Exam 11: Decisions, Judgments, and Reasoning

Which is the most likely error in scientific hypothesis testing?

The thalamus is particularly important for reasoning.

The simulation heuristic involves __________.

The reasoning heuristic in which we predict a future event or imagine a different outcome to completed events is called the ________________________

Limits on our knowledge of the domain often lead us to rely on heuristics.

The argument that there is a central flaw in heuristics and bias research-that it is a mistake to assume that the correct answer to any decision-making problem must be the normative answer supplied by classic probability theory-is __________.

Using concrete rather than abstract concepts tends to improve reasoning accuracy.

A three-statement logical form is called __________.

When tossing a coin,the order HHHHTTT is just as likely as HTHTHTH.)

In reasoning,the tendency to search for evidence that confirms a conclusion is called __________.

__________ is the study of the relationship between physical stimuli and the perceived characteristics of those stimuli: the study of how perceptual experience differs from the physical stimulation being perceived.

Denying the consequent leads to a valid inference.

Affirming the antecedent does not lead to a valid inference.

Kahneman & Tversky (1973)report having people read various personality descriptions and then estimate the likelihood or probability that a person was a member of one or another profession.To a surprising degree,people's estimates are influenced by the similarity of the description to a widely held stereotype.This reflects __________.

__________ is a decision-making strategy based on the ease of retrieval from memory.

What is a belief bias in reasoning?

It is incorrect to think of human decision making as a search for evidence.

In terms of undoing,which is most involved?

Geography questions can show semantic congruity and symbolic distance effects.

Naïve physics refers to __________.