Question 1

Montesquieu's Spirit of the Laws was unusual among Enlightenment writings because it

Accepted Answer

A) influenced events directly through the American Constitution. 
B) faced censorship from French authorities. 
C) was more abstract and philosophical than practical. 
D) used a mystical rather than analytical method. 
E) insisted on the equality of men and women. 
A) influenced events directly through the American Constitution. 
B) faced censorship from French authorities. 
C) was more abstract and philosophical than practical. 
D) used a mystical rather than analytical method. 
E) insisted on the equality of men and women.

Question 2

Which of the following statements best represents the thinking of eighteenth-century Enlightenment philosophers?

Accepted Answer

A) People can exceed all accomplishments of the previous ages. 
B) The ancient Greeks' society was ideal and should be emulated. 
C) One must look back to the rugged simplicity of the early church. 
D) The Roman Republic was the pinnacle of civilization. 
E) Building on the ideas of previous generations was nonproductive. 
A) People can exceed all accomplishments of the previous ages. 
B) The ancient Greeks' society was ideal and should be emulated. 
C) One must look back to the rugged simplicity of the early church. 
D) The Roman Republic was the pinnacle of civilization. 
E) Building on the ideas of previous generations was nonproductive.

Question 3

What was the common element shared by the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment?

Accepted Answer

A) a belief that the natural world could be understood,measured,and mastered 
B) reliance on faith as a source of knowledge 
C) a focus on the theoretical over the practical 
D) a belief that the Greeks and Romans were unsurpassed sources of inspiration 
E) pessimism concerning man's capacity for improvement 
A) a belief that the natural world could be understood,measured,and mastered 
B) reliance on faith as a source of knowledge 
C) a focus on the theoretical over the practical 
D) a belief that the Greeks and Romans were unsurpassed sources of inspiration 
E) pessimism concerning man's capacity for improvement

Question 4

The term "Enlightenment" was coined by

Accepted Answer

A) Immanuel Kant. 
B) Adam Smith. 
C) Francois Quesnay. 
D) David Hume. 
E) Baruch Spinoza. 
A) Immanuel Kant. 
B) Adam Smith. 
C) Francois Quesnay. 
D) David Hume. 
E) Baruch Spinoza.

Question 5

The writings of Montesquieu,Voltaire,and Jonathan Swift show that

Accepted Answer

A) popular success is no bar to philosophical influence. 
B) England and France were equally free of censorship. 
C) poetry and drama were the most effective way to spread new ideas. 
D) satire is never a good way to make serious points. 
E) only nobles were taken seriously as Enlightenment writers, 
A) popular success is no bar to philosophical influence. 
B) England and France were equally free of censorship. 
C) poetry and drama were the most effective way to spread new ideas. 
D) satire is never a good way to make serious points. 
E) only nobles were taken seriously as Enlightenment writers,

Question 6

In today's world,people often assert that atheists and agnostics have no basis for leading a moral life.What argument would Pierre Bayle present to deny this assertion?

Accepted Answer

A) Religion and morality represent separate spheres. 
B) Alleged truths that cannot be tested by reason are unstable. 
C) The only valid test of truth is conformity to rational understanding. 
D) Man is inherently depraved and sinful. 
E) Christianity should be brought in line with universal reason. 
A) Religion and morality represent separate spheres. 
B) Alleged truths that cannot be tested by reason are unstable. 
C) The only valid test of truth is conformity to rational understanding. 
D) Man is inherently depraved and sinful. 
E) Christianity should be brought in line with universal reason.

Question 7

The reforms of the enlightened despots

Accepted Answer

A) had little lasting impact at the time,but set the stage for later progress. 
B) transformed society and government in Europe. 
C) were vigorously opposed by the philosophes. 
D) were only possible with aristocratic and clerical support. 
E) showed the power of the invisible hand. 
A) had little lasting impact at the time,but set the stage for later progress. 
B) transformed society and government in Europe. 
C) were vigorously opposed by the philosophes. 
D) were only possible with aristocratic and clerical support. 
E) showed the power of the invisible hand.

Question 8

Who edited the Encyclopedia,a distillation of science and Enlightenment ideas?

Accepted Answer

A) Denis Diderot 
B) Voltaire 
C) Pierre Bayle 
D) Montesquieu 
E) Madame Pompadour 
A) Denis Diderot 
B) Voltaire 
C) Pierre Bayle 
D) Montesquieu 
E) Madame Pompadour

Question 9

Which ruler used the ideas of the Enlightenment to improve the efficiency of the Russian government?

Accepted Answer

A) Catherine the Great 
B) Peter the Great 
C) Joseph II 
D) Maria Teresa 
E) Frederick the Great 
A) Catherine the Great 
B) Peter the Great 
C) Joseph II 
D) Maria Teresa 
E) Frederick the Great

Question 10

David Hume claimed that reason could not demonstrate the existence of God,and he was therefore charged with being a/n

Accepted Answer

A) atheist. 
B) agnostic. 
C) heretic. 
D) martyr. 
E) warlock. 
A) atheist. 
B) agnostic. 
C) heretic. 
D) martyr. 
E) warlock.

Question 11

What is similar about the aftermaths of the reigns of Frederick the Great and Joseph II?

Accepted Answer

A) Their reforms were quickly overturned. 
B) Their reforms were strengthened by successors. 
C) In both countries,aristocratic leaders stepped in to support the reforms. 
D) Most of their reforms remained intact. 
E) The church rose up in opposition to the reforms. 
A) Their reforms were quickly overturned. 
B) Their reforms were strengthened by successors. 
C) In both countries,aristocratic leaders stepped in to support the reforms. 
D) Most of their reforms remained intact. 
E) The church rose up in opposition to the reforms.

