Question 1

Exposure to the bacterium Clostridium tetani causes continuous release of acetylcholine.What effect does this have on smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Flaccid paralysis 
B)  Spastic paralysis 
C)  Lockjaw 
D)  No effect 
E)  Myocardial atrophy 
A)  Flaccid paralysis 
B)  Spastic paralysis 
C)  Lockjaw 
D)  No effect 
E)  Myocardial atrophy D

Question 2

Which muscle type depends solely on the sarcoplasmic reticulum as its calcium source?

Accepted Answer

A)  Skeletal muscle 
B)  Smooth muscle 
C)  Cardiac muscle 
D)  Skeletal and smooth muscle 
E)  Smooth and cardiac muscle 
A)  Skeletal muscle 
B)  Smooth muscle 
C)  Cardiac muscle 
D)  Skeletal and smooth muscle 
E)  Smooth and cardiac muscle A

Question 3

The triads of a muscle fiber consist of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  two A bands and one I band 
B)  two T tubules and one terminal cistern 
C)  two terminal cisterns and one T tubule 
D)  two thin myofilaments and one thick myofilament 
E)  two thick myofilaments and one thin myofilament 
A)  two A bands and one I band 
B)  two T tubules and one terminal cistern 
C)  two terminal cisterns and one T tubule 
D)  two thin myofilaments and one thick myofilament 
E)  two thick myofilaments and one thin myofilament C

Question 4

Skeletal muscle are attached to bones in a way that aligns proteins in an overly-stretch (lengthened)position.This lengthening facilitates the shortening of contractions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

As you are lifting a box,someone places extra weight on top of it.For your muscle to continue contracting and lifting the box,the muscle must __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  recruit more muscle fibers 
B)  lower its threshold 
C)  reduce its wave summation 
D)  shift from isometric to isotonic contraction 
E)  shift from slow-twitch to fast-twitch mode 
A)  recruit more muscle fibers 
B)  lower its threshold 
C)  reduce its wave summation 
D)  shift from isometric to isotonic contraction 
E)  shift from slow-twitch to fast-twitch mode

Question 6

Which of the following is true concerning isotonic eccentric contraction?

Accepted Answer

A)  The muscle shortens but tension remains constant. 
B)  The muscle lengthens but tension remains constant. 
C)  The muscle tenses and shortens. 
D)  The muscle tenses but length remains unchanged. 
E)  The muscle lengthens and tension declines. 
A)  The muscle shortens but tension remains constant. 
B)  The muscle lengthens but tension remains constant. 
C)  The muscle tenses and shortens. 
D)  The muscle tenses but length remains unchanged. 
E)  The muscle lengthens and tension declines.

Question 7

Which of the following would be caused by a contraction of smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Goose bumps 
B)  Blood leaving the left ventricle of the heart 
C)  Elevating the eyebrows 
D)  Blinking the eyelids 
E)  Deep inspiration 
A)  Goose bumps 
B)  Blood leaving the left ventricle of the heart 
C)  Elevating the eyebrows 
D)  Blinking the eyelids 
E)  Deep inspiration

Question 8

During muscle contraction,a single myosin head consumes ATP at a rate of about __________ ATP per second.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  3 
C)  5 
D)  7 
E)  9 
A)  1 
B)  3 
C)  5 
D)  7 
E)  9

Question 9

When acetylcholinesterase outlasts the release of acetylcholine from the synaptic vesicles,the skeletal muscle __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  contracts 
B)  gets stronger 
C)  relaxes 
D)  releases Ca2+ 
E)  opens its Na+ channels 
A)  contracts 
B)  gets stronger 
C)  relaxes 
D)  releases Ca2+ 
E)  opens its Na+ channels

Question 10

A volleyball player depends on the gastrocnemius muscles for plantar flexion,whereas a marathon runner depends more on the soleus muscles for the same action.What characteristic of the soleus muscles makes this so?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have smaller mitochondria. 
B)  They have more glycogen in them. 
C)  They don't have as many blood capillaries per gram of tissue. 
D)  They make more use of aerobic respiration. 
E)  They break ATP down to ADP and Pi faster. 
A)  They have smaller mitochondria. 
B)  They have more glycogen in them. 
C)  They don't have as many blood capillaries per gram of tissue. 
D)  They make more use of aerobic respiration. 
E)  They break ATP down to ADP and Pi faster.

Question 11

The minimum stimulus needed to cause muscle contraction is called the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  threshold 
B)  latent period 
C)  twitch 
D)  motor unit 
E)  innervation 
A)  threshold 
B)  latent period 
C)  twitch 
D)  motor unit 
E)  innervation

Question 12

Which of the following has the largest mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Slow oxidative fibers 
B)  Fast glycolytic fibers 
C)  Cardiac muscle 
D)  Smooth muscle 
E)  Intermediate fibers 
A)  Slow oxidative fibers 
B)  Fast glycolytic fibers 
C)  Cardiac muscle 
D)  Smooth muscle 
E)  Intermediate fibers

Question 13

Extensibility refers to the ability of a muscle to stretch.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Why is the contraction strength of smooth muscle relatively independent of its resting length?

Accepted Answer

A)  It gets nearly all of its Ca2+ from the extracellular fluid. 
B)  It does not have intercalated discs. 
C)  It does not have sarcomeres. 
D)  It is regulated by a length-tension relationship. 
E)  It is involuntary muscle. 
A)  It gets nearly all of its Ca2+ from the extracellular fluid. 
B)  It does not have intercalated discs. 
C)  It does not have sarcomeres. 
D)  It is regulated by a length-tension relationship. 
E)  It is involuntary muscle.

