Question 1

Voltaire opposed established religious institutions because he

Accepted Answer

A) saw the influence of churches as a barrier to human progress. 
B) believed that religion was "the opiate of the masses." 
C) was a confirmed atheist. 
D) was jealous of the wealth and power of the Catholic Church. 
E) had been refused admission to a Jesuit school. 
A) saw the influence of churches as a barrier to human progress. 
B) believed that religion was "the opiate of the masses." 
C) was a confirmed atheist. 
D) was jealous of the wealth and power of the Catholic Church. 
E) had been refused admission to a Jesuit school.

Question 2

Free Masonry organizations were similar to contemporary churches in that they

Accepted Answer

A) performed acts of charity,practiced rituals,and fostered a sense of community. 
B) performed missionary work,gave classes in rhetoric,and were influential teachers. 
C) provided financial support to innovative writers and sponsored concerts. 
D) performed missionary work,performed charitable acts,and were influential teachers. 
E) sponsored concerts and provided financial support to innovative artists. 
A) performed acts of charity,practiced rituals,and fostered a sense of community. 
B) performed missionary work,gave classes in rhetoric,and were influential teachers. 
C) provided financial support to innovative writers and sponsored concerts. 
D) performed missionary work,performed charitable acts,and were influential teachers. 
E) sponsored concerts and provided financial support to innovative artists.

Question 3

What thinkers rejected the objectivity and rationality of the Enlightenment by speaking up for the validity of emotion and sentiment?

Accepted Answer

A) Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Samuel Richardson 
B) Thomas Paine and Jean-Jacques Rousseau 
C) Olympe de Gouges and Mary Wollstonecraft 
D) Madame de Pompadour and Abigail Adams 
E) Olympe de Gouges and Abigail Adams 
A) Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Samuel Richardson 
B) Thomas Paine and Jean-Jacques Rousseau 
C) Olympe de Gouges and Mary Wollstonecraft 
D) Madame de Pompadour and Abigail Adams 
E) Olympe de Gouges and Abigail Adams

Question 4

Who is credited with beginning the movement known as the Great Awakening?

Accepted Answer

A) George Whitefield 
B) John Wesley 
C) Samuel Richardson 
D) Jonathan Edwards 
E) Thomas Paine 
A) George Whitefield 
B) John Wesley 
C) Samuel Richardson 
D) Jonathan Edwards 
E) Thomas Paine

Question 5

The careers of Haydn and Mozart show that eighteenth-century musicians

Accepted Answer

A) often depended on the wealthy and powerful to provide them with a living. 
B) were reluctant to challenge the Baroque style of their predecessors. 
C) were not influenced in any meaningful way by Enlightenment ideas, 
D) embraced mysticism and the irrational. 
E) had little popular appeal and were only admired centuries later. 
A) often depended on the wealthy and powerful to provide them with a living. 
B) were reluctant to challenge the Baroque style of their predecessors. 
C) were not influenced in any meaningful way by Enlightenment ideas, 
D) embraced mysticism and the irrational. 
E) had little popular appeal and were only admired centuries later.

Question 6

Who advised her lawmaker husband to think more about the rights of women than his ancestors had?

Accepted Answer

A) Abigail Adams 
B) Mary Wollstonecraft 
C) Madame de Pompadour 
D) Olympe de Gouges 
E) Mary Jefferson 
A) Abigail Adams 
B) Mary Wollstonecraft 
C) Madame de Pompadour 
D) Olympe de Gouges 
E) Mary Jefferson

Question 7

What aspect of English society did Voltaire champion in contrast to French society?

Accepted Answer

A) parliamentary government 
B) autocracy 
C) enlightened despotism 
D) tripartite government 
E) the House of Lords 
A) parliamentary government 
B) autocracy 
C) enlightened despotism 
D) tripartite government 
E) the House of Lords

Question 8

What was the ultimate aim of Frederick the Great's reforms?

Accepted Answer

A) enhancing state power 
B) ending serfdom 
C) weakening the Catholic Church 
D) providing religious freedom 
E) weakening the aristocrats 
A) enhancing state power 
B) ending serfdom 
C) weakening the Catholic Church 
D) providing religious freedom 
E) weakening the aristocrats

Question 9

Who rebuked his countrymen for tolerating slavery even while they were calling for their own freedom from monarchical authority?

Accepted Answer

A) Thomas Paine 
B) Samuel Richardson 
C) John Wesley 
D) George Whitefield 
E) Rousseau 
A) Thomas Paine 
B) Samuel Richardson 
C) John Wesley 
D) George Whitefield 
E) Rousseau

Question 10

Which thinker of the seventeenth century influenced Deists and Enlightenment thinkers by carrying forward the Reformation idea that sacred texts should be carefully subjected to reason and analysis?

Accepted Answer

A) Baruch Spinoza 
B) David Hume 
C) Francis Bacon 
D) Isaac Newton 
E) Thomas Paine 
A) Baruch Spinoza 
B) David Hume 
C) Francis Bacon 
D) Isaac Newton 
E) Thomas Paine

Question 11

Which of the following individuals was NOT a champion of women's rights during the Enlightenment?

Accepted Answer

A) Jean-Jacques Rousseau 
B) Mary Wollstonecraft 
C) Olympe de Gouge 
D) Abigail Adams 
E) Emilie de Chatelet 
A) Jean-Jacques Rousseau 
B) Mary Wollstonecraft 
C) Olympe de Gouge 
D) Abigail Adams 
E) Emilie de Chatelet

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement regarding the attitudes of Enlightenment thinkers toward women?

