Exam 1: The Science of Psychology

The school of behaviorism attempted to explain behavior by studying:

A psychologist wanted to see if people are more prone to seek the company of others when anxious than when calm. He randomly assigned half of his subjects to an anxiety group and then told them that, as part of the study, they would receive electric shocks. He did not frighten the other group of subjects. Finally, he recorded how many subjects in each group chose to be "tested" in a group setting and how many chose to be "tested" alone. In this study, the group that was NOT frightened would be called the ________ group.

Studying the elements of sensations, feelings, and images is most directly associated with which school of psychology?

Mosher is a psychologist who tries to understand how people select their mates. She must be a(n) ________.

Psychologists should only study observable behavior, according to ________.

The administration of Midwest State University wants to know if the arrangement of chairs affects student participation in classrooms. What would be a good operational definition of the dependent variable in an experiment designed to measure this relationship?

A weakness of ________ is that subjects participating in the research often report, consciously and unconsciously, inaccurate information.

B. F. Skinner is most closely associated with which school of psychology?

In a laboratory, smokers are asked to "drive" using a computerized driving simulator equipped with a stick shift and a gas pedal. The object is to maximize the distance covered by driving as fast as possible on a winding road while avoiding rear-end collisions. Some of the participants smoke a real cigarette immediately before climbing into the driver's seat. Others smoke a fake cigarette without nicotine. You are interested in comparing how many collisions the two groups have. In this study, the dependent variable is ________.

Roger went to McDonald's to observe people eating in fast-food restaurants. He brought a camera crew and bright lights, and they all wore yellow jump suits. Roger said he wanted to do a naturalistic observation but may have had some problems because of ________.

Which psychologist was the first African American to receive a Ph.D. in educational psychology in 1925?

If you are interested in how patterns, beliefs, and customs influence behavior, you are interested in the ________ perspective.

Freud stressed the importance of ________.

You overhear psychology students preparing for a test. They note that one of the research methods often "fails to generalize." Which method is the MOST likely topic of their discussion?

Who claimed that behavior is affected by reinforcement?

Freud said phobias were ________ whereas Watson said phobias were ________.

Which of the following is NOT an empirical question?

A negative correlation means that ________.

Control groups should receive exactly the same treatment as the experimental groups when conducting a research study.

All of the following variables, EXCEPT for ________, would likely show a negative correlation.