Question 1

Which type of organism attacks their prey,kills it,and then consumes it?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parasitoid 
B)  True Predator 
C)  Parasite 
D)  Grazer 
A)  Parasitoid 
B)  True Predator 
C)  Parasite 
D)  Grazer B

Question 2

You plan an experiment to clip a third of a plant's biomass to test how a plant species responds to herbivory.This plant is normally grazed on between April to June.You plan to run the experiment through September using a greenhouse.Given your understanding of plant compensation,which prediction regarding fruit production may occur during your experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  The plant will compensate none the less, and produce just as much fruit because its fitness will otherwise be affected. 
B)  The plant will die because it will not be able to grow back the clipped biomass. 
C)  The plant will not compensate and fruit production will decrease because it would likely only compensate during the time of year it is used to experiencing herbivory 
D)  The plant will produce new shoots to compensate for the clipping 
A)  The plant will compensate none the less, and produce just as much fruit because its fitness will otherwise be affected. 
B)  The plant will die because it will not be able to grow back the clipped biomass. 
C)  The plant will not compensate and fruit production will decrease because it would likely only compensate during the time of year it is used to experiencing herbivory 
D)  The plant will produce new shoots to compensate for the clipping C

Question 3

In Figure 7.2a,which of the following statements is an accurate assessment of what happened with nestlings by the time the experiment ended?

Accepted Answer

A)  Individuals in both treatments reached similar sizes and the number of fledglings was the same regardless of parasitism 
B)  Individuals from both treatments had about the same mass regardless of parasitism 
C)  Nestlings in unlined nests had more variation in their mass than did nestlings in lined nests 
D)  Body mass of nestlings between treatments was not significantly different. 
A)  Individuals in both treatments reached similar sizes and the number of fledglings was the same regardless of parasitism 
B)  Individuals from both treatments had about the same mass regardless of parasitism 
C)  Nestlings in unlined nests had more variation in their mass than did nestlings in lined nests 
D)  Body mass of nestlings between treatments was not significantly different. C

Question 4

Some ants are known to lock their mouthparts onto the very top of grass blades when they are infected by a certain parasite.This might be an example of_________

Accepted Answer

A)  Altered host behavior to enhance parasite transmission 
B)  Altered host behavior to enhance foraging 
C)  A behavior unrelated to the parasite 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Altered host behavior to enhance parasite transmission 
B)  Altered host behavior to enhance foraging 
C)  A behavior unrelated to the parasite 
D)  None of the above

Question 5

What type of organism relies on a host,but it does not usually kill it?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parasitoid 
B)  Parasite 
C)  Predator 
D)  Prey 
A)  Parasitoid 
B)  Parasite 
C)  Predator 
D)  Prey

Question 6

A spider that spins a web to capture prey would be considered which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  A foraging predator 
B)  A sit-and-wait predator 
C)  A grazer 
D)  A parasitoid 
A)  A foraging predator 
B)  A sit-and-wait predator 
C)  A grazer 
D)  A parasitoid

Question 7

Predation can be thought of as:

Accepted Answer

A)  An extreme form of parasitism 
B)  A community disturbance 
C)  A process that occurs in the absence of competition 
D)  A process that can promote species coexistence 
A)  An extreme form of parasitism 
B)  A community disturbance 
C)  A process that occurs in the absence of competition 
D)  A process that can promote species coexistence

Question 8

Hummingbirds actively and aggressively defend rich sources of nectar.This food source is not limited,yet the consumption rate per individual is reduced.This might be due to__________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Lotka-Volterra predator-prey relationships 
B)  Mutual interference and hummingbirds spending more time defending sources of nectar 
C)  Crowding, which tends to dampen intraspecific competition 
D)  Mutual interference and hummingbirds spending more time searching for sources of nectar 
A)  Lotka-Volterra predator-prey relationships 
B)  Mutual interference and hummingbirds spending more time defending sources of nectar 
C)  Crowding, which tends to dampen intraspecific competition 
D)  Mutual interference and hummingbirds spending more time searching for sources of nectar

Question 9

In Figure 7.7a,simulated herbivory caused Ascophyllum nodosum to produce amounts of phlorotannins similar to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  The control treatment 
B)  The grazed treatment 
C)  The control and grazed treatment 
D)  Amounts of phlorotannins significantly differed between simulated herbivory treatments and the control 
A)  The control treatment 
B)  The grazed treatment 
C)  The control and grazed treatment 
D)  Amounts of phlorotannins significantly differed between simulated herbivory treatments and the control

Question 10

The Lotka-Volterra predator-prey models demonstrate ______________?

