Question 1

________ learning involves the ability to exhibit a specific behavior in the presence of a specific stimulus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ learning involves the ability to exhibit...

Question 2

The key function of instrumental conditioning is to allow the organism to

Accepted Answer

A)  adjust behavior according to its consequences. 
B)  learn new species-typical behaviors. 
C)  recognize familiar objects. 
D)  acquire new physical skills. 
E)  understand the relationship between stimuli. 
A)  adjust behavior according to its consequences. 
B)  learn new species-typical behaviors. 
C)  recognize familiar objects. 
D)  acquire new physical skills. 
E)  understand the relationship between stimuli.

Question 3

________ cortex neurons play a key role in short-term memory for all sensory systems.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ cortex neurons play a key role...

Question 4

A person with semantic dementia would be expected to show

Accepted Answer

A)  damage of the medial parietal lobe. 
B)  a difficulty in recalling episodic information. 
C)  damage of the hippocampus. 
D)  a difficulty in recalling factual information. 
E)  deficits in episodic emotional memory. 
A)  damage of the medial parietal lobe. 
B)  a difficulty in recalling episodic information. 
C)  damage of the hippocampus. 
D)  a difficulty in recalling factual information. 
E)  deficits in episodic emotional memory.

Question 5

Your ability to recognize a series of photos that you looked at a month ago is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction. 
B)  stimulus-response learning. 
C)  classical conditioning. 
D)  intermodal learning. 
E)  perceptual learning. 
A)  extinction. 
B)  stimulus-response learning. 
C)  classical conditioning. 
D)  intermodal learning. 
E)  perceptual learning.

Question 6

The behavior of an animal is strongly reinforced by electrical stimulation of the

Accepted Answer

A)  medial forebrain bundle. 
B)  substantia nigra. 
C)  central nucleus of the amygdala. 
D)  premotor cortex. 
E)  caudate nucleus. 
A)  medial forebrain bundle. 
B)  substantia nigra. 
C)  central nucleus of the amygdala. 
D)  premotor cortex. 
E)  caudate nucleus.

Question 7

During a PET scan, a London cabby is asked to describe the route she would take a fare from the West End theater district to Harrod's department store. Her description would be associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  reduced activity of the left hippocampal formation. 
B)  increased activity of the right hippocampal formation. 
C)  reduced activity of the right hippocampal formation. 
D)  increased activity of the left hippocampal formation. 
E)  an increase in the activity of the amygdala, but not the hippocampus. 
A)  reduced activity of the left hippocampal formation. 
B)  increased activity of the right hippocampal formation. 
C)  reduced activity of the right hippocampal formation. 
D)  increased activity of the left hippocampal formation. 
E)  an increase in the activity of the amygdala, but not the hippocampus.

Question 8

Associative long-term potentiation requires ________ occur about the same time as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  activation of a strong input to a given synapse to; a weak input is activated 
B)  that a single electrical pulse; a recording is made of the presynaptic axon 
C)  that a conditional stimulus; a reinforcing stimulus 
D)  that a reinforcing stimulus; a response 
E)  that a low-frequency train of electrical pulse; the postsynaptic neuron is hyperpolarized 
A)  activation of a strong input to a given synapse to; a weak input is activated 
B)  that a single electrical pulse; a recording is made of the presynaptic axon 
C)  that a conditional stimulus; a reinforcing stimulus 
D)  that a reinforcing stimulus; a response 
E)  that a low-frequency train of electrical pulse; the postsynaptic neuron is hyperpolarized

Question 9

The neostriatum is composed of the

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleus accumbens and the caudate nucleus. 
B)  caudate nucleus and the putamen. 
C)  lateral hypothalamus and the cingulum. 
D)  globus pallidus and the cingulum. 
E)  amygdala and hippocampus. 
A)  nucleus accumbens and the caudate nucleus. 
B)  caudate nucleus and the putamen. 
C)  lateral hypothalamus and the cingulum. 
D)  globus pallidus and the cingulum. 
E)  amygdala and hippocampus.

Question 10

Jules experiences a stroke that affects his ability to remember his family and friends. However, he still remembers how to play the piano although he has no memory of ever learning how to play. It appears that Jules' ___________ memory is still intact.

Accepted Answer

A)  serial 
B)  declarative 
C)  episodic 
D)  semantic 
E)  implicit 
A)  serial 
B)  declarative 
C)  episodic 
D)  semantic 
E)  implicit

Question 11

In a conditioned emotional response (CER) study, a tone is paired with a foot shock for a rat. After several trials, the tone alone is a CS that can elicit fear emotional responses. Which of the following is true of the physiology of this fear response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Damage to the lateral nucleus of the amygdala impairs CER learning. 
B)  Tone-shock pairings rapidly decrease the electrical activity of the lateral nucleus of the amygdala. 
C)  Damage to the central nucleus of the prefrontal cortex impairs CER learning. 
D)  Inactivation of the ventral nucleus of the amygdala during CER training blocked the formation of the CER. 
E)  Damage to the amygdala facilitates emotional responding. 
A)  Damage to the lateral nucleus of the amygdala impairs CER learning. 
B)  Tone-shock pairings rapidly decrease the electrical activity of the lateral nucleus of the amygdala. 
C)  Damage to the central nucleus of the prefrontal cortex impairs CER learning. 
D)  Inactivation of the ventral nucleus of the amygdala during CER training blocked the formation of the CER. 
E)  Damage to the amygdala facilitates emotional responding.

