Question 1

In classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus

Accepted Answer

A)  is termed the unconditional stimulus. 
B)  reliably produces a response. 
C)  becomes inactive over repeated presentations. 
D)  must always be presented after the unconditional stimulus. 
E)  is paired repeatedly with a stimulus that evokes a reflexive response. 
A)  is termed the unconditional stimulus. 
B)  reliably produces a response. 
C)  becomes inactive over repeated presentations. 
D)  must always be presented after the unconditional stimulus. 
E)  is paired repeatedly with a stimulus that evokes a reflexive response.

Question 2

Describe the role of dopamine in reinforcing brain stimulation.

Accepted Answer

The ventral tegmental area (VTA) project

Question 3

The major finding of the study by Standing (1973), in which subjects were shown 10,000 slides and then tested for recognition at various times thereafter, was that

Accepted Answer

A)  object recognition was rapidly forgotten within minutes. 
B)  subjects showed good recognition of the slides for 72 hours, after which recognition went to chance levels. 
C)  people were able to recognize most of the slides for a time interval of weeks. 
D)  subjects showed better recall when stressed just prior to the recognition test. 
E)  the results of this study call into question the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. 
A)  object recognition was rapidly forgotten within minutes. 
B)  subjects showed good recognition of the slides for 72 hours, after which recognition went to chance levels. 
C)  people were able to recognize most of the slides for a time interval of weeks. 
D)  subjects showed better recall when stressed just prior to the recognition test. 
E)  the results of this study call into question the accuracy of eyewitness testimony.

Question 4

Based on the study of Patient H.M., it has been concluded that the hippocampus is

Accepted Answer

A)  where immediate memories are stored. 
B)  not required for retrieval of long-term memories. 
C)  where long-term memories are stored. 
D)  the location of short-term memory. 
E)  the area of the brain that causes severe retrograde amnesia when damaged. 
A)  where immediate memories are stored. 
B)  not required for retrieval of long-term memories. 
C)  where long-term memories are stored. 
D)  the location of short-term memory. 
E)  the area of the brain that causes severe retrograde amnesia when damaged.

Question 5

Which of the following is an explanation of hippocampal damage produced by anoxia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anoxia reduces the release of glutamate. 
B)  Glycine terminals are found in the hippocampus. 
C)  Field CA3 of the hippocampus is rich in NMDA receptors. 
D)  Activation of NMDA receptors produces an accumulation of calcium ions, which is toxic to the neuron. 
E)  Anoxia releases glycine, a toxic neurotransmitter. 
A)  Anoxia reduces the release of glutamate. 
B)  Glycine terminals are found in the hippocampus. 
C)  Field CA3 of the hippocampus is rich in NMDA receptors. 
D)  Activation of NMDA receptors produces an accumulation of calcium ions, which is toxic to the neuron. 
E)  Anoxia releases glycine, a toxic neurotransmitter.

Question 6

Damage to human visual association cortex would be expected to impair the ability to

Accepted Answer

A)  sense changes in the color of objects. 
B)  detect movement. 
C)  differentiate between two tones. 
D)  recognize familiar objects. 
E)  detect changes in binocular depth cues. 
A)  sense changes in the color of objects. 
B)  detect movement. 
C)  differentiate between two tones. 
D)  recognize familiar objects. 
E)  detect changes in binocular depth cues.

Question 7

Compare the memory problems that occur in anterograde amnesia with those of retrograde amnesia.

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia refers to the inabil

Question 8

The notion that episodic memories are distinct from semantic memories is supported by studies in which

Accepted Answer

A)  damage to the amygdala impairs semantic but not episodic memory. 
B)  anoxia facilitates episodic memory but not semantic memory. 
C)  anoxia facilitates semantic memory but not episodic memory. 
D)  persons with semantic dementia show loss of the lateral temporal lobe but not the hippocampal formation. 
E)  hippocampal subjects had poor vocabulary skills but good recall of their daily conversations. 
A)  damage to the amygdala impairs semantic but not episodic memory. 
B)  anoxia facilitates episodic memory but not semantic memory. 
C)  anoxia facilitates semantic memory but not episodic memory. 
D)  persons with semantic dementia show loss of the lateral temporal lobe but not the hippocampal formation. 
E)  hippocampal subjects had poor vocabulary skills but good recall of their daily conversations.

Question 9

The _____________ is involved in converting short-term memories into long-term memories.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _____________ is involved in converting short-term...