Accepted Answer

A) Locke thought women should play an equal role with men in the political realm. 
B) Rousseau believed that women were naturally inferior. 
C) Kant thought that too much education was not good for a woman. 
D) Montesquieu was sympathetic to greater educational opportunities for women. 
E) Olympe de Gouges was a proponent of the rights of women. 
A) Locke thought women should play an equal role with men in the political realm. 
B) Rousseau believed that women were naturally inferior. 
C) Kant thought that too much education was not good for a woman. 
D) Montesquieu was sympathetic to greater educational opportunities for women. 
E) Olympe de Gouges was a proponent of the rights of women.

Question 13

What two humanitarian causes did Olympe de Gouges espouse?

Accepted Answer

abolition

Question 14

What writer criticized the constraints of society by declaring "Man is born free and everywhere is in chains"?

Accepted Answer

A) Rousseau 
B) Voltaire 
C) Diderot 
D) Montesquieu 
E) Kant 
A) Rousseau 
B) Voltaire 
C) Diderot 
D) Montesquieu 
E) Kant

Question 15

"Enlightened despots" like Catherine the Great and Frederick the Great believed the primary value of Enlightenment ideas was that they

Accepted Answer

A) increased the power of their states. 
B) maximized their citizens' happiness. 
C) saved their subjects' souls. 
D) ensured equality for women. 
E) made their countries more democratic. 
A) increased the power of their states. 
B) maximized their citizens' happiness. 
C) saved their subjects' souls. 
D) ensured equality for women. 
E) made their countries more democratic.

Question 16

Which Prussian ruler had a stormy friendship with Voltaire?

Accepted Answer

A) Frederick the Great 
B) Catherine the Great 
C) Peter the Great 
D) Joseph II 
E) Maria Teresa 
A) Frederick the Great 
B) Catherine the Great 
C) Peter the Great 
D) Joseph II 
E) Maria Teresa

Question 17

Olympe de Gouges was executed because she was convicted of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Olympe de Gouges was executed because she...

Question 18

The belief that the total amount of the world's wealth is finite is called

Accepted Answer

The answer of The belief that the total amount of...

Question 19

What problem did Austria face to a greater extent than other eighteenth-century states?

Accepted Answer

A) a diversity of nationalities with little in common 
B) too small a territory to support its ambitions 
C) a nobility and church too weak to be influential 
D) a lack of enlightened leadership 
E) overreliance on the military as an instrument of policy 
A) a diversity of nationalities with little in common 
B) too small a territory to support its ambitions 
C) a nobility and church too weak to be influential 
D) a lack of enlightened leadership 
E) overreliance on the military as an instrument of policy

Question 20

What proved that Frederick the Great and Catherine the Great were not fully committed to lessening the misery of their poor subjects?

Accepted Answer

A) They went to war to expand territory and power. 
B) They were only partially committed to their reforms. 
C) Their reforms were designed for public relations. 
D) They both discarded the programs when opposed. 
E) Their programs were limited in scope and funding. 
A) They went to war to expand territory and power. 
B) They were only partially committed to their reforms. 
C) Their reforms were designed for public relations. 
D) They both discarded the programs when opposed. 
E) Their programs were limited in scope and funding.

Exam 16: The Age of Enlightenment: Rationalism and Its Uses

Voltaire opposed established religious institutions because he

Free Masonry organizations were similar to contemporary churches in that they

What thinkers rejected the objectivity and rationality of the Enlightenment by speaking up for the validity of emotion and sentiment?

Who is credited with beginning the movement known as the Great Awakening?

The careers of Haydn and Mozart show that eighteenth-century musicians

Who advised her lawmaker husband to think more about the rights of women than his ancestors had?

What aspect of English society did Voltaire champion in contrast to French society?

What was the ultimate aim of Frederick the Great's reforms?

Who rebuked his countrymen for tolerating slavery even while they were calling for their own freedom from monarchical authority?

Which thinker of the seventeenth century influenced Deists and Enlightenment thinkers by carrying forward the Reformation idea that sacred texts should be carefully subjected to reason and analysis?

Which of the following individuals was NOT a champion of women's rights during the Enlightenment?

Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement regarding the attitudes of Enlightenment thinkers toward women?

What two humanitarian causes did Olympe de Gouges espouse?

What writer criticized the constraints of society by declaring "Man is born free and everywhere is in chains"?

"Enlightened despots" like Catherine the Great and Frederick the Great believed the primary value of Enlightenment ideas was that they

Which Prussian ruler had a stormy friendship with Voltaire?

Olympe de Gouges was executed because she was convicted of

The belief that the total amount of the world's wealth is finite is called

What problem did Austria face to a greater extent than other eighteenth-century states?

What proved that Frederick the Great and Catherine the Great were not fully committed to lessening the misery of their poor subjects?

The Birth of Civilization

The Rise of Empires and the Beginning of the Iron Age

Aegean Civilizations

The Hellenic Era

The Hellenistic Era and the Rise of Rome

Romes Empire and the Unification of the Western World

The Wests Medieval Civilizations

The Emergence of Europe

Europe Turns Outward

Europes High Middle Ages

Challenges to the Medieval Order

Renaissance and Exploration

Reformation, Religious Wars, and National Conflicts

The Early Modern State

New World Views: Europes Scientific Revolution

Rebellion and Revolution: American Independence and the French Revolution

Industry, Society, and Environment

The Age of Ideology in Western Europe

The Consolidation of Nation States

Global Empire and European Culture

World War I: the End of Enlightenment

The Troubled Interwar Years

World War Ii: Europe in Eclipse

Decolonization and the Cold War

Western Civilization and the Global Community

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