Question 12

The primary function of perceptual learning is to

Accepted Answer

A)  identify and categorize objects. 
B)  make an association between two stimuli. 
C)  learn to adjust behavior according to its consequences. 
D)  exhibit a specific behavior in the presence of a specific stimulus. 
E)  train a sensory system to detect accurately the location of a stimulus. 
A)  identify and categorize objects. 
B)  make an association between two stimuli. 
C)  learn to adjust behavior according to its consequences. 
D)  exhibit a specific behavior in the presence of a specific stimulus. 
E)  train a sensory system to detect accurately the location of a stimulus.

Question 13

Which of the following is true of long-term depression (LTD)?

Accepted Answer

A)  LTD can be produced by high-frequency stimulation of CA1 neurons. 
B)  LTD reflects a gradual strengthening of synaptic connections. 
C)  LTD is associated with a decrease in the number of AMPA receptors in the postsynaptic neuron. 
D)  LTD is associated with an increase in the number of AMPA receptors in the postsynaptic neurons. 
E)  LTD is not an associative phenomenon. 
A)  LTD can be produced by high-frequency stimulation of CA1 neurons. 
B)  LTD reflects a gradual strengthening of synaptic connections. 
C)  LTD is associated with a decrease in the number of AMPA receptors in the postsynaptic neuron. 
D)  LTD is associated with an increase in the number of AMPA receptors in the postsynaptic neurons. 
E)  LTD is not an associative phenomenon.

Question 14

Stroke patients with damage to the _____________ had difficulty filtering out irrelevant information, and patients with damage to the _______________ had difficulty retaining more than a few pieces of information in short-term memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  left basal ganglia; right prefrontal cortex 
B)  right basal ganglia; right prefrontal cortex 
C)  left basal ganglia; left prefrontal cortex 
D)  right basal ganglia; left prefrontal cortex 
E)  right basal ganglia; anterior cingulate cortex 
A)  left basal ganglia; right prefrontal cortex 
B)  right basal ganglia; right prefrontal cortex 
C)  left basal ganglia; left prefrontal cortex 
D)  right basal ganglia; left prefrontal cortex 
E)  right basal ganglia; anterior cingulate cortex

Question 15

The _____________ of the neocortex appears to be where semantic memories are stored.

Accepted Answer

A)  anterolateral temporal lobe 
B)  posterolateral temporal lobe 
C)  ventromedial temporal lobe 
D)  hippocampus 
E)  thalamus 
A)  anterolateral temporal lobe 
B)  posterolateral temporal lobe 
C)  ventromedial temporal lobe 
D)  hippocampus 
E)  thalamus

Question 16

When an individual ________________ to receive reinforcement, such as money, neurons in the VTA are _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  expects; inactive 
B)  expects; active 
C)  does not expect; inactive 
D)  does not expect; active 
E)  does not expect; depressed 
A)  expects; inactive 
B)  expects; active 
C)  does not expect; inactive 
D)  does not expect; active 
E)  does not expect; depressed

Question 17

Inactivation of type II calcium calmodulin kinase would be expected to

Accepted Answer

A)  facilitate the production of long-term potentiation. 
B)  promote the formation of new memories. 
C)  block the entry of calcium into the postsynaptic cell. 
D)  block the formation of long-term potentiation. 
E)  promote the creation of new NMDA receptors. 
A)  facilitate the production of long-term potentiation. 
B)  promote the formation of new memories. 
C)  block the entry of calcium into the postsynaptic cell. 
D)  block the formation of long-term potentiation. 
E)  promote the creation of new NMDA receptors.

Question 18

You have been playing the piano since you were five years old. When asked to play a relatively easy piece, like Chopsticks, you do so with very little effort. During this performance, your _____________ is active.