Question 10

The flow of information into and from the basal ganglia is

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory signals -> primary motor cortex -> premotor cortex -> basal ganglia 
B)  sensory signals -> globus pallidus -> caudate nucleus/putamen -> primary motor cortex 
C)  sensory signals -> caudate nucleus/putamen -> globus pallidus -> frontal cortex/primary motor cortex 
D)  sensory signals -> lateral amygdala -> primary motor cortex 
E)  sensory signals -> central amygdala -> caudate nucleus/putamen -> primary motor cortex 
A)  sensory signals -> primary motor cortex -> premotor cortex -> basal ganglia 
B)  sensory signals -> globus pallidus -> caudate nucleus/putamen -> primary motor cortex 
C)  sensory signals -> caudate nucleus/putamen -> globus pallidus -> frontal cortex/primary motor cortex 
D)  sensory signals -> lateral amygdala -> primary motor cortex 
E)  sensory signals -> central amygdala -> caudate nucleus/putamen -> primary motor cortex

Question 11

Explain how relational learning is distinct from other forms of learning and explain the role of the hippocampus in relational learning.

Accepted Answer

Damage to the hippocampus does not alter

Question 12

The ________________ deficits in Parkinson's disease result in impairment of learning a visually cued operant conditioning task.

Accepted Answer

A)  substantia nigra 
B)  globus pallidus 
C)  basal ganglia 
D)  hypothalamus 
E)  cerebellum 
A)  substantia nigra 
B)  globus pallidus 
C)  basal ganglia 
D)  hypothalamus 
E)  cerebellum

Question 13

Long-term potentiation is associated with the movement of ________ to the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  NMDA receptors; tip of dendritic spines 
B)  AMPA receptors; base of dendritic spines 
C)  AMPA receptors; tip of dendritic spines 
D)  NMDA receptors; base of dendritic spines 
E)  Kappa receptors; base of dendritic spines 
A)  NMDA receptors; tip of dendritic spines 
B)  AMPA receptors; base of dendritic spines 
C)  AMPA receptors; tip of dendritic spines 
D)  NMDA receptors; base of dendritic spines 
E)  Kappa receptors; base of dendritic spines

Question 14

In a delayed matching-to-sample task, participants were shown an image of a famous landmark and were then asked to choose from various landmarks which one had been seen previously. In this case, the _______________ was activated in order to choose the correct landmark.

Accepted Answer

A)  parahippocampal place area 
B)  fusiform face area 
C)  inferior temporal cortex 
D)  posterior parietal cortex 
E)  anterior cingulate cortex 
A)  parahippocampal place area 
B)  fusiform face area 
C)  inferior temporal cortex 
D)  posterior parietal cortex 
E)  anterior cingulate cortex

Question 15

Which is an example of perceptual learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  realizing that your friend colored her hair blue 
B)  remembering how to play the piano 
C)  knowing how to calculate a math problem in your head 
D)  understanding your relationship to your parents 
E)  recalling the lyrics to your favorite song 
A)  realizing that your friend colored her hair blue 
B)  remembering how to play the piano 
C)  knowing how to calculate a math problem in your head 
D)  understanding your relationship to your parents 
E)  recalling the lyrics to your favorite song

Question 16

Damage to the ________ disrupts ________ in pigeons.

Accepted Answer

A)  amygdala; stimulus-response learning 
B)  hippocampus; implicit memory 
C)  amygdala; explicit memory 
D)  hippocampus; spatial navigation 
E)  frontal cortex; spatial navigation 
A)  amygdala; stimulus-response learning 
B)  hippocampus; implicit memory 
C)  amygdala; explicit memory 
D)  hippocampus; spatial navigation 
E)  frontal cortex; spatial navigation

Question 17

Damage to the caudate nucleus/putamen in rats would be expected to

Accepted Answer

A)  impair the acquisition of a stimulus-response relationship. 
B)  promote the formation of new motor memories. 
C)  impair episodic memory. 
D)  impair instrumental conditioning. 
E)  impair spatial memory. 
A)  impair the acquisition of a stimulus-response relationship. 
B)  promote the formation of new motor memories. 
C)  impair episodic memory. 
D)  impair instrumental conditioning. 
E)  impair spatial memory.

