Question 1

The resting potential:

Accepted Answer

A)  is -70 mV in all species. 
B)  can vary from -40 mV to -90 mV within a species. 
C)  can vary from -40 mV to -90 mV between species. 
D)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  is -70 mV in all species. 
B)  can vary from -40 mV to -90 mV within a species. 
C)  can vary from -40 mV to -90 mV between species. 
D)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 2

When the neuron is at rest,_____ channels are normally closed,whereas _____ is free to enter and leave the cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  K+;Na+ 
B)  Cl-;Na+ 
C)  Na+;K+ 
D)  K+;Cl- 
A)  K+;Na+ 
B)  Cl-;Na+ 
C)  Na+;K+ 
D)  K+;Cl-

Question 3

The magnitude of an action potential (AP)is measured near the axon hillock using an electrode and then measured again 2 mm farther down the axon.Compared to the AP measured near the axon hillock,the AP 2 mm farther down the axon is:

Accepted Answer

A)  larger. 
B)  smaller. 
C)  of the same magnitude. 
D)  completely nullified. 
A)  larger. 
B)  smaller. 
C)  of the same magnitude. 
D)  completely nullified.

Question 4

In a now-famous experiment,Fritsch and Hitzig discovered that electrical stimulation of the neocortex led to:

Accepted Answer

A)  hearing sounds. 
B)  movements. 
C)  seizures. 
D)  seeing patterns. 
A)  hearing sounds. 
B)  movements. 
C)  seizures. 
D)  seeing patterns.

Question 5

An action potential usually goes only in one direction in an axon because:

Accepted Answer

A)  the ions can flow only in one direction. 
B)  the refractory periods force the impulse to go in one direction. 
C)  the ion flow is attracted to chemicals in the synaptic knob. 
D)  autoreceptors inhibit backward flow of ions. 
A)  the ions can flow only in one direction. 
B)  the refractory periods force the impulse to go in one direction. 
C)  the ion flow is attracted to chemicals in the synaptic knob. 
D)  autoreceptors inhibit backward flow of ions.

Question 6

The sodium-potassium pump _____ exchanges three _____ for two _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  continuously;intracellular Na+;extracellular K+. 
B)  continuously;intracellular K+;extracellular Na+. 
C)  continuously;extracellular Na+;intracellular K+. 
D)  intermittently;intracellular K+;extracellular Na+. 
A)  continuously;intracellular Na+;extracellular K+. 
B)  continuously;intracellular K+;extracellular Na+. 
C)  continuously;extracellular Na+;intracellular K+. 
D)  intermittently;intracellular K+;extracellular Na+.

Question 7

Stretch-sensitive channels are typically found on the dendrites of:

Accepted Answer

A)  motor neurons. 
B)  interneurons. 
C)  sensory neurons. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  motor neurons. 
B)  interneurons. 
C)  sensory neurons. 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 8

There are approximately _____ as many K+ ions inside the cell as outside it.

Accepted Answer

A)  20 times 
B)  2 times 
C)  one-tenth 
D)  half 
A)  20 times 
B)  2 times 
C)  one-tenth 
D)  half

Question 9

The muscle end plate is activated by the neurotransmitter:

Accepted Answer

A)  serotonin. 
B)  norepinephrine. 
C)  dopamine. 
D)  acetylcholine. 
A)  serotonin. 
B)  norepinephrine. 
C)  dopamine. 
D)  acetylcholine.

Question 10

If a small amount of dye is placed in a beaker of water,it will flow away from the initial point of contact.The ensuing process illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion. 
B)  concentration. 
C)  charge. 
D)  electrostatic pressure. 
A)  diffusion. 
B)  concentration. 
C)  charge. 
D)  electrostatic pressure.

Question 11

_____ may play a role in the neural plasticity that is associated with learning.

Accepted Answer

A)  Spatial summation 
B)  Back propagation 
C)  Temporal summation 
D)  The relative refractory period 
A)  Spatial summation 
B)  Back propagation 
C)  Temporal summation 
D)  The relative refractory period

Question 12

At rest,the concentrations of _____ are higher inside of a neuron,whereas the concentrations of _____ are higher outside of a neuron.

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium (K+);sodium (Na+) 
B)  sodium (Na+);potassium (K+) 
C)  potassium (K+);chloride (Cl-) 
D)  potassium (K+);anions (A-) 
A)  potassium (K+);sodium (Na+) 
B)  sodium (Na+);potassium (K+) 
C)  potassium (K+);chloride (Cl-) 
D)  potassium (K+);anions (A-)

Question 13

Roberts Bartholow is remembered for being the first person to stimulate the brain of a:

Accepted Answer

A)  dog. 
B)  rabbit. 
C)  human. 
D)  a dog and a rabbit. 
A)  dog. 
B)  rabbit. 
C)  human. 
D)  a dog and a rabbit.

Question 14

A change in the resting potential from -70 mV to -73 mV is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  depolarization. 
B)  hyperpolarization. 
C)  graded excitatory potential. 
D)  nothing,as these changes occur spontaneously. 
A)  depolarization. 
B)  hyperpolarization. 
C)  graded excitatory potential. 
D)  nothing,as these changes occur spontaneously.

Question 15

Because of refractory periods,the maximum firing rate of a neuron is approximately _____ impulses per second.

Accepted Answer

A)  500 
B)  1000 
C)  100 
D)  200 
A)  500 
B)  1000 
C)  100 
D)  200

Question 16

Alex is 53 years old and has had weakness in his throat and chest for a few months.Now,he is also starting to have general weakness in his arms and legs.The weakness in his legs has gotten so bad that yesterday he fell down when walking across his living room.Alex appears to be showing early signs of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Parkinson disease. 
B)  amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease). 
C)  Huntington disease. 
D)  Alzheimer disease. 
A)  Parkinson disease. 
B)  amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease). 
C)  Huntington disease. 
D)  Alzheimer disease.

