Question 1

Instrumental conditioning involves strengthening connections between

Accepted Answer

A)  the dorsal and ventral streams. 
B)  the lateral and central nuclei of the amygdala. 
C)  two stimuli. 
D)  a neutral stimulus and a stimulus that produces a reflexive response. 
E)  circuits that detect a stimulus and motor control circuits that produce a response. 
A)  the dorsal and ventral streams. 
B)  the lateral and central nuclei of the amygdala. 
C)  two stimuli. 
D)  a neutral stimulus and a stimulus that produces a reflexive response. 
E)  circuits that detect a stimulus and motor control circuits that produce a response.

Question 2

Memories for a stimulus or an event can be retained in ________, which lasts for ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the ventral stream; weeks 
B)  short-term memory; a few seconds 
C)  the dorsal stream; days 
D)  perceptual memory; milliseconds 
E)  long-term memory; days 
A)  the ventral stream; weeks 
B)  short-term memory; a few seconds 
C)  the dorsal stream; days 
D)  perceptual memory; milliseconds 
E)  long-term memory; days

Question 3

Describe the four basic forms of learning: (a) perceptual learning, (b) stimulus-response learning, (c) motor learning, and (d) relational learning. Give a brief example of each in your answer.

Accepted Answer

Perceptual learning allows us to recogni

Question 4

In which of the following would you expect to observe an enlarged hippocampal formation?

Accepted Answer

A)  a London cabby who has 30 years of experience 
B)  a pigeon that wanders from roost to roost 
C)  a bird that only eats from your backyard feeder 
D)  a person who has just started training as a London cabby 
E)  a chickadee tested in the early summer 
A)  a London cabby who has 30 years of experience 
B)  a pigeon that wanders from roost to roost 
C)  a bird that only eats from your backyard feeder 
D)  a person who has just started training as a London cabby 
E)  a chickadee tested in the early summer

Question 5

Receptors for ________ are involved in long-term potentiation.

Accepted Answer

A)  serotonin 
B)  glutamate 
C)  acetylcholine 
D)  dopamine 
E)  GABA 
A)  serotonin 
B)  glutamate 
C)  acetylcholine 
D)  dopamine 
E)  GABA

Question 6

Food for a hungry rat is an example of a(n) ________ reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Food for a hungry rat is an...

Question 7

Long-lasting, long-term potentiation

Accepted Answer

A)  does not depend on protein synthesis. 
B)  involves synaptic changes that occur over a four-minute after stimulation. 
C)  requires protein synthesis. 
D)  involves changes in protein synthesis in the presynaptic terminal. 
E)  is not dependent on stimulation of the presynaptic element. 
A)  does not depend on protein synthesis. 
B)  involves synaptic changes that occur over a four-minute after stimulation. 
C)  requires protein synthesis. 
D)  involves changes in protein synthesis in the presynaptic terminal. 
E)  is not dependent on stimulation of the presynaptic element.

Question 8

________ is an example of motor learning.

Accepted Answer

A)  Spatial learning 
B)  Learning to swing a golf club 
C)  Episodic learning 
D)  Observational learning 
E)  Perceptual learning 
A)  Spatial learning 
B)  Learning to swing a golf club 
C)  Episodic learning 
D)  Observational learning 
E)  Perceptual learning

Question 9

The increase in synaptic strength that occurs in long-term potentiation is due to a modification of the cell that includes

Accepted Answer

A)  more postsynaptic GABA contacts. 
B)  more postsynaptic AMPA receptors. 
C)  fewer synaptic connections. 
D)  more postsynaptic NMDA receptors. 
E)  fewer presynaptic GABA contacts. 
A)  more postsynaptic GABA contacts. 
B)  more postsynaptic AMPA receptors. 
C)  fewer synaptic connections. 
D)  more postsynaptic NMDA receptors. 
E)  fewer presynaptic GABA contacts.

