Question 1

It can be helpful to break a problem down into smaller components called __________.

Accepted Answer

A) subgoals 
B) chunks 
C) operating units 
D) packets 
A) subgoals 
B) chunks 
C) operating units 
D) packets A

Question 2

The data from verbal protocols and the use of verbal protocol analysis is still a lingering source of discomfort within cognitive psychology.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Consider the following: Three men want to cross a river; they find a boat,but it is a very small boat.It will only carry 200 pounds.The men are named Large (200 lbs),Medium (120 lbs),and Small (80 lbs).How can they all get across? They might have to make several trips in the boat (VanLehn,1989).

Accepted Answer

A) two trips 
B) three trips 
C) five trips 
D) cannot be done (evidence for the importance of searching for contradictions) 
A) two trips 
B) three trips 
C) five trips 
D) cannot be done (evidence for the importance of searching for contradictions) C

Question 4

People are good at predicting whether they would be successful in solving routine problems.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

In problem solving,an inability to think of or consider anything but the customary uses for objects and tools is referred to as __________.

Accepted Answer

A) functional fixedness 
B) conditional reasoning 
C) causal analysis 
D) negative set 
A) functional fixedness 
B) conditional reasoning 
C) causal analysis 
D) negative set

Question 6

According to Radvansky & Ashcraft,which of the following is NOT one of the central characteristics of problem solving?

Accepted Answer

A) goal directedness 
B) the problem space 
C) cognitive operations 
D) sequence of operations 
A) goal directedness 
B) the problem space 
C) cognitive operations 
D) sequence of operations

Question 7

The water jug experiment (Luchins,1942)illustrates __________.

Accepted Answer

A) preservative fixation 
B) Gestalt influences 
C) negative set 
D) insight through analogy 
A) preservative fixation 
B) Gestalt influences 
C) negative set 
D) insight through analogy

Question 8

Insight problem solving typically involves not working slowly toward a solution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Following a systematic plan is most useful for __________.

Accepted Answer

A) relatively short problems 
B) long,multi-step problems 
C) well-defined problems 
D) ill-defined problems 
A) relatively short problems 
B) long,multi-step problems 
C) well-defined problems 
D) ill-defined problems

Question 10

How do means-end analysis and working backwards differ?

Accepted Answer

Means-end analysis and working backwards

Question 11

Analogical problem solving can be troubled if people focus on __________.

Accepted Answer

A) only the current problem 
B) deep relations 
C) superficial characteristics 
D) abstract geons 
A) only the current problem 
B) deep relations 
C) superficial characteristics 
D) abstract geons

Question 12

What does the following represent? DONALD
GERALD
ROBERT

Accepted Answer

A) conditional reasoning 
B) syllogistic reasoning 
C) cryparithmetic 
D) the fundamental heuristic 
A) conditional reasoning 
B) syllogistic reasoning 
C) cryparithmetic 
D) the fundamental heuristic

Question 13

In problem solving,what is domain knowledge?

Accepted Answer

A) what a person knows about the topic of a problem 
B) how broad a person's knowledge is in general 
C) knowledge that is only applicable to one specific domain,and can never be used for any others 
D) copyrighted material 
A) what a person knows about the topic of a problem 
B) how broad a person's knowledge is in general 
C) knowledge that is only applicable to one specific domain,and can never be used for any others 
D) copyrighted material

Question 14

In problem solving,__________.

Accepted Answer

A) solving the Tower of Hanoi requires declarative memory 
B) means-end analysis is only useful when used by production systems 
C) finding relations across problems can require sufficient time for the participants to discover useful information from related problems 
D) exhaustively searching the problem space in an algorithmic fashion will highlight the inadequacies of whatever representational scheme has been adopted unless the participant is instructed to "work backwards" from the desired end-state 
A) solving the Tower of Hanoi requires declarative memory 
B) means-end analysis is only useful when used by production systems 
C) finding relations across problems can require sufficient time for the participants to discover useful information from related problems 
D) exhaustively searching the problem space in an algorithmic fashion will highlight the inadequacies of whatever representational scheme has been adopted unless the participant is instructed to "work backwards" from the desired end-state

Question 15

Of the problems discussed in the text,which does NOT illustrate means-end analysis?

Accepted Answer

A) hobbits & orcs problem 
B) missionaries & cannibals problem 
C) bronze coin problem 
D) Tower of Hanoi 
A) hobbits & orcs problem 
B) missionaries & cannibals problem 
C) bronze coin problem 
D) Tower of Hanoi

Question 16

How does problem solving relate to two other forms of cognition that have been discussed earlier in the course? Be specific.

Accepted Answer

Problem solving is closely related to tw

Question 17

Operators are __________.

Accepted Answer

A) one's knowledge of a specific domain or topic 
B) the structure of the problem 
C) our purposes or goals in solving the problem 
D) a legal move or operation that can occur during the solution of a problem 
A) one's knowledge of a specific domain or topic 
B) the structure of the problem 
C) our purposes or goals in solving the problem 
D) a legal move or operation that can occur during the solution of a problem

Question 18

A complex kind of problem solving in which relationships in one situation are mapped onto another to solve a problem is __________.

