Question 1

Who wrote Letters on the English,which contrasted English freedoms with French autocracy?

Accepted Answer

Voltaire

Question 2

Catherine the Great's engagement with the ideas of the Enlightenment would be best described as

Accepted Answer

A) helping to encourage a lot of talk but little real action. 
B) consistently resistant to Enlightenment influences. 
C) fundamentally transformative to the Russian states. 
D) more beneficial to women than in other European nations, 
E) instrumental in leading Russia toward democracy. 
A) helping to encourage a lot of talk but little real action. 
B) consistently resistant to Enlightenment influences. 
C) fundamentally transformative to the Russian states. 
D) more beneficial to women than in other European nations, 
E) instrumental in leading Russia toward democracy. A

Question 3

What long-standing consensus about human nature did Locke challenge in his Essay Concerning Human Understanding?

Accepted Answer

A) People are inherently depraved and sinful. 
B) Peasants who gain wealth become unruly. 
C) Women should engage only in household affairs. 
D) Human nature is shaped by education not birth. 
E) Progress itself is a general law of nature. 
A) People are inherently depraved and sinful. 
B) Peasants who gain wealth become unruly. 
C) Women should engage only in household affairs. 
D) Human nature is shaped by education not birth. 
E) Progress itself is a general law of nature. A

Question 4

How did the thinkers of the Enlightenment compare with predecessors of the Scientific Revolution?

Accepted Answer

A) The Enlightenment thinkers were more effective popularizers of ideas. 
B) The creators of the Scientific Revolution were more effective popularizers of ideas. 
C) The Scientific Revolution was more a local than an international movement. 
D) The Enlightenment was more a local than an international movement. 
E) The Enlightenment thinkers were more original in their thinking. 
A) The Enlightenment thinkers were more effective popularizers of ideas. 
B) The creators of the Scientific Revolution were more effective popularizers of ideas. 
C) The Scientific Revolution was more a local than an international movement. 
D) The Enlightenment was more a local than an international movement. 
E) The Enlightenment thinkers were more original in their thinking.

Question 5

Carl Becker challenged the interpretation of the Enlightenment by arguing that the men of the movement

Accepted Answer

A) were just as much men of faith as their medieval predecessors. 
B) were more influenced by mysticism than rationalism. 
C) had little long-lasting influence on Western culture. 
D) were much more complex than earlier historians had claimed. 
E) did not deserve their reputation as great thinkers. 
A) were just as much men of faith as their medieval predecessors. 
B) were more influenced by mysticism than rationalism. 
C) had little long-lasting influence on Western culture. 
D) were much more complex than earlier historians had claimed. 
E) did not deserve their reputation as great thinkers.

Question 6

Pietism,Methodism,and the Great Awakening were all reactions against what aspect of the Enlightenment?

Accepted Answer

A) the effort to harmonize revelation with reason 
B) emphasis on the mystery of faith 
C) focus on the majesty of the personal God 
D) emphasis on the transformative side of faith 
E) emphasis on the analysis of Scriptures 
A) the effort to harmonize revelation with reason 
B) emphasis on the mystery of faith 
C) focus on the majesty of the personal God 
D) emphasis on the transformative side of faith 
E) emphasis on the analysis of Scriptures

Question 7

What two enlightened despots were personally engaged with the philosophes?

Accepted Answer

A) Frederick the Great and Catherine the Great 
B) Frederick the Great and Joseph II 
C) Catherine the Great and Joseph II 
D) Louis XIV and Catherine the Great 
E) Louis XIV and Joseph II 
A) Frederick the Great and Catherine the Great 
B) Frederick the Great and Joseph II 
C) Catherine the Great and Joseph II 
D) Louis XIV and Catherine the Great 
E) Louis XIV and Joseph II

Question 8

In what way was Mozart typical of composers of his day?

