Question 1

The confirmation bias is best described as the tendency for people to:

Accepted Answer

A)  seek and consider evidence that supports their preferred hypothesis, and discount or ignore information that refutes their beliefs. 
B)  want others to agree with them because of their need to be liked. 
C)  not want to act as a devil's advocate in a group, even though it would help the group. 
D)  put unwarranted confidence in their decisions. 
A)  seek and consider evidence that supports their preferred hypothesis, and discount or ignore information that refutes their beliefs. 
B)  want others to agree with them because of their need to be liked. 
C)  not want to act as a devil's advocate in a group, even though it would help the group. 
D)  put unwarranted confidence in their decisions. A

Question 2

Groupthink occurs when team members place the goal of __________ above all other decision priorities.

Accepted Answer

A)  good judgment 
B)  ethical decisions 
C)  efficiency 
D)  consensus 
A)  good judgment 
B)  ethical decisions 
C)  efficiency 
D)  consensus D

Question 3

A demonstrable task is a task that:

Accepted Answer

A)  can be demonstrated to a group. 
B)  demonstrates the skill of the person who completes it. 
C)  has an obvious, correct answer. 
D)  demonstrates the cohesion of a group. 
A)  can be demonstrated to a group. 
B)  demonstrates the skill of the person who completes it. 
C)  has an obvious, correct answer. 
D)  demonstrates the cohesion of a group. C

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a behavioral consequence of decision fatigue:

Accepted Answer

A)  spending more money. 
B)  making more accurate decisions. 
C)  making harsh decisions. 
D)  avoiding decision-making altogether. 
A)  spending more money. 
B)  making more accurate decisions. 
C)  making harsh decisions. 
D)  avoiding decision-making altogether.

Question 5

Group polarization is best described as the tendency for:

Accepted Answer

A)  people in groups to follow the crowd, and, in some cases, engage in mob behavior. 
B)  groups to ostracize members who do not agree with them. 
C)  group discussion to mitigate group opinion; producing less extreme judgment than might be obtained by pooling individuals' views separately. 
D)  group discussion to intensify group opinion; producing more extreme judgment than might be obtained by pooling individuals' views separately. 
A)  people in groups to follow the crowd, and, in some cases, engage in mob behavior. 
B)  groups to ostracize members who do not agree with them. 
C)  group discussion to mitigate group opinion; producing less extreme judgment than might be obtained by pooling individuals' views separately. 
D)  group discussion to intensify group opinion; producing more extreme judgment than might be obtained by pooling individuals' views separately.

Question 6

Regarding ways to avoid groupthink, what is the goal of using the risk technique?

Accepted Answer

A)  It allows groups to adopt different perspectives in order to create a mechanism that will instigate thinking more carefully about problems. 
B)  It creates an atmosphere in which team members can express doubts and raise criticisms without fear of rejection or team hostility. 
C)  It allows team members to assume the perspective of other constituencies with a stake in the decision. 
D)  It gives teams an opportunity to identify a second solution as an alternative to their first choice. 
A)  It allows groups to adopt different perspectives in order to create a mechanism that will instigate thinking more carefully about problems. 
B)  It creates an atmosphere in which team members can express doubts and raise criticisms without fear of rejection or team hostility. 
C)  It allows team members to assume the perspective of other constituencies with a stake in the decision. 
D)  It gives teams an opportunity to identify a second solution as an alternative to their first choice.

Question 7

Key symptoms of groupthink take root and blossom in groups that succumb to the pressures of reaching unanimity. Which of the following is one of those symptoms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Members of the group regard themselves as invulnerable, morally correct, and exempt from organizational standards. 
B)  The group's process of creating ideas and reaching decisions is balanced, and out-group member opinions are respected. 
C)  There is a diversity of opinions within the group. 
D)  Group members constantly discuss their reservations about the group's controversial viewpoint. 
A)  Members of the group regard themselves as invulnerable, morally correct, and exempt from organizational standards. 
B)  The group's process of creating ideas and reaching decisions is balanced, and out-group member opinions are respected. 
C)  There is a diversity of opinions within the group. 
D)  Group members constantly discuss their reservations about the group's controversial viewpoint.

Question 8

Groups perform better than individuals on a wide range of demonstrable tasks. What is a key reason why groups outperform individuals faced with the same task?