Question 15

If one nerve stimulus arrives at a muscle fiber so soon that the fiber does NOT relax at all from the previous twitch,the most likely result will be __________.This can only be achieved in the laboratory.

Accepted Answer

A)  fatigue 
B)  spasm 
C)  incomplete tetanus 
D)  complete tetanus 
E)  wave summation 
A)  fatigue 
B)  spasm 
C)  incomplete tetanus 
D)  complete tetanus 
E)  wave summation

Question 16

The absence or inhibition of acetylcholinesterase at a synapse would lead to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  flaccid paralysis 
B)  tetanus 
C)  atrophy 
D)  numbness 
E)  muscle wasting 
A)  flaccid paralysis 
B)  tetanus 
C)  atrophy 
D)  numbness 
E)  muscle wasting

Question 17

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a muscle cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plasticity 
B)  Contractility 
C)  Conductivity 
D)  Extensibility 
E)  Excitability 
A)  Plasticity 
B)  Contractility 
C)  Conductivity 
D)  Extensibility 
E)  Excitability

Question 18

Aerobic respiration produces approximately _________ more ATPs per glucose molecule than glycolysis does.

Accepted Answer

A)  12 
B)  24 
C)  36 
D)  48 
E)  100 
A)  12 
B)  24 
C)  36 
D)  48 
E)  100

Question 19

Which of the following is not a purpose of the excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)in muscle?

Accepted Answer

A)  To neutralize carbon dioxide buildup 
B)  To replenish the phosphagen system 
C)  To oxidize lactate 
D)  To serve elevated metabolic rate 
E)  To restore resting levels of ATP and CP 
A)  To neutralize carbon dioxide buildup 
B)  To replenish the phosphagen system 
C)  To oxidize lactate 
D)  To serve elevated metabolic rate 
E)  To restore resting levels of ATP and CP

Question 20

Drugs called calcium channel blockers may be used to lower blood pressure by causing arteries to vasodilate.How do you suppose these drugs work?

Accepted Answer

A)  They prevent calcium from entering the sarcoplasmic reticulum of smooth muscle. 
B)  They stimulate the calcium pump in smooth muscle,thus removing calcium from the calmodulin. 
C)  They prevent calcium from exiting the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle. 
D)  They prevent calcium from entering cardiac muscle,thus slowing down the heart rate. 
E)  They prevent calcium from entering smooth muscle,thus allowing the muscle to relax. 
A)  They prevent calcium from entering the sarcoplasmic reticulum of smooth muscle. 
B)  They stimulate the calcium pump in smooth muscle,thus removing calcium from the calmodulin. 
C)  They prevent calcium from exiting the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle. 
D)  They prevent calcium from entering cardiac muscle,thus slowing down the heart rate. 
E)  They prevent calcium from entering smooth muscle,thus allowing the muscle to relax.

Exam 11: Muscular Tissue

Exposure to the bacterium Clostridium tetani causes continuous release of acetylcholine.What effect does this have on smooth muscle?

Which muscle type depends solely on the sarcoplasmic reticulum as its calcium source?

The triads of a muscle fiber consist of __________.

Skeletal muscle are attached to bones in a way that aligns proteins in an overly-stretch (lengthened)position.This lengthening facilitates the shortening of contractions.

As you are lifting a box,someone places extra weight on top of it.For your muscle to continue contracting and lifting the box,the muscle must __________.

Which of the following is true concerning isotonic eccentric contraction?

Which of the following would be caused by a contraction of smooth muscle?

During muscle contraction,a single myosin head consumes ATP at a rate of about __________ ATP per second.

When acetylcholinesterase outlasts the release of acetylcholine from the synaptic vesicles,the skeletal muscle __________.

A volleyball player depends on the gastrocnemius muscles for plantar flexion,whereas a marathon runner depends more on the soleus muscles for the same action.What characteristic of the soleus muscles makes this so?

The minimum stimulus needed to cause muscle contraction is called the __________.

Which of the following has the largest mitochondria?

Extensibility refers to the ability of a muscle to stretch.

Why is the contraction strength of smooth muscle relatively independent of its resting length?

If one nerve stimulus arrives at a muscle fiber so soon that the fiber does NOT relax at all from the previous twitch,the most likely result will be __________.This can only be achieved in the laboratory.

The absence or inhibition of acetylcholinesterase at a synapse would lead to __________.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a muscle cell?

Aerobic respiration produces approximately _________ more ATPs per glucose molecule than glycolysis does.

Which of the following is not a purpose of the excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)in muscle?

Drugs called calcium channel blockers may be used to lower blood pressure by causing arteries to vasodilate.How do you suppose these drugs work?

Major Themes of Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemistry of Life

Cellular Form and Function

Genetics of Cellular Function

Histology

The Integumentary System

Bone Tissue

The Skeletal System

Joints

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord,spinal Nerves,and Somatic Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Reflexes

Sense Organs

The Endocrine System

The Circulatory System: Blood

The Circulatory System: Heart

The Circulatory System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic and Immune Systems

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

Fluid, electrolyte, and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Nutrition and Metabolism

The Male Reproductive System

The Female Reproductive System

Human Development and Aging

Atlas a General Orientation to Human Anatomy

Filters