Question 18

The Morris water maze can be viewed as a test of ________ when the rats are _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  semantic learning; released from the same point in the maze on each trial 
B)  relational learning; released from the same point in the maze on each trial 
C)  relational learning; released from a different point of the maze on each trial 
D)  nonrelational learning; released from a different point of the maze on each trial 
E)  perceptual memory; placed directly onto the platform 
A)  semantic learning; released from the same point in the maze on each trial 
B)  relational learning; released from the same point in the maze on each trial 
C)  relational learning; released from a different point of the maze on each trial 
D)  nonrelational learning; released from a different point of the maze on each trial 
E)  perceptual memory; placed directly onto the platform

Question 19

In ______________ conditioning, the individual receives a consequence that either increases or decreases the likelihood of the preceding behavior.

Accepted Answer

operant or

Question 20

An example of relational learning is

Accepted Answer

A)  recognizing a familiar stimulus. 
B)  salivating in response to a favorite food. 
C)  forming a mental map of a room based on your experience in the room. 
D)  practicing a golf swing repeatedly results in more accurate strokes. 
E)  failing to respond to a loud sound given repeatedly. 
A)  recognizing a familiar stimulus. 
B)  salivating in response to a favorite food. 
C)  forming a mental map of a room based on your experience in the room. 
D)  practicing a golf swing repeatedly results in more accurate strokes. 
E)  failing to respond to a loud sound given repeatedly.

In classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus

Describe the role of dopamine in reinforcing brain stimulation.

The major finding of the study by Standing (1973), in which subjects were shown 10,000 slides and then tested for recognition at various times thereafter, was that

Based on the study of Patient H.M., it has been concluded that the hippocampus is

Which of the following is an explanation of hippocampal damage produced by anoxia?

Damage to human visual association cortex would be expected to impair the ability to

Compare the memory problems that occur in anterograde amnesia with those of retrograde amnesia.

The notion that episodic memories are distinct from semantic memories is supported by studies in which

The _____________ is involved in converting short-term memories into long-term memories.

The flow of information into and from the basal ganglia is

Explain how relational learning is distinct from other forms of learning and explain the role of the hippocampus in relational learning.

The ________________ deficits in Parkinson's disease result in impairment of learning a visually cued operant conditioning task.

Long-term potentiation is associated with the movement of __ to the _.

In a delayed matching-to-sample task, participants were shown an image of a famous landmark and were then asked to choose from various landmarks which one had been seen previously. In this case, the _______________ was activated in order to choose the correct landmark.

Which is an example of perceptual learning?

Damage to the disrupts in pigeons.

Damage to the caudate nucleus/putamen in rats would be expected to

The Morris water maze can be viewed as a test of __ when the rats are _.

In ______________ conditioning, the individual receives a consequence that either increases or decreases the likelihood of the preceding behavior.

An example of relational learning is

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Substance Abuse

Filters

Exam 13: Learning and Memory

In classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus

Describe the role of dopamine in reinforcing brain stimulation.

The major finding of the study by Standing (1973), in which subjects were shown 10,000 slides and then tested for recognition at various times thereafter, was that

Based on the study of Patient H.M., it has been concluded that the hippocampus is

Which of the following is an explanation of hippocampal damage produced by anoxia?

Damage to human visual association cortex would be expected to impair the ability to

Compare the memory problems that occur in anterograde amnesia with those of retrograde amnesia.

The notion that episodic memories are distinct from semantic memories is supported by studies in which

The _____________ is involved in converting short-term memories into long-term memories.

The flow of information into and from the basal ganglia is

Explain how relational learning is distinct from other forms of learning and explain the role of the hippocampus in relational learning.

The ________________ deficits in Parkinson's disease result in impairment of learning a visually cued operant conditioning task.

Long-term potentiation is associated with the movement of ________ to the _______.

In a delayed matching-to-sample task, participants were shown an image of a famous landmark and were then asked to choose from various landmarks which one had been seen previously. In this case, the _______________ was activated in order to choose the correct landmark.

Which is an example of perceptual learning?

Damage to the ________ disrupts ________ in pigeons.

Damage to the caudate nucleus/putamen in rats would be expected to

The Morris water maze can be viewed as a test of ________ when the rats are _______.

In ______________ conditioning, the individual receives a consequence that either increases or decreases the likelihood of the preceding behavior.

An example of relational learning is

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Substance Abuse

Filters

Long-term potentiation is associated with the movement of __ to the _.

Damage to the disrupts in pigeons.

The Morris water maze can be viewed as a test of __ when the rats are _.