Accepted Answer

A) He supported himself by playing for private families and courts. 
B) He was a child prodigy who died relatively early in life. 
C) Mozart composed extremely quickly and was highly prolific. 
D) He earned a substantial living from composing and performing. 
E) He composed and played only religious pieces. 
A) He supported himself by playing for private families and courts. 
B) He was a child prodigy who died relatively early in life. 
C) Mozart composed extremely quickly and was highly prolific. 
D) He earned a substantial living from composing and performing. 
E) He composed and played only religious pieces.

Question 9

Who wrote Emile and The Social Contract in 1762?

Accepted Answer

A) Jean-Jacques Rousseau 
B) Montesquieu 
C) John Locke 
D) Denis Diderot 
E) Voltaire 
A) Jean-Jacques Rousseau 
B) Montesquieu 
C) John Locke 
D) Denis Diderot 
E) Voltaire

Question 10

Arguing that the deprivation of the majority was good for order,who wrote that "all students of politics agree that when the common people are too well off it is impossible to keep them peaceable"?

Accepted Answer

A) Cardinal Richelieu 
B) Bernard de Fontenelle 
C) Immanuel Kant 
D) Adam Smith 
E) Robespierre 
A) Cardinal Richelieu 
B) Bernard de Fontenelle 
C) Immanuel Kant 
D) Adam Smith 
E) Robespierre

Question 11

Who participated in a literary debate at the beginning of the eighteenth century as leader of the "moderns," a group that believed the future could be better than the past?

Accepted Answer

A) Bernard de Fontenelle 
B) Adam Smith 
C) Immanual Kant 
D) Pierre Bayle 
E) Jonathan Swift 
A) Bernard de Fontenelle 
B) Adam Smith 
C) Immanual Kant 
D) Pierre Bayle 
E) Jonathan Swift

Question 12

Mary Wollstonecraft's Enlightenment principles were showing when she recommended that existing theories on the inferiority of women should be evaluated through

Accepted Answer

A) experimentation and data collection. 
B) careful examination of the scriptures. 
C) tracing the development of women through history. 
D) surveying women's position in Protestant ministries. 
E) pinpointing the role of women in matriarchal societies. 
A) experimentation and data collection. 
B) careful examination of the scriptures. 
C) tracing the development of women through history. 
D) surveying women's position in Protestant ministries. 
E) pinpointing the role of women in matriarchal societies.

Question 13

According to Rousseau's social contract,for whose benefit should society operate?

Accepted Answer

A) the common good 
B) the Catholic Church 
C) the individual 
D) the aristocracy and monarchy 
E) whoever had the loudest voice 
A) the common good 
B) the Catholic Church 
C) the individual 
D) the aristocracy and monarchy 
E) whoever had the loudest voice

Question 14

What Catholic order played a leading role in educating many of the men of the Enlightenment?

Accepted Answer

A) Jesuits 
B) Dominicans 
C) Franciscans 
D) Benedictines 
E) Paulists 
A) Jesuits 
B) Dominicans 
C) Franciscans 
D) Benedictines 
E) Paulists

Question 15

During the eighteenth century,there was limited tolerance for religious minorities except in which countries?

Accepted Answer

A) England and the Netherlands 
B) Spain and France 
C) Portugal and Spain 
D) England and Spain 
E) the Netherlands and France 
A) England and the Netherlands 
B) Spain and France 
C) Portugal and Spain 
D) England and Spain 
E) the Netherlands and France

Question 16

Who believed that the size,climate,demographics,religious and social customs,and economic organization of a country indicated the best form of government for that country?

Accepted Answer

A) Montesquieu 
B) Hume 
C) Smith 
D) Spinoza 
E) Voltaire 
A) Montesquieu 
B) Hume 
C) Smith 
D) Spinoza 
E) Voltaire

Question 17

Who is most closely associated with the foundation of Methodism?

