Question 1

Target organs most often regulate the pituitary gland via _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative feedback inhibition 
B)  positive feedback inhibition 
C)  up-regulation 
D)  down-regulation 
E)  antagonistic regulation 
A)  negative feedback inhibition 
B)  positive feedback inhibition 
C)  up-regulation 
D)  down-regulation 
E)  antagonistic regulation A

Question 2

Which hormone stimulates glucocorticoid secretion?

Accepted Answer

A)  GHRH 
B)  GHIH 
C)  ACTH 
D)  CRH 
E)  TSH 
A)  GHRH 
B)  GHIH 
C)  ACTH 
D)  CRH 
E)  TSH C

Question 3

Which of the following is the last step in the sequence of events happening when cyclic AMP acts as a second messenger?

Accepted Answer

A)  G protein activates adenylate cyclase 
B)  cAMP activates protein kinases 
C)  Adenylate cyclase produces cAMP 
D)  G protein is activated by the binding of a hormone to the receptor 
E)  Enzymes are activated or deactivated by the action of protein kinases 
A)  G protein activates adenylate cyclase 
B)  cAMP activates protein kinases 
C)  Adenylate cyclase produces cAMP 
D)  G protein is activated by the binding of a hormone to the receptor 
E)  Enzymes are activated or deactivated by the action of protein kinases E

Question 4

The resistance stage in the general adaptation syndrome (stress response)is dominated by __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cortisol 
B)  epinephrine 
C)  norepinephrine 
D)  angiotensin 
E)  aldosterone 
A)  cortisol 
B)  epinephrine 
C)  norepinephrine 
D)  angiotensin 
E)  aldosterone

Question 5

Neither follicle stimulating (FSH)hormone nor testosterone alone can stimulate significant sperm production,whereas when they act together,the testes produce some 300,000 sperm per minute.This is an example of which principle regarding hormones?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hormone clearance 
B)  The cascade effect 
C)  The synergistic effect 
D)  The permissive effect 
E)  The antagonistic effect 
A)  Hormone clearance 
B)  The cascade effect 
C)  The synergistic effect 
D)  The permissive effect 
E)  The antagonistic effect

Question 6

Epinephrine is said to have a glucose-sparing effect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The infundibulum is a ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  mass of endocrine and neural cells 
B)  portal system between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland 
C)  bulky nucleus composed of the paraventricular nucleus and the supraoptic nucleus 
D)  depression of the sphenoid bone that protects the pituitary gland 
E)  projection of the hypothalamus from which the pituitary gland hangs 
A)  mass of endocrine and neural cells 
B)  portal system between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland 
C)  bulky nucleus composed of the paraventricular nucleus and the supraoptic nucleus 
D)  depression of the sphenoid bone that protects the pituitary gland 
E)  projection of the hypothalamus from which the pituitary gland hangs

Question 8

Addison disease is a consequence of a tumor of the adrenal medulla.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The nervous system reacts to stimuli __________ compared to the endocrine system,adapts __________ compared to the endocrine system,and has __________ effects compared to the endocrine system.

Accepted Answer

A)  slowly;slowly;widespread 
B)  quickly;slowly;specific 
C)  quickly;quickly;widespread 
D)  quickly;quickly;specific 
E)  slowly;quickly;specific 
A)  slowly;slowly;widespread 
B)  quickly;slowly;specific 
C)  quickly;quickly;widespread 
D)  quickly;quickly;specific 
E)  slowly;quickly;specific

Question 10

Which of the following is not secreted by the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glucagon 
B)  Insulin 
C)  Gastrin 
D)  Somatostatin (growth hormone-inhibiting hormone) 
E)  Somatotropin (growth hormone) 
A)  Glucagon 
B)  Insulin 
C)  Gastrin 
D)  Somatostatin (growth hormone-inhibiting hormone) 
E)  Somatotropin (growth hormone)

Question 11

The __________ secrete(s)__________,which promotes Na+ and water retention.

Accepted Answer

A)  adrenal medulla;epinephrine 
B)  pancreas;cortisol 
C)  kidneys;corticosterone 
D)  adrenal cortex;aldosterone 
E)  thyroid;calcitonin 
A)  adrenal medulla;epinephrine 
B)  pancreas;cortisol 
C)  kidneys;corticosterone 
D)  adrenal cortex;aldosterone 
E)  thyroid;calcitonin

Question 12

The __________ secrete(s)a hormone as a response to hypocalcemia.