Accepted Answer

A)  Groups are much more overconfident than individuals, regardless of their actual accuracy. 
B)  Groups are more likely to exacerbate some of the shortcomings displayed by individuals. 
C)  Groups outperform individuals due to a process in which group members become more accurate during the group interaction. 
D)  Groups are more likely to neglect case-specific information and ignore base-rate information. 
A)  Groups are much more overconfident than individuals, regardless of their actual accuracy. 
B)  Groups are more likely to exacerbate some of the shortcomings displayed by individuals. 
C)  Groups outperform individuals due to a process in which group members become more accurate during the group interaction. 
D)  Groups are more likely to neglect case-specific information and ignore base-rate information.

Question 9

Marilyn, Bob, and Carl all believe a certain defendant is probably guilty and should be sentenced. Individually their recommendations for a sentence are 3,5, and 7 years. When they meet as a group however, they recommend 10 years. This change and collective shift is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  groupthink. 
B)  group polarization. 
C)  the Abilene paradox. 
D)  an escalation of commitment. 
A)  groupthink. 
B)  group polarization. 
C)  the Abilene paradox. 
D)  an escalation of commitment.

Question 10

A situational example of the False Consensus Effect is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Mitchell has a tendency to overestimate the degree to which others share his views on ethical matters. 
B)  Emily has seen so many of her coworkers behave rudely to customers that she is no longer shocked by it, and at times is rude to customers too. 
C)  Carl is more likely to express his prejudiced attitudes in his office, even though his coworkers' past behavior has established a non-prejudiced workplace. 
D)  Jessica feels that it is acceptable to participate in slightly unethical behavior if it could help her be more successful in her career. 
A)  Mitchell has a tendency to overestimate the degree to which others share his views on ethical matters. 
B)  Emily has seen so many of her coworkers behave rudely to customers that she is no longer shocked by it, and at times is rude to customers too. 
C)  Carl is more likely to express his prejudiced attitudes in his office, even though his coworkers' past behavior has established a non-prejudiced workplace. 
D)  Jessica feels that it is acceptable to participate in slightly unethical behavior if it could help her be more successful in her career.

Question 11

The two psychological explanations for group polarization are: informational influence and normative influence. Informational influence is best described as the need __________; normative influence is best described as the need __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  to have power influence) over others; to fit in with the group 
B)  for cognition; for emotion 
C)  to be right accurate); to be liked accepted) 
D)  to be liked accepted); to be right accurate) 
A)  to have power influence) over others; to fit in with the group 
B)  for cognition; for emotion 
C)  to be right accurate); to be liked accepted) 
D)  to be liked accepted); to be right accurate)

Question 12

Which situation best illustrates the escalation of commitment?

Accepted Answer

A)  A marketing manager fails to state the disadvantages of a product, and only states the positive benefits of that product. 
B)  A marketing manager does not give credit to a team member whose idea was instrumental for the product development. 
C)  A marketing manager makes decisions using a majority voting technique, and does not listen to the minority viewpoint. 
D)  A marketing manager continues to promote a specific brand, despite clear evidence that the brand is losing market share to competitors. 
A)  A marketing manager fails to state the disadvantages of a product, and only states the positive benefits of that product. 
B)  A marketing manager does not give credit to a team member whose idea was instrumental for the product development. 
C)  A marketing manager makes decisions using a majority voting technique, and does not listen to the minority viewpoint. 
D)  A marketing manager continues to promote a specific brand, despite clear evidence that the brand is losing market share to competitors.

Question 13

All of the following are TRUE about conformity EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  conformity is greater when people make difficult judgments. 
B)  conformity is greater when the rest of the group is unanimous. 
C)  conformity is greater when people value and admire their team. 
D)  conformity is greater when people have high social status in their team. 
A)  conformity is greater when people make difficult judgments. 
B)  conformity is greater when the rest of the group is unanimous. 
C)  conformity is greater when people value and admire their team. 
D)  conformity is greater when people have high social status in their team.

Question 14

In regard to how accountability effects organizational decision making, accountability for __________ leads to greater escalation behavior, whereas accountability for __________ increases decision-making effectiveness.

Accepted Answer

A)  group mood; group performance 
B)  planning; rewards 
C)  failure; success 
D)  outcomes; process 
A)  group mood; group performance 
B)  planning; rewards 
C)  failure; success 
D)  outcomes; process

Question 15

All of the following can help minimize the escalation of commitment EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  setting limits. 
B)  continuing to invest based upon how many resources have already been invested. 
C)  recognizing and accepting sunk costs. 
D)  seeking external review. 
A)  setting limits. 
B)  continuing to invest based upon how many resources have already been invested. 
C)  recognizing and accepting sunk costs. 
D)  seeking external review.