Accepted Answer

A) John Wesley 
B) Baruch Spinoza 
C) David Hume 
D) Samuel Richardson 
E) Thomas Paine 
A) John Wesley 
B) Baruch Spinoza 
C) David Hume 
D) Samuel Richardson 
E) Thomas Paine

Question 18

Jacques-Louis David's art,such as the Oath of the Horatii,exemplified

Accepted Answer

A) neoclassical realism. 
B) abstract expressionism. 
C) romantic escapism. 
D) Catholic orthodoxy. 
E) royalist mysticism. 
A) neoclassical realism. 
B) abstract expressionism. 
C) romantic escapism. 
D) Catholic orthodoxy. 
E) royalist mysticism.

Question 19

During the Enlightenment,a salon was an)

Accepted Answer

A) discussion circle in a private home,often hosted by a woman. 
B) official reception with the king. 
C) secret society open only to initiated members. 
D) private bookstore selling radical pamphlets. 
E) meeting place for lower class agitators, 
A) discussion circle in a private home,often hosted by a woman. 
B) official reception with the king. 
C) secret society open only to initiated members. 
D) private bookstore selling radical pamphlets. 
E) meeting place for lower class agitators,

Question 20

The Enlightenment is unusual among historical periods because

Accepted Answer

A) eighteenth-century men used the term to describe their own age. 
B) it was an outlook on life shared by the overwhelming majority of people at the time. 
C) few people were aware it was going on until much later. 
D) intellectuals took little interest in practical application of their ideas. 
E) women had more political influence than men. 
A) eighteenth-century men used the term to describe their own age. 
B) it was an outlook on life shared by the overwhelming majority of people at the time. 
C) few people were aware it was going on until much later. 
D) intellectuals took little interest in practical application of their ideas. 
E) women had more political influence than men.

Exam 16: The Age of Enlightenment: Rationalism and Its Uses

Who wrote Letters on the English,which contrasted English freedoms with French autocracy?

Catherine the Great's engagement with the ideas of the Enlightenment would be best described as

What long-standing consensus about human nature did Locke challenge in his Essay Concerning Human Understanding?

How did the thinkers of the Enlightenment compare with predecessors of the Scientific Revolution?

Carl Becker challenged the interpretation of the Enlightenment by arguing that the men of the movement

Pietism,Methodism,and the Great Awakening were all reactions against what aspect of the Enlightenment?

What two enlightened despots were personally engaged with the philosophes?

In what way was Mozart typical of composers of his day?

Who wrote Emile and The Social Contract in 1762?

Arguing that the deprivation of the majority was good for order,who wrote that "all students of politics agree that when the common people are too well off it is impossible to keep them peaceable"?

Who participated in a literary debate at the beginning of the eighteenth century as leader of the "moderns," a group that believed the future could be better than the past?

Mary Wollstonecraft's Enlightenment principles were showing when she recommended that existing theories on the inferiority of women should be evaluated through

According to Rousseau's social contract,for whose benefit should society operate?

What Catholic order played a leading role in educating many of the men of the Enlightenment?

During the eighteenth century,there was limited tolerance for religious minorities except in which countries?

Who believed that the size,climate,demographics,religious and social customs,and economic organization of a country indicated the best form of government for that country?

Who is most closely associated with the foundation of Methodism?

Jacques-Louis David's art,such as the Oath of the Horatii,exemplified

During the Enlightenment,a salon was an)

The Enlightenment is unusual among historical periods because

The Birth of Civilization

The Rise of Empires and the Beginning of the Iron Age

Aegean Civilizations

The Hellenic Era

The Hellenistic Era and the Rise of Rome

Romes Empire and the Unification of the Western World

The Wests Medieval Civilizations

The Emergence of Europe

Europe Turns Outward

Europes High Middle Ages

Challenges to the Medieval Order

Renaissance and Exploration

Reformation, Religious Wars, and National Conflicts

The Early Modern State

New World Views: Europes Scientific Revolution

Rebellion and Revolution: American Independence and the French Revolution

Industry, Society, and Environment

The Age of Ideology in Western Europe

The Consolidation of Nation States

Global Empire and European Culture

World War I: the End of Enlightenment

The Troubled Interwar Years

World War Ii: Europe in Eclipse

Decolonization and the Cold War

Western Civilization and the Global Community

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