Accepted Answer

A)  thymus 
B)  thyroid gland 
C)  parathyroid glands 
D)  pineal gland 
E)  pituitary gland 
A)  thymus 
B)  thyroid gland 
C)  parathyroid glands 
D)  pineal gland 
E)  pituitary gland

Question 13

Which of the following statements about diabetes mellitus is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The body produces autoantibodies that destroy the pancreatic beta cells in type I DM. 
B)  Target cells are unresponsive to insulin in type II DM. 
C)  Both type I and type II DM are characterized by lack of,or low levels of,insulin. 
D)  Diabetic neuropathy is a common long term effect of DM. 
E)  Type II DM is more common than type I DM. 
A)  The body produces autoantibodies that destroy the pancreatic beta cells in type I DM. 
B)  Target cells are unresponsive to insulin in type II DM. 
C)  Both type I and type II DM are characterized by lack of,or low levels of,insulin. 
D)  Diabetic neuropathy is a common long term effect of DM. 
E)  Type II DM is more common than type I DM.

Question 14

Worrying about your upcoming exam in history class is a valid form of stress.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following effects on a gland can be caused by a tumor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypersecretion only 
B)  Hyposecretion only 
C)  Hyposecretion and hypersecretion 
A)  Hypersecretion only 
B)  Hyposecretion only 
C)  Hyposecretion and hypersecretion

Question 16

Cholesterol is essential for the synthesis of steroid hormones.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Many hours after a meal,alpha (α)cells in the pancreatic islets secrete _________,which _________ blood glucose.

Accepted Answer

A)  glucagon;lowers 
B)  glucagon;raises 
C)  insulin;lowers 
D)  insulin;raises 
E)  glucocorticoids;raises 
A)  glucagon;lowers 
B)  glucagon;raises 
C)  insulin;lowers 
D)  insulin;raises 
E)  glucocorticoids;raises

Question 18

The posterior pituitary secretes _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  prolactin (PRL) 
B)  adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 
C)  oxytocin (OT) 
D)  thyroid hormone (TH) 
E)  growth hormone (GH) 
A)  prolactin (PRL) 
B)  adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 
C)  oxytocin (OT) 
D)  thyroid hormone (TH) 
E)  growth hormone (GH)

Question 19

Negative feedback inhibition occurs when __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)targets the anterior pituitary 
B)  thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)causes the anterior pituitary to release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 
C)  thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)targets the thyroid gland 
D)  thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)targets the thyroid gland 
E)  thyroid hormone (TH)targets the anterior pituitary 
A)  thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)targets the anterior pituitary 
B)  thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)causes the anterior pituitary to release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 
C)  thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)targets the thyroid gland 
D)  thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)targets the thyroid gland 
E)  thyroid hormone (TH)targets the anterior pituitary

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct abbreviation for the hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete ACTH?

Accepted Answer

A)  CRH 
B)  GHRH 
C)  GHIH 
D)  APRH 
E)  TRH 
A)  CRH 
B)  GHRH 
C)  GHIH 
D)  APRH 
E)  TRH

Exam 17: The Endocrine System

Target organs most often regulate the pituitary gland via _________.

Which hormone stimulates glucocorticoid secretion?

Which of the following is the last step in the sequence of events happening when cyclic AMP acts as a second messenger?

The resistance stage in the general adaptation syndrome (stress response)is dominated by __________.

Neither follicle stimulating (FSH)hormone nor testosterone alone can stimulate significant sperm production,whereas when they act together,the testes produce some 300,000 sperm per minute.This is an example of which principle regarding hormones?

Epinephrine is said to have a glucose-sparing effect.

The infundibulum is a ___________.

Addison disease is a consequence of a tumor of the adrenal medulla.

The nervous system reacts to stimuli __________ compared to the endocrine system,adapts __________ compared to the endocrine system,and has __________ effects compared to the endocrine system.

Which of the following is not secreted by the pancreas?

The __________ secrete(s)__________,which promotes Na+ and water retention.

The __________ secrete(s)a hormone as a response to hypocalcemia.

Which of the following statements about diabetes mellitus is false?

Worrying about your upcoming exam in history class is a valid form of stress.

Which of the following effects on a gland can be caused by a tumor?

Cholesterol is essential for the synthesis of steroid hormones.

Many hours after a meal,alpha (α)cells in the pancreatic islets secrete _________,which _________ blood glucose.

The posterior pituitary secretes _________.

Negative feedback inhibition occurs when __________.

Which of the following is the correct abbreviation for the hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete ACTH?

Major Themes of Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemistry of Life

Cellular Form and Function

Genetics of Cellular Function

Histology

The Integumentary System

Bone Tissue

The Skeletal System

Joints

The Muscular System

Muscular Tissue

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord,spinal Nerves,and Somatic Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Reflexes

Sense Organs

The Circulatory System: Blood

The Circulatory System: Heart

The Circulatory System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic and Immune Systems

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

Fluid, electrolyte, and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Nutrition and Metabolism

The Male Reproductive System

The Female Reproductive System

Human Development and Aging

Atlas a General Orientation to Human Anatomy

Filters

The nervous system reacts to stimuli compared to the endocrine system,adapts compared to the endocrine system,and has __ effects compared to the endocrine system.

The secrete(s),which promotes Na⁺ and water retention.

Many hours after a meal,alpha (α)cells in the pancreatic islets secrete _,which _ blood glucose.