Question 10

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can disrupt neural circuits in awake humans. The notion that short-term memory (STM) for a visual stimulus involves continued activation of the appropriate visual association cortex is supported by studies in which

Accepted Answer

A)  TMS applied to the ventral stream disrupted STM for a visual location. 
B)  TMS can be used to elicit perceptual memories. 
C)  TMS applied to the ventral stream disrupted STM for a visual pattern. 
D)  global amnesia is noted after chronic TMS in depressed humans. 
E)  TMS of the motor cortex disrupts visual STM. 
A)  TMS applied to the ventral stream disrupted STM for a visual location. 
B)  TMS can be used to elicit perceptual memories. 
C)  TMS applied to the ventral stream disrupted STM for a visual pattern. 
D)  global amnesia is noted after chronic TMS in depressed humans. 
E)  TMS of the motor cortex disrupts visual STM.

Question 11

You have been driving a manual transmission vehicle for 5 years and no longer need to think about what you are doing in order to drive. Which pathway is involved?

Accepted Answer

A)  retinogeniculostriatal pathway 
B)  transcortical pathway 
C)  spinothalamic pathway 
D)  basal ganglia pathway 
E)  spinoreticular pathway 
A)  retinogeniculostriatal pathway 
B)  transcortical pathway 
C)  spinothalamic pathway 
D)  basal ganglia pathway 
E)  spinoreticular pathway

Question 12

Long-term potentiation is associated with the movement of ________ receptors to the tips of dendritic spines.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Long-term potentiation is associated with the movement...

Question 13

________ is a strong candidate to act as a retrograde messenger from the dendrite to the terminal button in the LTP process.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is a strong candidate to act...

Question 14

Functional-imaging studies have shown that the ________ hippocampal formation becomes active when a person is remembering or performing a navigational task.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Functional-imaging studies have shown that the ________...

Question 15

Which of the following is an outcome related to the discovery by Olds and Milner of "pleasure centers" in the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their discovery was mostly ignored by other scientists. 
B)  Drugs of abuse appear to act via the same circuits discovered by Olds and Milner. 
C)  Federal authorities routinely use pleasurable stimulation to control the behavior of unruly citizens. 
D)  Male rats were found to prefer copulation over electrical brain stimulation. 
E)  The rewarding effects of electrical stimulation waned within minutes, resulting in extinction of bar pressing for such stimulation. 
A)  Their discovery was mostly ignored by other scientists. 
B)  Drugs of abuse appear to act via the same circuits discovered by Olds and Milner. 
C)  Federal authorities routinely use pleasurable stimulation to control the behavior of unruly citizens. 
D)  Male rats were found to prefer copulation over electrical brain stimulation. 
E)  The rewarding effects of electrical stimulation waned within minutes, resulting in extinction of bar pressing for such stimulation.

Question 16

An action potential that occurs in a dendritic branch after an action potential in a pyramidal cell is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  the perforant potential. 
B)  the dendritic spike. 
C)  a population postsynaptic potential. 
D)  an axon potential. 
E)  a presynaptic potential. 
A)  the perforant potential. 
B)  the dendritic spike. 
C)  a population postsynaptic potential. 
D)  an axon potential. 
E)  a presynaptic potential.

Question 17

________ learning refers to your ability to recall a series of events you have witnessed.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ learning refers to your ability to...

Question 18

Patient R.B., who sustained brain damage while in cardiac arrest, exhibited profound anterograde amnesia. Which region of his brain was injured?

Accepted Answer

A)  field CA1 of the hippocampal formation 
B)  the perirhinal cortex 
C)  the parahippocampal cortex 
D)  the amygdala 
E)  the central nucleus of the amygdala 
A)  field CA1 of the hippocampal formation 
B)  the perirhinal cortex 
C)  the parahippocampal cortex 
D)  the amygdala 
E)  the central nucleus of the amygdala

Question 19

Your ability to recall a series of events you have witnessed is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  serial memory. 
B)  spatial learning. 
C)  perceptual learning. 
D)  episodic learning. 
E)  observational learning. 
A)  serial memory. 
B)  spatial learning. 
C)  perceptual learning. 
D)  episodic learning. 
E)  observational learning.