Question 16

The Abilene Paradox is a bias that was initially described by what kind of situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  A family continues a trip across the hot desert even though nobody wants to take the trip. 
B)  A football game in Texas results in conflict when the teams cannot play fairly. 
C)  U.S. President Kennedy decides to invade Cuba, despite clear evidence that the plan won't work Bay of Pigs). 
D)  A famous financier defrauds thousands of people by committing fraud, theft, and money laundering in a huge Ponzi scheme Bernie Madoff). 
A)  A family continues a trip across the hot desert even though nobody wants to take the trip. 
B)  A football game in Texas results in conflict when the teams cannot play fairly. 
C)  U.S. President Kennedy decides to invade Cuba, despite clear evidence that the plan won't work Bay of Pigs). 
D)  A famous financier defrauds thousands of people by committing fraud, theft, and money laundering in a huge Ponzi scheme Bernie Madoff).

Question 17

An example of the overconfidence bias is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Bill's tendency to consider evidence that supports his position on illegal immigration, but disregards evidence that refutes his beliefs. 
B)  Carol and her team have been working on a new product for several years and one expensive prototype has become their main focus. When evaluating the choices for launch, the group judges the top prototype as the best one for launch over less expensive options. 
C)  Joe makes a stock price prediction and believes that there is only a 5% chance that his estimate is wrong; overlooking recent articles about the bad financial health of the business. 
D)  a judge in a criminal court hears over 80 cases a day. The defendants whose cases are heard late in the day were given harsher sentences. 
A)  Bill's tendency to consider evidence that supports his position on illegal immigration, but disregards evidence that refutes his beliefs. 
B)  Carol and her team have been working on a new product for several years and one expensive prototype has become their main focus. When evaluating the choices for launch, the group judges the top prototype as the best one for launch over less expensive options. 
C)  Joe makes a stock price prediction and believes that there is only a 5% chance that his estimate is wrong; overlooking recent articles about the bad financial health of the business. 
D)  a judge in a criminal court hears over 80 cases a day. The defendants whose cases are heard late in the day were given harsher sentences.

Question 18

All of the following may help a group avoid or minimize groupthink EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing the size of the team. 
B)  inviting outsiders who have a different perspective. 
C)  appointing a devil's advocate. 
D)  establishing procedures to protect alternative viewpoints. 
A)  increasing the size of the team. 
B)  inviting outsiders who have a different perspective. 
C)  appointing a devil's advocate. 
D)  establishing procedures to protect alternative viewpoints.

Question 19

Because individuals who deviate from their team's opinion are more harshly evaluated than those who conform to it, which of the following is a reason why team members are more likely to conform to the majority viewpoint?

Accepted Answer

A)  The team member is confident in his or her own opinion. 
B)  Team members anticipate future interactions with other group members. 
C)  The team member can express their opinion in a non-public forum. 
D)  The team member's individual reward is independent from the group's reward. 
A)  The team member is confident in his or her own opinion. 
B)  Team members anticipate future interactions with other group members. 
C)  The team member can express their opinion in a non-public forum. 
D)  The team member's individual reward is independent from the group's reward.

Question 20

The framing bias makes specific predictions about how people will behave when faced with a sure course of action versus a gamble. Which of the following best describes the effects of the framing bias?

Accepted Answer

A)  People are risk-averse i.e., preferring a sure thing) for both gains and losses. 
B)  People are risk-seeking i.e., preferring a gamble) when choosing among gains and losses. 
C)  People tend to be risk-averse when choosing among gains, but risk-seeking when choosing among losses. 
D)  People tend to be risk-seeking when choosing among gains, but risk-averse when choosing among losses. 
A)  People are risk-averse i.e., preferring a sure thing) for both gains and losses. 
B)  People are risk-seeking i.e., preferring a gamble) when choosing among gains and losses. 
C)  People tend to be risk-averse when choosing among gains, but risk-seeking when choosing among losses. 
D)  People tend to be risk-seeking when choosing among gains, but risk-averse when choosing among losses.

The confirmation bias is best described as the tendency for people to:

Groupthink occurs when team members place the goal of __________ above all other decision priorities.

A demonstrable task is a task that:

Which of the following is NOT a behavioral consequence of decision fatigue:

Group polarization is best described as the tendency for:

Regarding ways to avoid groupthink, what is the goal of using the risk technique?

