Question 1

To increase adherence in pediatric patients a prescription medication should:

Accepted Answer

A)  Have a short half-life 
B)  Be the best tasting of the effective drugs 
C)  Be the least concentrated form of the medication 
D)  Be administered 3 or 4 times a day 
A)  Have a short half-life 
B)  Be the best tasting of the effective drugs 
C)  Be the least concentrated form of the medication 
D)  Be administered 3 or 4 times a day B

Question 2

Topical corticosteroids are prescribed cautiously in young children because:

Accepted Answer

A)  They may cause an intense hypersensitivity reaction 
B)  Of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression 
C)  Corticosteroids are less effective in young children 
D)  Young children may accumulate corticosteroids, leading to toxic levels 
A)  They may cause an intense hypersensitivity reaction 
B)  Of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression 
C)  Corticosteroids are less effective in young children 
D)  Young children may accumulate corticosteroids, leading to toxic levels B

Question 3

Zia is a 4-month-old patient with otitis media. Education of his parents regarding administering oral antibiotics to an infant includes:

Accepted Answer

A)  How to administer an oral drug using a medication syringe 
B)  Mixing the medication with a couple of ounces of formula and putting it in a bottle 
C)  Discontinuing the antibiotic if diarrhea occurs 
D)  Calling for an antibiotic change if the infant chokes and sputters during administration 
A)  How to administer an oral drug using a medication syringe 
B)  Mixing the medication with a couple of ounces of formula and putting it in a bottle 
C)  Discontinuing the antibiotic if diarrhea occurs 
D)  Calling for an antibiotic change if the infant chokes and sputters during administration A

Question 4

Drugs that are absolutely contraindicated in lactating women include:

Accepted Answer

A)  Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 
B)  Antiepileptic drugs such as carbamazepine 
C)  Antineoplastic drugs such as methotrexate 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 
B)  Antiepileptic drugs such as carbamazepine 
C)  Antineoplastic drugs such as methotrexate 
D)  All of the above

Question 5

Developmental variation in renal function has what impact on prescribing for infants and children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lower doses of renally excreted drugs may be prescribed to infants younger than age 6 months. 
B)  Higher doses of water soluble drugs may need to be prescribed because of increased renal excretion. 
C)  Renal excretion rates have no impact on prescribing. 
D)  Parents need to be instructed on whether drugs are renally excreted or not. 
A)  Lower doses of renally excreted drugs may be prescribed to infants younger than age 6 months. 
B)  Higher doses of water soluble drugs may need to be prescribed because of increased renal excretion. 
C)  Renal excretion rates have no impact on prescribing. 
D)  Parents need to be instructed on whether drugs are renally excreted or not.

Question 6

The developmental variation in Phase I enzymes has what impact on pediatric prescribing?

Accepted Answer

A)  None, Phase I enzymes are stable throughout childhood. 
B)  Children should always be prescribed lower than adult doses per weight due to low enzyme activity until puberty. 
C)  Children should always be prescribed higher than adult doses per weight due to high enzyme activity. 
D)  Prescribing dosages will vary based on the developmental activity of each enzyme, at times requiring lower than adult doses and other times higher than adult doses based on the age of the child. 
A)  None, Phase I enzymes are stable throughout childhood. 
B)  Children should always be prescribed lower than adult doses per weight due to low enzyme activity until puberty. 
C)  Children should always be prescribed higher than adult doses per weight due to high enzyme activity. 
D)  Prescribing dosages will vary based on the developmental activity of each enzyme, at times requiring lower than adult doses and other times higher than adult doses based on the age of the child.