Question 20

The ________ plays a key role in short-term memory for all sensory systems.

Accepted Answer

A)  superior temporal cortex 
B)  cingulate cortex 
C)  dorsal parietal cortex 
D)  prefrontal cortex 
E)  inferior temporal cortex 
A)  superior temporal cortex 
B)  cingulate cortex 
C)  dorsal parietal cortex 
D)  prefrontal cortex 
E)  inferior temporal cortex

Instrumental conditioning involves strengthening connections between

Memories for a stimulus or an event can be retained in , which lasts for .

Describe the four basic forms of learning: (a) perceptual learning, (b) stimulus-response learning, (c) motor learning, and (d) relational learning. Give a brief example of each in your answer.

In which of the following would you expect to observe an enlarged hippocampal formation?

Receptors for ________ are involved in long-term potentiation.

Food for a hungry rat is an example of a(n) ________ reinforcer.

Long-lasting, long-term potentiation

________ is an example of motor learning.

The increase in synaptic strength that occurs in long-term potentiation is due to a modification of the cell that includes

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can disrupt neural circuits in awake humans. The notion that short-term memory (STM) for a visual stimulus involves continued activation of the appropriate visual association cortex is supported by studies in which

You have been driving a manual transmission vehicle for 5 years and no longer need to think about what you are doing in order to drive. Which pathway is involved?

Long-term potentiation is associated with the movement of ________ receptors to the tips of dendritic spines.

________ is a strong candidate to act as a retrograde messenger from the dendrite to the terminal button in the LTP process.

Functional-imaging studies have shown that the ________ hippocampal formation becomes active when a person is remembering or performing a navigational task.

Which of the following is an outcome related to the discovery by Olds and Milner of "pleasure centers" in the brain?

An action potential that occurs in a dendritic branch after an action potential in a pyramidal cell is termed

________ learning refers to your ability to recall a series of events you have witnessed.

Patient R.B., who sustained brain damage while in cardiac arrest, exhibited profound anterograde amnesia. Which region of his brain was injured?

Your ability to recall a series of events you have witnessed is referred to as

The ________ plays a key role in short-term memory for all sensory systems.

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Substance Abuse

Filters

Exam 13: Learning and Memory

Instrumental conditioning involves strengthening connections between

Memories for a stimulus or an event can be retained in ________, which lasts for ________.

Describe the four basic forms of learning: (a) perceptual learning, (b) stimulus-response learning, (c) motor learning, and (d) relational learning. Give a brief example of each in your answer.

In which of the following would you expect to observe an enlarged hippocampal formation?

Receptors for ________ are involved in long-term potentiation.

Food for a hungry rat is an example of a(n) ________ reinforcer.

Long-lasting, long-term potentiation

________ is an example of motor learning.

The increase in synaptic strength that occurs in long-term potentiation is due to a modification of the cell that includes

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can disrupt neural circuits in awake humans. The notion that short-term memory (STM) for a visual stimulus involves continued activation of the appropriate visual association cortex is supported by studies in which

You have been driving a manual transmission vehicle for 5 years and no longer need to think about what you are doing in order to drive. Which pathway is involved?

Long-term potentiation is associated with the movement of ________ receptors to the tips of dendritic spines.

________ is a strong candidate to act as a retrograde messenger from the dendrite to the terminal button in the LTP process.

Functional-imaging studies have shown that the ________ hippocampal formation becomes active when a person is remembering or performing a navigational task.

Which of the following is an outcome related to the discovery by Olds and Milner of "pleasure centers" in the brain?

An action potential that occurs in a dendritic branch after an action potential in a pyramidal cell is termed

________ learning refers to your ability to recall a series of events you have witnessed.

Patient R.B., who sustained brain damage while in cardiac arrest, exhibited profound anterograde amnesia. Which region of his brain was injured?

Your ability to recall a series of events you have witnessed is referred to as

The ________ plays a key role in short-term memory for all sensory systems.

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Substance Abuse

Filters

Memories for a stimulus or an event can be retained in , which lasts for .