Exam 7: Learning and Conditioning

A positive reinforcer is a stimulus that is ________ and thus ________ the probability of a response.

What is the typical dependent variable used in studies of the operant conditioning of lever pressing in rats?

Which of the following illustrates an unconditioned stimulus (US)?

Peggy wanted to teach her dog how to roll over.She tried giving him instructions,but it didn't work.She tried waiting for him to roll over so she could reinforce the behavior,but she had to go to bed before the dog rolled.Finally,she began reinforcing the dog when it made behaviors that more closely resembled rolling over.At last,using _______,she was able to teach the dog to do the trick.

Presenting the unconditioned stimulus before the conditioned stimulus is known as _________ conditioning.

Classical conditioning:

The process of presenting the conditioned stimulus alone so often that the learner no longer associates it with the unconditioned stimulus and stops making the conditioned response is called _________ .

A reinforcer that removes something unpleasant from a situation is called a ________ reinforcer.

Which of the following is a primary reinforcer?

Which of the following statements about learning is TRUE?

Learning that depends on mental processes that are not able to be observed directly is called _________ learning.

Which of the following is an example of a primary reinforcer?

The presentation of an aversive stimulus following a particular operant response is called:

What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood or rate of a target response?

Electric shock,scoldings,and bad grades are:

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat,Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented.In this experiment,the ringing of the bell was the _______.

Rachel has found that when she opens up the cupboard door to get the cat food,the cats come running to the kitchen.Rachel knows that this is classical conditioning and that the unconditioned stimulus is the _______.

Any event whose presence decreases the likelihood that ongoing behavior will recur is __________.

To avoid getting a headache,Lory always lets her dog outside when it sits by the door and howls.This is an example of which type of punishment or reinforcement?

The Internal Revenue Service threatens Sue with a penalty if she fails to pay her back taxes.She pays,and the threat is withdrawn.In the future,she is more prompt in meeting her obligation.This is an example of the use of _______ to control behavior.