Question 12

The physiocrats focused on what area of knowledge?

Accepted Answer

A) economics 
B) medicine 
C) geography 
D) political science 
E) criminology 
A) economics 
B) medicine 
C) geography 
D) political science 
E) criminology

Question 13

What is the hands-off approach to economic development called?

Accepted Answer

A) laissez-faire 
B) mercantilism 
C) capitalism 
D) libertarianism 
E) socialism 
A) laissez-faire 
B) mercantilism 
C) capitalism 
D) libertarianism 
E) socialism

Question 14

In what way were English artist William Hogarth's engravings representative of a particular subgenre of Enlightenment-era culture?

Accepted Answer

A) They were often satirical and moralistic. 
B) They were always symmetrical and proportionate. 
C) They were meant to inspire awe and reverence. 
D) They criticized the church and the monarchy. 
E) They were reminiscent of Greek engravings. 
A) They were often satirical and moralistic. 
B) They were always symmetrical and proportionate. 
C) They were meant to inspire awe and reverence. 
D) They criticized the church and the monarchy. 
E) They were reminiscent of Greek engravings.

Question 15

What type of book was Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift?

Accepted Answer

A work of

Question 16

What is exemplified by Bayle's statement,"I am neither French nor German,nor English nor Spanish,etc. ,I am a resident of the world"?

Accepted Answer

A) the international scope of the Enlightenment 
B) his belief that Europe had nothing new to learn 
C) his reliance on the Catholic Church for inspiration 
D) hope for a universal monarchy to lead mankind 
E) his pride in his Dutch nationality 
A) the international scope of the Enlightenment 
B) his belief that Europe had nothing new to learn 
C) his reliance on the Catholic Church for inspiration 
D) hope for a universal monarchy to lead mankind 
E) his pride in his Dutch nationality

Question 17

Although Olympe de Gouges promoted radical ideas on a number of subjects,she was conservative in her views of

Accepted Answer

A) the monarchy. 
B) the clergy. 
C) the aristocracy. 
D) motherhood. 
E) slavery. 
A) the monarchy. 
B) the clergy. 
C) the aristocracy. 
D) motherhood. 
E) slavery.

Question 18

Who authored The Wealth of Nations,a groundbreaking work of political economy?

Accepted Answer

A) Adam Smith 
B) Francois Quesnay 
C) Madame de Pompadour 
D) Mary Wollstonecraft 
E) Olympe de Gouges 
A) Adam Smith 
B) Francois Quesnay 
C) Madame de Pompadour 
D) Mary Wollstonecraft 
E) Olympe de Gouges

Question 19

Who wrote On Crimes and Punishments and espoused that legal systems should be reformed and incorporate the rehabilitation of offenders?

Accepted Answer

A) Beccaria 
B) Voltaire 
C) Paine 
D) Rousseau 
E) Smith 
A) Beccaria 
B) Voltaire 
C) Paine 
D) Rousseau 
E) Smith

Exam 16: The Age of Enlightenment: Rationalism and Its Uses

Montesquieu's Spirit of the Laws was unusual among Enlightenment writings because it

Which of the following statements best represents the thinking of eighteenth-century Enlightenment philosophers?

What was the common element shared by the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment?

The term "Enlightenment" was coined by

The writings of Montesquieu,Voltaire,and Jonathan Swift show that

In today's world,people often assert that atheists and agnostics have no basis for leading a moral life.What argument would Pierre Bayle present to deny this assertion?

The reforms of the enlightened despots

Who edited the Encyclopedia,a distillation of science and Enlightenment ideas?

Which ruler used the ideas of the Enlightenment to improve the efficiency of the Russian government?

David Hume claimed that reason could not demonstrate the existence of God,and he was therefore charged with being a/n

What is similar about the aftermaths of the reigns of Frederick the Great and Joseph II?

The physiocrats focused on what area of knowledge?

What is the hands-off approach to economic development called?

In what way were English artist William Hogarth's engravings representative of a particular subgenre of Enlightenment-era culture?

What type of book was Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift?

What is exemplified by Bayle's statement,"I am neither French nor German,nor English nor Spanish,etc. ,I am a resident of the world"?

Although Olympe de Gouges promoted radical ideas on a number of subjects,she was conservative in her views of

Who authored The Wealth of Nations,a groundbreaking work of political economy?

Who wrote On Crimes and Punishments and espoused that legal systems should be reformed and incorporate the rehabilitation of offenders?

The Birth of Civilization

The Rise of Empires and the Beginning of the Iron Age

Aegean Civilizations

The Hellenic Era

The Hellenistic Era and the Rise of Rome

Romes Empire and the Unification of the Western World

The Wests Medieval Civilizations

The Emergence of Europe

Europe Turns Outward

Europes High Middle Ages

Challenges to the Medieval Order

Renaissance and Exploration

Reformation, Religious Wars, and National Conflicts

The Early Modern State

New World Views: Europes Scientific Revolution

Rebellion and Revolution: American Independence and the French Revolution

Industry, Society, and Environment

The Age of Ideology in Western Europe

The Consolidation of Nation States

Global Empire and European Culture

World War I: the End of Enlightenment

The Troubled Interwar Years

World War Ii: Europe in Eclipse

Decolonization and the Cold War

Western Civilization and the Global Community

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