Question 1

To meet the definition of polyuria,the minimum daily output of urine is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.5 L 
B)  1.0 L 
C)  1.5 L 
D)  2.0 L 
E)  3.0 L 
A)  0.5 L 
B)  1.0 L 
C)  1.5 L 
D)  2.0 L 
E)  3.0 L D

Question 2

The countercurrent multiplier mechanism for water conservation was discovered by limiting studies to humans and thus hypothesizing how form determines function.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

The transition from an afferent arteriole to an efferent arteriole occurs in the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus 
B)  medulla 
C)  cortical radiate veins 
D)  peritubular capillaries 
E)  vasa recta 
A)  glomerulus 
B)  medulla 
C)  cortical radiate veins 
D)  peritubular capillaries 
E)  vasa recta A

Question 4

Diseases that affect the descending corticospinal tracts may limit inhibition of the sacral somatic motor neurons and thus could result in urinary incontinence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

A single lobe of a kidney is comprised of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  two calyces and a renal pelvis 
B)  one pyramid and the overlying cortex 
C)  one major calyx and all of its minor calyces 
D)  a renal medulla and two renal columns 
E)  one collecting duct and all nephrons that drain into it 
A)  two calyces and a renal pelvis 
B)  one pyramid and the overlying cortex 
C)  one major calyx and all of its minor calyces 
D)  a renal medulla and two renal columns 
E)  one collecting duct and all nephrons that drain into it

Question 6

Stimulation of sympathetic fibers of the renal plexus increases renal blood flow.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Creatinine has a renal clearance of 140 mL/min.Why is this?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is absorbed by the nephron loop. 
B)  It is secreted by the glomerulus. 
C)  It is absorbed by the renal tubules. 
D)  It is secreted by the renal tubules. 
E)  It is produced in the pulmonary tissue. 
A)  It is absorbed by the nephron loop. 
B)  It is secreted by the glomerulus. 
C)  It is absorbed by the renal tubules. 
D)  It is secreted by the renal tubules. 
E)  It is produced in the pulmonary tissue.

Question 8

In the nephron,the fluid that immediately precedes urine is known as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma 
B)  glomerular filtrate 
C)  tubular fluid 
D)  renal filtrate 
E)  medullary filtrate 
A)  plasma 
B)  glomerular filtrate 
C)  tubular fluid 
D)  renal filtrate 
E)  medullary filtrate

Question 9

In life threatening starvation,the kidneys synthesize glucose by __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  secreting erythropoietin 
B)  secreting renin 
C)  deaminating amino acids 
D)  contributing to calcium homeostasis 
E)  producing uric acid 
A)  secreting erythropoietin 
B)  secreting renin 
C)  deaminating amino acids 
D)  contributing to calcium homeostasis 
E)  producing uric acid

Question 10

Which of the following would reduce the glomerular filtration rate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole 
B)  A drop in oncotic pressure 
C)  Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole 
D)  Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole 
E)  An increase in osmotic pressure in the glomerular capsule 
A)  Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole 
B)  A drop in oncotic pressure 
C)  Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole 
D)  Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole 
E)  An increase in osmotic pressure in the glomerular capsule

Question 11

Loop diuretics reduce body water content by acting on the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  feedback loop between the kidney and posterior pituitary gland 
B)  countercurrent multiplier system 
C)  countercurrent exchanger system 
D)  aquaporins of the collecting duct 
E)  thirst mechanism and water intake 
A)  feedback loop between the kidney and posterior pituitary gland 
B)  countercurrent multiplier system 
C)  countercurrent exchanger system 
D)  aquaporins of the collecting duct 
E)  thirst mechanism and water intake

Question 12

Assuming all other values are normal,calculate the net filtration pressure in a patient with a drop in capsular hydrostatic pressure to 8 mmHg.

Accepted Answer

A)  10 mm Hg out 
B)  20 mm Hg out 
C)  30 mm Hg out 
D)  40 mm Hg out 
E)  50 mm Hg out 
A)  10 mm Hg out 
B)  20 mm Hg out 
C)  30 mm Hg out 
D)  40 mm Hg out 
E)  50 mm Hg out

Question 13

The average person has approximately __________ nephrons per kidney.

