Question 1

Gilligan criticized Kohlberg's theory for

Accepted Answer

A) having stages of moral reasoning. 
B) applying more to men than to women. 
C) claiming that moral reasoning becomes more sophisticated with age. 
D) overemphasizing the role of care-based moral reasoning. 
A) having stages of moral reasoning. 
B) applying more to men than to women. 
C) claiming that moral reasoning becomes more sophisticated with age. 
D) overemphasizing the role of care-based moral reasoning.

Question 2

A child who judges whether an act is good in terms of the physical consequences of reward and punishment is reasoning at which of Kohlberg's levels?

Accepted Answer

A) preconventional level 
B) conventional level 
C) postconventional level 
D) empathic level 
A) preconventional level 
B) conventional level 
C) postconventional level 
D) empathic level

Question 3

Results from longitudinal studies support Kohlberg's invariant sequence of stages.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Research consistently shows that children who are chronic victims of aggression are often anxious and depressed,and have low self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Children are more likely to help when they practice helping at home and elsewhere.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

At Kohlberg's postconventional level,moral reasoning is based on

Accepted Answer

A) social norms. 
B) obedience to authority. 
C) personal moral principles. 
D) rewards and punishments. 
A) social norms. 
B) obedience to authority. 
C) personal moral principles. 
D) rewards and punishments.

Question 7

Self-control emerges in infancy and gradually improves during the preschool years.Describe the changes in self-control between the ages of 1 and 3.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 8

Studies link children's prosocial behavior to several parental behaviors.Which of the following factors is associated with the LEAST amount of prosocial behavior in children?

Accepted Answer

A) parents who use physical punishment rather than reasoning to discipline their children 
B) parents who frequently report feelings of warmth and concern for others 
C) parents who are responsive and helpful to their children 
D) parents who praise their children for acting prosocially 
A) parents who use physical punishment rather than reasoning to discipline their children 
B) parents who frequently report feelings of warmth and concern for others 
C) parents who are responsive and helpful to their children 
D) parents who praise their children for acting prosocially

Question 9

Ruben is a fearless 5-year-old.He is most likely to cooperate with his mother's requests if

Accepted Answer

A) his mother uses gentle discipline. 
B) his mother uses threats and angry demands. 
C) he is not securely attached to his mother. 
D) he is strongly attached to his mother. 
A) his mother uses gentle discipline. 
B) his mother uses threats and angry demands. 
C) he is not securely attached to his mother. 
D) he is strongly attached to his mother.

Question 10

Which of the following statements concerning Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) The stages occur in an invariant sequence. 
B) Higher levels of moral reasoning are sometimes found among individuals of all ages. 
C) Most adults' moral reasoning is at the postconventional level. 
D) The level of moral reasoning is unrelated to the level of cognitive development. 
A) The stages occur in an invariant sequence. 
B) Higher levels of moral reasoning are sometimes found among individuals of all ages. 
C) Most adults' moral reasoning is at the postconventional level. 
D) The level of moral reasoning is unrelated to the level of cognitive development.

Question 11

Individuals who believe that laws become invalid when they no longer benefit individuals have a(n)__________ orientation according to Kohlberg.

Accepted Answer

A) social contract 
B) obedience 
C) instrumental 
D) interpersonal norms 
A) social contract 
B) obedience 
C) instrumental 
D) interpersonal norms

Question 12

All of the following are things that parents can do to encourage prosocial behavior EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) model prosocial behavior for their children. 
B) give children opportunities to behave prosocially. 
C) use physical punishment to help them understand right from wrong. 
D) use reasoning as a disciplinary tactic. 
A) model prosocial behavior for their children. 
B) give children opportunities to behave prosocially. 
C) use physical punishment to help them understand right from wrong. 
D) use reasoning as a disciplinary tactic.

Question 13

The conventional level of Kohlberg's theory of moral development encompasses which two stages?

Accepted Answer

A) obedience orientation and instrumental orientation 
B) instrumental orientation and interpersonal norms 
C) interpersonal norms and social system morality 
D) social system morality and social contract orientation 
A) obedience orientation and instrumental orientation 
B) instrumental orientation and interpersonal norms 
C) interpersonal norms and social system morality 
D) social system morality and social contract orientation

Question 14

According to research,which of the following best describes self-control?

Accepted Answer

A) stable over time 
B) variable from task to task 
C) few individual differences 
D) little long-term consistency 
A) stable over time 
B) variable from task to task 
C) few individual differences 
D) little long-term consistency

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of instrumental aggression?

Accepted Answer

A) Tony pushed Joyce out of the way so that he can get to the swing first 
B) Abe doesn't allow Justin to play with the other children 
C) Amy tells Diana that she wants the paint brush that Diana is using 
D) Natalie spreads rumors about Yolanda because Yolanda stole money from her 
A) Tony pushed Joyce out of the way so that he can get to the swing first 
B) Abe doesn't allow Justin to play with the other children 
C) Amy tells Diana that she wants the paint brush that Diana is using 
D) Natalie spreads rumors about Yolanda because Yolanda stole money from her

Question 16

Which of the following statements is NOT CORRECT regarding the domains of social justice across culture?