Accepted Answer

A)  supplementary motor area 
B)  premotor cortex 
C)  ventral premotor cortex 
D)  dorsal premotor cortex 
E)  orbitofrontal cortex 
A)  supplementary motor area 
B)  premotor cortex 
C)  ventral premotor cortex 
D)  dorsal premotor cortex 
E)  orbitofrontal cortex

Question 19

The NMDA receptor is unusual in that it is ________-dependent and ________- dependent.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ca2+; Cl- 
B)  neurotransmitter; hormone 
C)  voltage; neurotransmitter 
D)  Na+; Mg2+ 
E)  ligand; ion 
A)  Ca2+; Cl- 
B)  neurotransmitter; hormone 
C)  voltage; neurotransmitter 
D)  Na+; Mg2+ 
E)  ligand; ion

Question 20

The notion that learning a conditioned emotional response to a tone involves long-term potentiation is supported by studies in which

Accepted Answer

A)  activation of NMDA receptors impairs CER learning. 
B)  electrical stimulation of neurons that project to the amygdala produces less overall neural firing in the amygdala. 
C)  CER learning is blocked when a drug prevents the insertion of AMPA receptors into dendritic spines. 
D)  cells of the amygdala do not show evidence of long-term potentiation. 
E)  few NMDA receptors are found in the amygdala. 
A)  activation of NMDA receptors impairs CER learning. 
B)  electrical stimulation of neurons that project to the amygdala produces less overall neural firing in the amygdala. 
C)  CER learning is blocked when a drug prevents the insertion of AMPA receptors into dendritic spines. 
D)  cells of the amygdala do not show evidence of long-term potentiation. 
E)  few NMDA receptors are found in the amygdala.

________ learning involves the ability to exhibit a specific behavior in the presence of a specific stimulus.

The key function of instrumental conditioning is to allow the organism to

________ cortex neurons play a key role in short-term memory for all sensory systems.

A person with semantic dementia would be expected to show

Your ability to recognize a series of photos that you looked at a month ago is an example of

The behavior of an animal is strongly reinforced by electrical stimulation of the

During a PET scan, a London cabby is asked to describe the route she would take a fare from the West End theater district to Harrod's department store. Her description would be associated with

Associative long-term potentiation requires occur about the same time as .

The neostriatum is composed of the

Jules experiences a stroke that affects his ability to remember his family and friends. However, he still remembers how to play the piano although he has no memory of ever learning how to play. It appears that Jules' ___________ memory is still intact.

In a conditioned emotional response (CER) study, a tone is paired with a foot shock for a rat. After several trials, the tone alone is a CS that can elicit fear emotional responses. Which of the following is true of the physiology of this fear response?

The primary function of perceptual learning is to

Which of the following is true of long-term depression (LTD)?

Stroke patients with damage to the _ had difficulty filtering out irrelevant information, and patients with damage to the ___ had difficulty retaining more than a few pieces of information in short-term memory.

The _____________ of the neocortex appears to be where semantic memories are stored.

When an individual ____ to receive reinforcement, such as money, neurons in the VTA are _.

Inactivation of type II calcium calmodulin kinase would be expected to

You have been playing the piano since you were five years old. When asked to play a relatively easy piece, like Chopsticks, you do so with very little effort. During this performance, your _____________ is active.

The NMDA receptor is unusual in that it is -dependent and - dependent.

The notion that learning a conditioned emotional response to a tone involves long-term potentiation is supported by studies in which

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Substance Abuse

Filters

Exam 13: Learning and Memory

________ learning involves the ability to exhibit a specific behavior in the presence of a specific stimulus.

The key function of instrumental conditioning is to allow the organism to

________ cortex neurons play a key role in short-term memory for all sensory systems.

A person with semantic dementia would be expected to show

Your ability to recognize a series of photos that you looked at a month ago is an example of

The behavior of an animal is strongly reinforced by electrical stimulation of the

During a PET scan, a London cabby is asked to describe the route she would take a fare from the West End theater district to Harrod's department store. Her description would be associated with

Associative long-term potentiation requires ________ occur about the same time as ________.

The neostriatum is composed of the

Jules experiences a stroke that affects his ability to remember his family and friends. However, he still remembers how to play the piano although he has no memory of ever learning how to play. It appears that Jules' ___________ memory is still intact.

In a conditioned emotional response (CER) study, a tone is paired with a foot shock for a rat. After several trials, the tone alone is a CS that can elicit fear emotional responses. Which of the following is true of the physiology of this fear response?

The primary function of perceptual learning is to

Which of the following is true of long-term depression (LTD)?

Stroke patients with damage to the _____________ had difficulty filtering out irrelevant information, and patients with damage to the _______________ had difficulty retaining more than a few pieces of information in short-term memory.

The _____________ of the neocortex appears to be where semantic memories are stored.

When an individual ________________ to receive reinforcement, such as money, neurons in the VTA are _____________.

Inactivation of type II calcium calmodulin kinase would be expected to

You have been playing the piano since you were five years old. When asked to play a relatively easy piece, like Chopsticks, you do so with very little effort. During this performance, your _____________ is active.

The NMDA receptor is unusual in that it is ________-dependent and ________- dependent.

The notion that learning a conditioned emotional response to a tone involves long-term potentiation is supported by studies in which

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Substance Abuse

Filters

Associative long-term potentiation requires occur about the same time as .

Stroke patients with damage to the _ had difficulty filtering out irrelevant information, and patients with damage to the ___ had difficulty retaining more than a few pieces of information in short-term memory.

When an individual ____ to receive reinforcement, such as money, neurons in the VTA are _.

The NMDA receptor is unusual in that it is -dependent and - dependent.