Question 17

Multiple sclerosis is thought to be:

Accepted Answer

A)  an autoimmune disease. 
B)  related to vitamin D . 
C)  related to genetic risk factors. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  an autoimmune disease. 
B)  related to vitamin D . 
C)  related to genetic risk factors. 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT one of the important reasons for refractory periods in neurons?

Accepted Answer

A)  It limits the firing rate of the neuron. 
B)  It forces nerve impulses to travel in one direction. 
C)  It increases the sensitivity of the neuron. 
D)  It allows time for the neuron to reset prior to another action potential. 
A)  It limits the firing rate of the neuron. 
B)  It forces nerve impulses to travel in one direction. 
C)  It increases the sensitivity of the neuron. 
D)  It allows time for the neuron to reset prior to another action potential.

Question 19

Na+ and K+ channels on axons are mainly:

Accepted Answer

A)  neurotransmitter dependent. 
B)  voltage dependent. 
C)  calcium dependent. 
D)  both neurotransmitter and voltage dependent. 
A)  neurotransmitter dependent. 
B)  voltage dependent. 
C)  calcium dependent. 
D)  both neurotransmitter and voltage dependent.

Question 20

_____ is a disease that has been linked with the death of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis;sensory neurons 
B)  Myasthenia gravis;sensory neurons 
C)  Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis;spinal motor neurons 
D)  Myasthenia gravis;interneurons 
A)  Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis;sensory neurons 
B)  Myasthenia gravis;sensory neurons 
C)  Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis;spinal motor neurons 
D)  Myasthenia gravis;interneurons

Exam 4:How Do Neurons Use Electrical Signals to Transmit Information? Part B

The resting potential:

When the neuron is at rest,_____ channels are normally closed,whereas _____ is free to enter and leave the cell.

The magnitude of an action potential (AP)is measured near the axon hillock using an electrode and then measured again 2 mm farther down the axon.Compared to the AP measured near the axon hillock,the AP 2 mm farther down the axon is:

In a now-famous experiment,Fritsch and Hitzig discovered that electrical stimulation of the neocortex led to:

An action potential usually goes only in one direction in an axon because:

The sodium-potassium pump _____ exchanges three _____ for two _____.

Stretch-sensitive channels are typically found on the dendrites of:

There are approximately _____ as many K+ ions inside the cell as outside it.

The muscle end plate is activated by the neurotransmitter:

If a small amount of dye is placed in a beaker of water,it will flow away from the initial point of contact.The ensuing process illustrates:

_____ may play a role in the neural plasticity that is associated with learning.

At rest,the concentrations of _____ are higher inside of a neuron,whereas the concentrations of _____ are higher outside of a neuron.

Roberts Bartholow is remembered for being the first person to stimulate the brain of a:

A change in the resting potential from -70 mV to -73 mV is called:

Because of refractory periods,the maximum firing rate of a neuron is approximately _____ impulses per second.

Multiple sclerosis is thought to be:

Which of the following is NOT one of the important reasons for refractory periods in neurons?

Na+ and K+ channels on axons are mainly:

_____ is a disease that has been linked with the death of _____.

What Are the Origins of Brain and Behavior? Part A

What Are the Origins of Brain and Behavior? Part B

What Is the Nervous System's Functional Anatomy? Part A

What Is the Nervous System's Functional Anatomy? Part B

What Is the Nervous System's Functional Anatomy? Part C

What Are the Nervous System's Functional Units? Part A

What Are the Nervous System's Functional Units? Part B

What Are the Nervous System's Functional Units? Part C

How Do Neurons Use Electrical Signals to Transmit Information? Part A

How Do Neurons Communicate and Adapt? Part A

How Do Neurons Communicate and Adapt? Part B

How Do Neurons Communicate and Adapt? Part C

How Do Drugs and Hormones Influence the Brain and Behavior? Part A

How Do Drugs and Hormones Influence the Brain and Behavior? Part B

How Do We Study the Brain's Structures and Functions? Part A

How Do We Study the Brain's Structures and Functions? Part B

How Does the Nervous System Develop and Adapt? Part A

How Does the Nervous System Develop and Adapt? Part B

How Does the Nervous System Develop and Adapt? Part C

How Do We Sense, Perceive, and See the World? Part A

How Do We Sense, Perceive, and See the World? Part B

How Do We Sense, Perceive, and See the World? Part C

How Do We Hear, Speak, and Make Music? Part A

How Do We Hear, Speak, and Make Music? Part B

How Do We Hear, Speak, and Make Music? Part C

How Does the Nervous System Respond to Stimulation and Produce Movement? Part A

How Does the Nervous System Respond to Stimulation and Produce Movement? Part B

How Does the Nervous System Respond to Stimulation and Produce Movement? Part C

What Causes Emotional and Motivated Behavior? Part A

What Causes Emotional and Motivated Behavior? Part B

Why Do We Sleep and Dream? Part A

Why Do We Sleep and Dream? Part B

Why Do We Sleep and Dream? Part C

How Do We Learn and Remember? Part A

How Do We Learn and Remember? Part B

How Do We Learn and Remember? Part C

How Does the Brain Think? Part A

How Does the Brain Think? Part B

What Happens When the Brain Misbehaves?

Filters

When the neuron is at rest,_ channels are normally closed,whereas _ is free to enter and leave the cell.

The sodium-potassium pump ___ exchanges three _ for two ___.

At rest,the concentrations of _ are higher inside of a neuron,whereas the concentrations of _ are higher outside of a neuron.

_ is a disease that has been linked with the death of _.