Accepted Answer

A)  1.2 million 
B)  2.4 million 
C)  3.6 million 
D)  4.8 million 
E)  5.6 million 
A)  1.2 million 
B)  2.4 million 
C)  3.6 million 
D)  4.8 million 
E)  5.6 million

Question 14

Which of the following is not composed of cuboidal epithelium?

Accepted Answer

A)  The thin segment of the nephron loop 
B)  The thick segment of the nephron loop 
C)  The collecting duct 
D)  The proximal convoluted tubule 
E)  The distal convoluted tubule 
A)  The thin segment of the nephron loop 
B)  The thick segment of the nephron loop 
C)  The collecting duct 
D)  The proximal convoluted tubule 
E)  The distal convoluted tubule

Question 15

Normal urine from a healthy person should not contain __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  creatinine 
B)  urobilin 
C)  glucose 
D)  ammonia 
E)  magnesium 
A)  creatinine 
B)  urobilin 
C)  glucose 
D)  ammonia 
E)  magnesium

Question 16

The pigment responsible for the color of urine is called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  monochrome 
B)  urochrome 
C)  cyanochrome 
D)  multichrome 
E)  pyuria 
A)  monochrome 
B)  urochrome 
C)  cyanochrome 
D)  multichrome 
E)  pyuria

Question 17

The most toxic of our metabolic wastes are nitrogenous wastes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Angiotensin-converting enzyme is found only in the kidneys and converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The __________ muscle is located in the urinary bladder.

Accepted Answer

A)  detrusor 
B)  distractor 
C)  pubococcygeus 
D)  corpus spongiosum 
E)  corpus cavernosum 
A)  detrusor 
B)  distractor 
C)  pubococcygeus 
D)  corpus spongiosum 
E)  corpus cavernosum

Question 20

The innermost connective tissue layer protecting the kidney and assisting in staving off infection is known as the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  perirenal fat capsule 
B)  renal fascia 
C)  hilum 
D)  fibrous capsule 
E)  renal medulla 
A)  perirenal fat capsule 
B)  renal fascia 
C)  hilum 
D)  fibrous capsule 
E)  renal medulla

Exam 23: The Urinary System

To meet the definition of polyuria,the minimum daily output of urine is __________.

The countercurrent multiplier mechanism for water conservation was discovered by limiting studies to humans and thus hypothesizing how form determines function.

The transition from an afferent arteriole to an efferent arteriole occurs in the __________.

Diseases that affect the descending corticospinal tracts may limit inhibition of the sacral somatic motor neurons and thus could result in urinary incontinence.

A single lobe of a kidney is comprised of __________.

Stimulation of sympathetic fibers of the renal plexus increases renal blood flow.

Creatinine has a renal clearance of 140 mL/min.Why is this?

In the nephron,the fluid that immediately precedes urine is known as __________.

In life threatening starvation,the kidneys synthesize glucose by __________.

Which of the following would reduce the glomerular filtration rate?

Loop diuretics reduce body water content by acting on the __________.

Assuming all other values are normal,calculate the net filtration pressure in a patient with a drop in capsular hydrostatic pressure to 8 mmHg.

The average person has approximately __________ nephrons per kidney.

Which of the following is not composed of cuboidal epithelium?

Normal urine from a healthy person should not contain __________.

The pigment responsible for the color of urine is called __________.

The most toxic of our metabolic wastes are nitrogenous wastes.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme is found only in the kidneys and converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.

The __________ muscle is located in the urinary bladder.

The innermost connective tissue layer protecting the kidney and assisting in staving off infection is known as the __________.

Major Themes of Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemistry of Life

Cellular Form and Function

Genetics of Cellular Function

Histology

The Integumentary System

Bone Tissue

The Skeletal System

Joints

The Muscular System

Muscular Tissue

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord,spinal Nerves,and Somatic Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Reflexes

Sense Organs

The Endocrine System

The Circulatory System: Blood

The Circulatory System: Heart

The Circulatory System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic and Immune Systems

The Respiratory System

Fluid, electrolyte, and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Nutrition and Metabolism

The Male Reproductive System

The Female Reproductive System

Human Development and Aging

Atlas a General Orientation to Human Anatomy

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