 
D)  The approach is wrong because statistics cannot be used to prove something; it is used to disprove a null hypothesis.

Question 15

Ecologists may use which of these approaches to answer research questions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mathematical models 
B)  Controlled laboratory experiments 
C)  Manipulative field experiments 
D)  Observational data 
A)  Mathematical models 
B)  Controlled laboratory experiments 
C)  Manipulative field experiments 
D)  Observational data

Question 16

It is important to remember when collecting data to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Estimate accurately and without bias 
B)  Be as precise as possible 
C)  Fabricate data if necessary 
D)  Effectively use the time, money and human effort that has been invested 
A)  Estimate accurately and without bias 
B)  Be as precise as possible 
C)  Fabricate data if necessary 
D)  Effectively use the time, money and human effort that has been invested

Question 17

When one evaluates case studies in ecology,it is important to keep in mind:

Accepted Answer

A)  Phenomenon occur at a variety of scales 
B)  Data and evidence can come from a variety of sources 
C)  Scientific evidence is necessary and statistics should be relied upon 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Phenomenon occur at a variety of scales 
B)  Data and evidence can come from a variety of sources 
C)  Scientific evidence is necessary and statistics should be relied upon 
D)  None of the above

Question 18

Ecological phenomena can occur at a range of

Accepted Answer

A)  Biological scales. 
B)  Spatial scales. 
C)  Temporal scales 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Biological scales. 
B)  Spatial scales. 
C)  Temporal scales 
D)  All of the above

Question 19

Generally,most studies will evaluate a hypothesis based on whether the p-value is:

Accepted Answer

A) p=0.01 B) p>0.05 C) p>0.5 D) p<0.05 A) p=0.01 B) p>0.05 C) p>0.5 D) p<0.05

Question 20

Introduced brown trout (Salmo trutta)in New Zealand negatively affected lake systems by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Disturbing mayfly behavior, which resulted in fewer invertebrates feeding on algae 
B)  Introduced brown trout did not affect lake systems; rainbow trout that they coexisted with caused the negative effect 
C)  Brown trout were never introduced to New Zealand 
D)  Macroinvertebrates feeding on algae over grazed, and as a result lakes became eutrophic and brown trout died 
A)  Disturbing mayfly behavior, which resulted in fewer invertebrates feeding on algae 
B)  Introduced brown trout did not affect lake systems; rainbow trout that they coexisted with caused the negative effect 
C)  Brown trout were never introduced to New Zealand 
D)  Macroinvertebrates feeding on algae over grazed, and as a result lakes became eutrophic and brown trout died

There are two different classes of explanation in biology.They are:

At the level of the ______,ecology deals primarily with how individuals are affected by their environment and the physiological and behavioral responses to the environment.

An ultimate explanation explains:

The biological control of pests,conservation of rare and threatened plants,and wildlife management are all examples of ______ .

Who defined ecology as "the comprehensive science of the relationship of the organism to the environment?"

______ are functioning groups of individual organisms of the same species in a defined location.

A researcher is studying how individual single-celled organisms of the same species are affected by water temperature.This is an example of studying ecology at what level?

To conduct a statistical test,you first need a ______.

A proximate explanation explains:

You conduct a study and do a statistical analysis on your data.You set your confidence level at 95%.If you ran your statistical test and the p-value was equal to 0.035,you would conclude what?

A student wants to prove that their research is significant using statistics.What's wrong with this approach?

Ecologists may use which of these approaches to answer research questions?

It is important to remember when collecting data to:

When one evaluates case studies in ecology,it is important to keep in mind:

Ecological phenomena can occur at a range of

Generally,most studies will evaluate a hypothesis based on whether the p-value is:

Introduced brown trout (Salmo trutta)in New Zealand negatively affected lake systems by:

Ecology’s Evolutionary Backdrop

Physical Conditions and the Availability of Resources

Climate and the World’s Biomes

Birth, Death and Movement

Interspecific Competition

Predation, Grazing and Disease

Molecular and Evolutionary Ecology

From Populations to Communities

Patterns in Species Richness

The Flux of Energy and Matter Through Ecosystems

Global Biogeochemical Cycles and Their Alteration by Humans

Conservation Ecology

The Ecology of Human Population Growth, Disease, and Food Supply

Filters

Exam 1: Ecology and How to Do It

There are two different classes of explanation in biology.They are:

At the level of the ______,ecology deals primarily with how individuals are affected by their environment and the physiological and behavioral responses to the environment.

An ultimate explanation explains:

The biological control of pests,conservation of rare and threatened plants,and wildlife management are all examples of ______ .

Who defined ecology as "the comprehensive science of the relationship of the organism to the environment?"

______ are functioning groups of individual organisms of the same species in a defined location.

A researcher is studying how individual single-celled organisms of the same species are affected by water temperature.This is an example of studying ecology at what level?

To conduct a statistical test,you first need a ______.

A proximate explanation explains:

You conduct a study and do a statistical analysis on your data.You set your confidence level at 95%.If you ran your statistical test and the p-value was equal to 0.035,you would conclude what?

A student wants to prove that their research is significant using statistics.What's wrong with this approach?

Ecologists may use which of these approaches to answer research questions?

It is important to remember when collecting data to:

When one evaluates case studies in ecology,it is important to keep in mind:

Ecological phenomena can occur at a range of

Generally,most studies will evaluate a hypothesis based on whether the p-value is:

Introduced brown trout (Salmo trutta)in New Zealand negatively affected lake systems by:

Ecology’s Evolutionary Backdrop

Physical Conditions and the Availability of Resources

Climate and the World’s Biomes

Birth, Death and Movement

Interspecific Competition

Predation, Grazing and Disease

Molecular and Evolutionary Ecology

From Populations to Communities

Patterns in Species Richness

The Flux of Energy and Matter Through Ecosystems

Global Biogeochemical Cycles and Their Alteration by Humans

Conservation Ecology

The Ecology of Human Population Growth, Disease, and Food Supply

Filters