Exam 17: The Urinary System: Filtration and Fluid Balance

This condition is caused by chronic hyperglycemia ________:

Kidney stones are caused by increased urine concentration, infection, and kidney disease.They can be made of ________ and uric acid crystals.

The second factor that affects tubular reabsorption and secretion is a special type of circulation around the nephron loop, called ________ circulation.

________ nephropathy is caused by decreased blood flow to the kidneys.

The glomerulus is protected from minor changes in blood pressure by a mechanism called ________.

Describe how kidney stones are caused.

Explain how blood loss affects the kidney.

Which of the following is considered the first segment of the renal tubules?

________ renal failure is defined as an ongoing, progressive kidney disease of three months or more.

The space inside the kidney is called the renal ____________.

Long term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs causes ____________ nephropathy.

Which of the following parts of the kidney is actually an expansion of the upper end of the ureter?

The tube that carries the urine out of the body is called the ________.

Water is reabsorbed in the descending loop.

Drug-induced ________ is a type of kidney disease caused by drugs toxic to kidney tissue, especially contrast dyes and NSAIDs.

Anything that will affect reabsorption and secretion in the kidney will affect urine ________.

Medulla means inner portion.

The indentation that gives the kidney its bean-shaped appearance is called the ________.

The visceral layer of the glomerular capsule is made of specialized cells called podocytes.

Urine leaves the bladder through the ________.