Key symptoms of groupthink take root and blossom in groups that succumb to the pressures of reaching unanimity. Which of the following is one of those symptoms?

Groups perform better than individuals on a wide range of demonstrable tasks. What is a key reason why groups outperform individuals faced with the same task?

Marilyn, Bob, and Carl all believe a certain defendant is probably guilty and should be sentenced. Individually their recommendations for a sentence are 3,5, and 7 years. When they meet as a group however, they recommend 10 years. This change and collective shift is called:

A situational example of the False Consensus Effect is:

The two psychological explanations for group polarization are: informational influence and normative influence. Informational influence is best described as the need ; normative influence is best described as the need .

Which situation best illustrates the escalation of commitment?

All of the following are TRUE about conformity EXCEPT:

In regard to how accountability effects organizational decision making, accountability for leads to greater escalation behavior, whereas accountability for increases decision-making effectiveness.

All of the following can help minimize the escalation of commitment EXCEPT:

The Abilene Paradox is a bias that was initially described by what kind of situation?

An example of the overconfidence bias is:

All of the following may help a group avoid or minimize groupthink EXCEPT:

Because individuals who deviate from their team's opinion are more harshly evaluated than those who conform to it, which of the following is a reason why team members are more likely to conform to the majority viewpoint?

The framing bias makes specific predictions about how people will behave when faced with a sure course of action versus a gamble. Which of the following best describes the effects of the framing bias?

Teams in Organizations: Facts and Myths

Performance and Productivity

Rewarding Teamwork: Compensation and Performance Appraisals

Designing the Team: Tasks, People, and Processes

Team Identity, Emotion, and Development

Sharpening the Team and Mind: Communication and Collective Intelligence

Conflict in Teams

Creativity

Networking, Social Capital, and Integrating Across Teams

Leadership: Managing the Paradox

Interteam Relations

Teaming Across Distance and Culture

Filters

Exam 7: Team Decision Making: Pitfalls and Solutions

The confirmation bias is best described as the tendency for people to:

Groupthink occurs when team members place the goal of __________ above all other decision priorities.

A demonstrable task is a task that:

Which of the following is NOT a behavioral consequence of decision fatigue:

Group polarization is best described as the tendency for:

Regarding ways to avoid groupthink, what is the goal of using the risk technique?

Key symptoms of groupthink take root and blossom in groups that succumb to the pressures of reaching unanimity. Which of the following is one of those symptoms?

Groups perform better than individuals on a wide range of demonstrable tasks. What is a key reason why groups outperform individuals faced with the same task?

Marilyn, Bob, and Carl all believe a certain defendant is probably guilty and should be sentenced. Individually their recommendations for a sentence are 3,5, and 7 years. When they meet as a group however, they recommend 10 years. This change and collective shift is called:

A situational example of the False Consensus Effect is:

The two psychological explanations for group polarization are: informational influence and normative influence. Informational influence is best described as the need __________; normative influence is best described as the need __________.

Which situation best illustrates the escalation of commitment?

All of the following are TRUE about conformity EXCEPT:

In regard to how accountability effects organizational decision making, accountability for __________ leads to greater escalation behavior, whereas accountability for __________ increases decision-making effectiveness.

All of the following can help minimize the escalation of commitment EXCEPT:

The Abilene Paradox is a bias that was initially described by what kind of situation?

An example of the overconfidence bias is:

All of the following may help a group avoid or minimize groupthink EXCEPT:

Because individuals who deviate from their team's opinion are more harshly evaluated than those who conform to it, which of the following is a reason why team members are more likely to conform to the majority viewpoint?

The framing bias makes specific predictions about how people will behave when faced with a sure course of action versus a gamble. Which of the following best describes the effects of the framing bias?

Teams in Organizations: Facts and Myths

Performance and Productivity

Rewarding Teamwork: Compensation and Performance Appraisals

Designing the Team: Tasks, People, and Processes

Team Identity, Emotion, and Development

Sharpening the Team and Mind: Communication and Collective Intelligence

Conflict in Teams

Creativity

Networking, Social Capital, and Integrating Across Teams

Leadership: Managing the Paradox

Interteam Relations

Teaming Across Distance and Culture

Filters

The two psychological explanations for group polarization are: informational influence and normative influence. Informational influence is best described as the need ; normative influence is best described as the need .

In regard to how accountability effects organizational decision making, accountability for leads to greater escalation behavior, whereas accountability for increases decision-making effectiveness.