Accepted Answer

A)  Why prey will typically go extinct in most situations 
B)  Why predator numbers often lag behind prey numbers 
C)  Why prey numbers often lag behind predator numbers 
D)  That predator and prey populations are unrelated 
A)  Why prey will typically go extinct in most situations 
B)  Why predator numbers often lag behind prey numbers 
C)  Why prey numbers often lag behind predator numbers 
D)  That predator and prey populations are unrelated

Question 11

Plants can produce chemical defenses against herbivores:

Accepted Answer

A)  In response to herbivory 
B)  To deter many different species of herbivores 
C)  Often at an energetic cost 
D)  Not necessarily in response to mechanical damage 
A)  In response to herbivory 
B)  To deter many different species of herbivores 
C)  Often at an energetic cost 
D)  Not necessarily in response to mechanical damage

Question 12

The term aPN in the Lotka-Volterra predator prey models denotes _______

Accepted Answer

A)  The consumption rate of prey 
B)  The overall impact of prey on predators 
C)  The change in predator numbers 
D)  The zero isocline for prey 
A)  The consumption rate of prey 
B)  The overall impact of prey on predators 
C)  The change in predator numbers 
D)  The zero isocline for prey

Question 13

A spider can be thought of as _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  An active predator 
B)  A predator with low handling times 
C)  A predator that specializes on one species of prey 
D)  A sit and wait predator 
A)  An active predator 
B)  A predator with low handling times 
C)  A predator that specializes on one species of prey 
D)  A sit and wait predator

Question 14

You have been studying a plant species for the last three years.On an island trip you notice that the same species there does not have a similar leaf morphology compared to that on the mainland.Specifically,the island plants do not have sharp points around the perimeter of each leaf and are instead very smooth.You also learn that this island is devoid of deer,which specialize on this plant.What might you hypothesize regarding the morphological differences between these plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Leaves have evolved differently on the island because of climate. 
B)  Leaves have no need on the island for morphological defenses because their primary predator is not found there. 
C)  There is no way the two plants are the same species. 
D)  Specialized predators on the island ate the spikes off of these leaves. 
A)  Leaves have evolved differently on the island because of climate. 
B)  Leaves have no need on the island for morphological defenses because their primary predator is not found there. 
C)  There is no way the two plants are the same species. 
D)  Specialized predators on the island ate the spikes off of these leaves.

Question 15

A metapopulation:

Accepted Answer

A)  Refers to the patchiness that can occur in populations 
B)  Can be useful in understanding why population fluctuations are often dampened 
C)  Usually refers to two subpopulations 
D)  Has individuals that usually do not disperse between subpopulations 
A)  Refers to the patchiness that can occur in populations 
B)  Can be useful in understanding why population fluctuations are often dampened 
C)  Usually refers to two subpopulations 
D)  Has individuals that usually do not disperse between subpopulations

Question 16

In which interaction would it be typically be easiest to see the fitness impacts on the negatively affected individual?

Accepted Answer

A)  Predation 
B)  Parasitism 
C)  Grazing 
D)  Symbiosis 
A)  Predation 
B)  Parasitism 
C)  Grazing 
D)  Symbiosis

Question 17

Compensation in plants due to herbivory might occur differently depending on which of the following factors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Whether it is grazed on during a time of year when herbivores typically graze. 
B)  There should be no difference ever. 
C)  If the plant is a CAM plant or C4 plant. 
D)  Marine plants always produce more defensive compounds when grazed then terrestrial plants. 
A)  Whether it is grazed on during a time of year when herbivores typically graze. 
B)  There should be no difference ever. 
C)  If the plant is a CAM plant or C4 plant. 
D)  Marine plants always produce more defensive compounds when grazed then terrestrial plants.

Question 18

In Figure 7.4b,under which condition does Cuscuta salina significantly affect competitive interactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  In 1994 when Salicornia is infected with C. salina 
B)  In 1995 when Arthrocnemum is infected with C. salina. 
C)  In 1995 when Salicornia is infected with C. salina 
D)  In 1995 when Arthrocnemum is infected with C. salina 
A)  In 1994 when Salicornia is infected with C. salina 
B)  In 1995 when Arthrocnemum is infected with C. salina. 
C)  In 1995 when Salicornia is infected with C. salina 
D)  In 1995 when Arthrocnemum is infected with C. salina

Question 19

You are working on a research project to study insects in a tropical rainforest.You have collected some larvae from a species of interest and brought them back to lab.Within a few days of rearing them,you notice that many have been consumed from the inside out and are dead.Upon closer inspection you find that there is another species of insect larvae present.Speculate how this could have happened.