Question 7

Janie is a 5-month-old breastfed infant with a fever. Treatment for her fever may include:

Accepted Answer

A)  "Baby" aspirin 
B)  Acetaminophen suppository 
C)  Ibuprofen suppository 
D)  Alternating acetaminophen and ibuprofen 
A)  "Baby" aspirin 
B)  Acetaminophen suppository 
C)  Ibuprofen suppository 
D)  Alternating acetaminophen and ibuprofen

Question 8

The Pediatric Research Equity Acts requires:

Accepted Answer

A)  All children be provided equal access to drug research trials 
B)  Children to be included in the planning phase of new drug development 
C)  That pediatric drug trials guarantee children of multiple ethnic groups are included 
D)  All applications for new active ingredients, new indications, new dosage forms, or new routes of administration require pediatric studies 
A)  All children be provided equal access to drug research trials 
B)  Children to be included in the planning phase of new drug development 
C)  That pediatric drug trials guarantee children of multiple ethnic groups are included 
D)  All applications for new active ingredients, new indications, new dosage forms, or new routes of administration require pediatric studies

Question 9

The Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act:

Accepted Answer

A)  Includes a pediatric exclusivity rule which extends the patent on drugs studied in children 
B)  Establishes a committee that writes guidelines for pediatric prescribing 
C)  Provides funding for new drug development aimed at children 
D)  Encourages manufacturers specifically to develop pediatric formulations 
A)  Includes a pediatric exclusivity rule which extends the patent on drugs studied in children 
B)  Establishes a committee that writes guidelines for pediatric prescribing 
C)  Provides funding for new drug development aimed at children 
D)  Encourages manufacturers specifically to develop pediatric formulations

Question 10

Liza is breastfeeding her 2-month-old son and has an infection that requires an antibiotic. What drug factors influence the effect of the drug on the infant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Maternal drug levels 
B)  Half-life 
C)  Lipid-solubility 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Maternal drug levels 
B)  Half-life 
C)  Lipid-solubility 
D)  All of the above

Exam 50: Children As Patients

To increase adherence in pediatric patients a prescription medication should:

Topical corticosteroids are prescribed cautiously in young children because:

Zia is a 4-month-old patient with otitis media. Education of his parents regarding administering oral antibiotics to an infant includes:

Drugs that are absolutely contraindicated in lactating women include:

Developmental variation in renal function has what impact on prescribing for infants and children?

The developmental variation in Phase I enzymes has what impact on pediatric prescribing?

Janie is a 5-month-old breastfed infant with a fever. Treatment for her fever may include:

The Pediatric Research Equity Acts requires:

The Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act:

Liza is breastfeeding her 2-month-old son and has an infection that requires an antibiotic. What drug factors influence the effect of the drug on the infant?

The Role of the Nurse Practitioner

Review of Basic Principles of Pharmacology

Rational Drug Selection

Legal and Professional Issues in Prescribing

Adverse Drug Reactions

Factors That Foster Positive Outcomes

Cultural and Ethnic Influences in Pharmacotherapeutics

An Introduction to Pharmacogenomics

Nutrition and Nutraceuticals

Herbal Therapy and Nutritional Supplements

Information Technology and Pharmacotherapeutics

Pharmacoeconomics

Over-The-Counter Medications

Drugs Affecting the Autonomic Nervous System

Drugs Affecting the Central Nervous System

Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular and Renal Systems

Drugs Affecting the Respiratory System

Drugs Affecting the Hematopoietic System

Drugs Affecting the Immune System

Drugs Affecting the Gastrointestinal System

Drugs Affecting the Endocrine System

Drugs Affecting the Reproductive System

Drugs Affecting the Integumentary System

Drugs Used in Treating Infectious Diseases

Drugs Used in Treating Inflammatory Processes

Drugs Used in Treating Eye and Ear Disorders

Anemia

Chronic Stable Angina and Low-Risk Unstable Angina

Anxiety and Depression

Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Contraception

Dermatologic Conditions

Diabetes Mellitus

Gastroesophageal Reflux and Peptic Ulcer Disease

Headaches

Heart Failure

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Hormone Replacement Therapy and Osteoporosis

Hyperlipidemia

Hypertension

Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism

Pneumonia

Smoking Cessation

Sexually Transmitted Infections and Vaginitis

Tuberculosis

Upper Respiratory Infections, Otitis Media, and Otitis Externa

Urinary Tract Infections

Women As Patients

Men As Patients

Geriatric Patients

Pain Management: Acute and Chronic Pain

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