Accepted Answer

A) Young children in many countries worldwide share the view that decisions in the personal domain should be left to the individual and that adults should not interfere. 
B) Children and adolescents in many different Western and non-Western countries reason similarly within each social domain. 
C) Helping others is seen as a basic moral rule for many Western children whereas it is seen as a social convention for most non-Western children. 
D) Lying is acceptable for most Chinese children when it helps the group,but hurts an individual;however the reverse is true for most American children. 
A) Young children in many countries worldwide share the view that decisions in the personal domain should be left to the individual and that adults should not interfere. 
B) Children and adolescents in many different Western and non-Western countries reason similarly within each social domain. 
C) Helping others is seen as a basic moral rule for many Western children whereas it is seen as a social convention for most non-Western children. 
D) Lying is acceptable for most Chinese children when it helps the group,but hurts an individual;however the reverse is true for most American children.

Question 17

Based on the work of Turiel (1998)and Smetana (2006),moral judgments

Accepted Answer

A) represent one of the several important domains in which individuals make social judgments. 
B) are based solely on issues of justice 
C) are based solely on issues of caring and responsibility. 
D) reflect an understanding of instrumental and relational aggression. 
A) represent one of the several important domains in which individuals make social judgments. 
B) are based solely on issues of justice 
C) are based solely on issues of caring and responsibility. 
D) reflect an understanding of instrumental and relational aggression.

Question 18

All children who are chronic victims of aggression withdraw and submit to the aggression.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following aspects of Piaget's theory of moral development has NOT been supported by research?

Accepted Answer

A) the idea that moral reasoning progresses through a sequence of stages 
B) the idea that moral reasoning is related to cognitive development 
C) the idea that moral reasoning is influenced by interactions with peers 
D) the idea that young children consider adult authority to be final and absolute 
A) the idea that moral reasoning progresses through a sequence of stages 
B) the idea that moral reasoning is related to cognitive development 
C) the idea that moral reasoning is influenced by interactions with peers 
D) the idea that young children consider adult authority to be final and absolute

Question 20

Aggressive boys are as skilled as other children in interpreting other people's intentions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Gilligan criticized Kohlberg's theory for

A child who judges whether an act is good in terms of the physical consequences of reward and punishment is reasoning at which of Kohlberg's levels?

Results from longitudinal studies support Kohlberg's invariant sequence of stages.

Research consistently shows that children who are chronic victims of aggression are often anxious and depressed,and have low self-esteem.

Children are more likely to help when they practice helping at home and elsewhere.

At Kohlberg's postconventional level,moral reasoning is based on

Self-control emerges in infancy and gradually improves during the preschool years.Describe the changes in self-control between the ages of 1 and 3.

Studies link children's prosocial behavior to several parental behaviors.Which of the following factors is associated with the LEAST amount of prosocial behavior in children?

Ruben is a fearless 5-year-old.He is most likely to cooperate with his mother's requests if

Which of the following statements concerning Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning is TRUE?

Individuals who believe that laws become invalid when they no longer benefit individuals have a(n)__________ orientation according to Kohlberg.

All of the following are things that parents can do to encourage prosocial behavior EXCEPT

The conventional level of Kohlberg's theory of moral development encompasses which two stages?

According to research,which of the following best describes self-control?

Which of the following is an example of instrumental aggression?

Which of the following statements is NOT CORRECT regarding the domains of social justice across culture?

Based on the work of Turiel (1998)and Smetana (2006),moral judgments

All children who are chronic victims of aggression withdraw and submit to the aggression.

Which of the following aspects of Piaget's theory of moral development has NOT been supported by research?

Aggressive boys are as skilled as other children in interpreting other people's intentions.

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Exam 12: Moral Understanding and Behavior

Gilligan criticized Kohlberg's theory for

A child who judges whether an act is good in terms of the physical consequences of reward and punishment is reasoning at which of Kohlberg's levels?

Results from longitudinal studies support Kohlberg's invariant sequence of stages.

Research consistently shows that children who are chronic victims of aggression are often anxious and depressed,and have low self-esteem.

Children are more likely to help when they practice helping at home and elsewhere.

At Kohlberg's postconventional level,moral reasoning is based on

Self-control emerges in infancy and gradually improves during the preschool years.Describe the changes in self-control between the ages of 1 and 3.

Studies link children's prosocial behavior to several parental behaviors.Which of the following factors is associated with the LEAST amount of prosocial behavior in children?

Ruben is a fearless 5-year-old.He is most likely to cooperate with his mother's requests if

Which of the following statements concerning Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning is TRUE?

Individuals who believe that laws become invalid when they no longer benefit individuals have a(n)__________ orientation according to Kohlberg.

All of the following are things that parents can do to encourage prosocial behavior EXCEPT

The conventional level of Kohlberg's theory of moral development encompasses which two stages?

According to research,which of the following best describes self-control?

Which of the following is an example of instrumental aggression?

Which of the following statements is NOT CORRECT regarding the domains of social justice across culture?

Based on the work of Turiel (1998)and Smetana (2006),moral judgments

All children who are chronic victims of aggression withdraw and submit to the aggression.

Which of the following aspects of Piaget's theory of moral development has NOT been supported by research?

Aggressive boys are as skilled as other children in interpreting other people's intentions.

The Science of Child Development

Genetic Bases of Child Development

Prenatal Development, Birth and the Newborn

Growth and Health

Perceptual and Motor Development

Theories of Cognitive Development

Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

Language and Communication

Emotional Development

Understanding Self and Others

Gender and Development

Family Relationships

Influences Beyond the Family

Filters