Accepted Answer

A)  The larvae cannibalized one another 
B)  The larvae were attacked by a predatory insect 
C)  It appears that you misidentified some of the larvae 
D)  The larvae were apparently host of a parasitoid fly or wasp 
A)  The larvae cannibalized one another 
B)  The larvae were attacked by a predatory insect 
C)  It appears that you misidentified some of the larvae 
D)  The larvae were apparently host of a parasitoid fly or wasp

Question 20

A Type II survivorship curve:

Accepted Answer

A)  Shows that mortality is constant 
B)  Shows that younger individuals die sooner than older individuals 
C)  Is typical of seeds 
D)  Shows that the risk of mortality is the same regardless of age 
A)  Shows that mortality is constant 
B)  Shows that younger individuals die sooner than older individuals 
C)  Is typical of seeds 
D)  Shows that the risk of mortality is the same regardless of age

Which type of organism attacks their prey,kills it,and then consumes it?

In Figure 7.2a,which of the following statements is an accurate assessment of what happened with nestlings by the time the experiment ended?

Some ants are known to lock their mouthparts onto the very top of grass blades when they are infected by a certain parasite.This might be an example of_________

What type of organism relies on a host,but it does not usually kill it?

A spider that spins a web to capture prey would be considered which of the following?

Predation can be thought of as:

Hummingbirds actively and aggressively defend rich sources of nectar.This food source is not limited,yet the consumption rate per individual is reduced.This might be due to__________.

In Figure 7.7a,simulated herbivory caused Ascophyllum nodosum to produce amounts of phlorotannins similar to which of the following?

The Lotka-Volterra predator-prey models demonstrate ______________?

Plants can produce chemical defenses against herbivores:

The term aPN in the Lotka-Volterra predator prey models denotes _______

A spider can be thought of as _______.

A metapopulation:

In which interaction would it be typically be easiest to see the fitness impacts on the negatively affected individual?

Compensation in plants due to herbivory might occur differently depending on which of the following factors?

In Figure 7.4b,under which condition does Cuscuta salina significantly affect competitive interactions?

A Type II survivorship curve:

Ecology and How to Do It

Ecology’s Evolutionary Backdrop

Physical Conditions and the Availability of Resources

Climate and the World’s Biomes

Birth, Death and Movement

Interspecific Competition

Molecular and Evolutionary Ecology

From Populations to Communities

Patterns in Species Richness

The Flux of Energy and Matter Through Ecosystems

Global Biogeochemical Cycles and Their Alteration by Humans

Conservation Ecology

The Ecology of Human Population Growth, Disease, and Food Supply

Filters

Exam 7: Predation, Grazing and Disease

Which type of organism attacks their prey,kills it,and then consumes it?

In Figure 7.2a,which of the following statements is an accurate assessment of what happened with nestlings by the time the experiment ended?

Some ants are known to lock their mouthparts onto the very top of grass blades when they are infected by a certain parasite.This might be an example of_________

What type of organism relies on a host,but it does not usually kill it?

A spider that spins a web to capture prey would be considered which of the following?

Predation can be thought of as:

Hummingbirds actively and aggressively defend rich sources of nectar.This food source is not limited,yet the consumption rate per individual is reduced.This might be due to__________.

In Figure 7.7a,simulated herbivory caused Ascophyllum nodosum to produce amounts of phlorotannins similar to which of the following?

The Lotka-Volterra predator-prey models demonstrate ______________?

Plants can produce chemical defenses against herbivores:

The term aPN in the Lotka-Volterra predator prey models denotes _______

A spider can be thought of as _______.

A metapopulation:

In which interaction would it be typically be easiest to see the fitness impacts on the negatively affected individual?

Compensation in plants due to herbivory might occur differently depending on which of the following factors?

In Figure 7.4b,under which condition does Cuscuta salina significantly affect competitive interactions?

A Type II survivorship curve:

Ecology and How to Do It

Ecology’s Evolutionary Backdrop

Physical Conditions and the Availability of Resources

Climate and the World’s Biomes

Birth, Death and Movement

Interspecific Competition

Molecular and Evolutionary Ecology

From Populations to Communities

Patterns in Species Richness

The Flux of Energy and Matter Through Ecosystems

Global Biogeochemical Cycles and Their Alteration by Humans

Conservation Ecology

The Ecology of Human Population Growth, Disease, and Food Supply

Filters