Accepted Answer

A) production system 
B) mental model 
C) insight problem 
D) analogy 
A) production system 
B) mental model 
C) insight problem 
D) analogy

Question 19

Identify three limitations on the psychological investigation of problem-solving behavior.To the extent possible,discuss how each has been accommodated in previous research.

Accepted Answer

1. Limited generalizability: One limitat

Question 20

What is means-ends analysis?

Accepted Answer

A) keeping in mind the end goal state and working through the changes that will move you from that state to the current state 
B) getting to the end of problem by any means necessarily to solve it successfully 
C) using the end state of the problem as a means of solving it 
D) repeatedly determining the difference between the current and goal state and finding a way to reduce that difference 
A) keeping in mind the end goal state and working through the changes that will move you from that state to the current state 
B) getting to the end of problem by any means necessarily to solve it successfully 
C) using the end state of the problem as a means of solving it 
D) repeatedly determining the difference between the current and goal state and finding a way to reduce that difference

It can be helpful to break a problem down into smaller components called __________.

The data from verbal protocols and the use of verbal protocol analysis is still a lingering source of discomfort within cognitive psychology.

Consider the following: Three men want to cross a river; they find a boat,but it is a very small boat.It will only carry 200 pounds.The men are named Large (200 lbs),Medium (120 lbs),and Small (80 lbs).How can they all get across? They might have to make several trips in the boat (VanLehn,1989).

People are good at predicting whether they would be successful in solving routine problems.

In problem solving,an inability to think of or consider anything but the customary uses for objects and tools is referred to as __________.

According to Radvansky & Ashcraft,which of the following is NOT one of the central characteristics of problem solving?

The water jug experiment (Luchins,1942)illustrates __________.

Insight problem solving typically involves not working slowly toward a solution.

Following a systematic plan is most useful for __________.

How do means-end analysis and working backwards differ?

Analogical problem solving can be troubled if people focus on __________.

What does the following represent? DONALD GERALD ROBERT

In problem solving,what is domain knowledge?

In problem solving,__________.

Of the problems discussed in the text,which does NOT illustrate means-end analysis?

How does problem solving relate to two other forms of cognition that have been discussed earlier in the course? Be specific.

Operators are __________.

A complex kind of problem solving in which relationships in one situation are mapped onto another to solve a problem is __________.

Identify three limitations on the psychological investigation of problem-solving behavior.To the extent possible,discuss how each has been accommodated in previous research.

What is means-ends analysis?

Cognitive Psychology: An Introduction

Cognitive Neuroscience and Cognitive Science

Sensation and Perception

Attention

Short-Term Working Memory

Learning and Remembering

Knowing

Using Knowledge in the Real World

Language

Comprehension: Written and Spoken Language

Decisions, Judgments, and Reasoning

Cognition and Emotion

Cognitive Development

Filters

Exam 12: Problem Solving

It can be helpful to break a problem down into smaller components called __________.

The data from verbal protocols and the use of verbal protocol analysis is still a lingering source of discomfort within cognitive psychology.

Consider the following: Three men want to cross a river; they find a boat,but it is a very small boat.It will only carry 200 pounds.The men are named Large (200 lbs),Medium (120 lbs),and Small (80 lbs).How can they all get across? They might have to make several trips in the boat (VanLehn,1989).

People are good at predicting whether they would be successful in solving routine problems.

In problem solving,an inability to think of or consider anything but the customary uses for objects and tools is referred to as __________.

According to Radvansky & Ashcraft,which of the following is NOT one of the central characteristics of problem solving?

The water jug experiment (Luchins,1942)illustrates __________.

Insight problem solving typically involves not working slowly toward a solution.

Following a systematic plan is most useful for __________.

How do means-end analysis and working backwards differ?

Analogical problem solving can be troubled if people focus on __________.

What does the following represent? DONALD GERALD ROBERT

In problem solving,what is domain knowledge?

In problem solving,__________.

Of the problems discussed in the text,which does NOT illustrate means-end analysis?

How does problem solving relate to two other forms of cognition that have been discussed earlier in the course? Be specific.

Operators are __________.

A complex kind of problem solving in which relationships in one situation are mapped onto another to solve a problem is __________.

Identify three limitations on the psychological investigation of problem-solving behavior.To the extent possible,discuss how each has been accommodated in previous research.

What is means-ends analysis?

Cognitive Psychology: An Introduction

Cognitive Neuroscience and Cognitive Science

Sensation and Perception

Attention

Short-Term Working Memory

Learning and Remembering

Knowing

Using Knowledge in the Real World

Language

Comprehension: Written and Spoken Language

Decisions, Judgments, and Reasoning

Cognition and Emotion

Cognitive Development

Filters