Exam 7: Learning and Conditioning

A reinforcer that adds something rewarding to a situation is called a ________ reinforcer.

How does one know he/she has classically conditioned a person or an animal?

In classical conditioning,one must pair the _______ before conditioning can occur.

Some of the simplest and most basic learning that involves the acquisition of fairly specific patterns of behaviors in the presence of well-defined stimuli is:

Most young children put their hands over their ears when they hear the loud boom of firecrackers at a Fourth of July festival,but at first pay scant attention to the person lighting the firecrackers.However,after just a few firecrackers have been exploded,some of the children put their hands over their ears as soon as they see the person approach the firecracker with a match! What is the unconditioned response?

Rachel has found that when she opens the cupboard door to get the cat food,the cats come running to the kitchen.Rachel knows that this is classical conditioning and that the conditioned stimulus is the __________.

Learning is a process by which experience results in __________.

To teach a tiger to jump through a flaming hoop,the tiger is first reinforced for jumping up on a certain pedestal,then for leaping from that pedestal to another.Next the tiger has to jump through a hoop between the pedestals to get the reward.Finally,the hoop is set afire and the tiger must jump through it to get the reward.This is an example of __________ .

If a rat has learned to press a lever to obtain pellets of food and,all of a sudden,the response permanently ceases to produce any food,then _______ will occur.

In the experiment with Little Albert,the unconditioned response was _______.

When Luke kisses Laura,her heart rate increases.Luke always wore Old Spice After Shave.Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice,her heart raced.Laura's increased heart rate when Luke kissed her was the:

Operant conditioning assumes that:

When you were first learning to make your bed,your parents told you that you did a good job when you got the bedspread pulled up,even though the bed was still a little messy.For the next week they showed you how to be a little neater each time you made the bed.What operant conditioning procedure did your parents use?

A reinforcer that removes something unpleasant from a situation is a __________.

Ivan Pavlov is most closely associated with __________.

A pigeon learns to peck only at a red disk.It will not peck at an identical disk of any other color.This illustrates the concept of _______.

When a CR has been conditioned to a particular stimulus,the organism will also tend to make the CR in response to other stimuli.This phenomenon is called:

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat,Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented.In this experiment,salivation to the meat was the _______.

When Luke kissed Laura,her heart rate increased.Luke always wore Old Spice After Shave.Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice,her heart raced.Luke's kiss was the:

The process by which experience results in a relatively permanent change in what one is capable of doing is called: