Question 1

Combined alpha-beta antagonists are used to reduce the progression of heart failure because they:

Accepted Answer

A)  Vasodilate the peripheral vasculature 
B)  Decrease cardiac output 
C)  Increase renal vascular resistance 
D)  Reduce atherosclerosis secondary to elevated serum lipoproteins 
A)  Vasodilate the peripheral vasculature 
B)  Decrease cardiac output 
C)  Increase renal vascular resistance 
D)  Reduce atherosclerosis secondary to elevated serum lipoproteins A

Question 2

John has clonidine, a centrally acting adrenergic blocker, prescribed for his hypertension. He should:

Accepted Answer

A)  Not miss a dose or stop taking the drug because of potential rebound hypertension 
B)  Increase fiber in the diet to treat any diarrhea that may occur 
C)  Reduce fluid intake to less than 2 liters per day to prevent fluid retention 
D)  Avoid sitting for long periods, as this can lead to deep vein thrombosis 
A)  Not miss a dose or stop taking the drug because of potential rebound hypertension 
B)  Increase fiber in the diet to treat any diarrhea that may occur 
C)  Reduce fluid intake to less than 2 liters per day to prevent fluid retention 
D)  Avoid sitting for long periods, as this can lead to deep vein thrombosis A

Question 3

To prevent life-threatening events from rapid withdrawal of a beta blocker:

Accepted Answer

A)  The dosage interval should be increased by 1 hour each day. 
B)  An alpha blocker should be added to the treatment regimen before withdrawal. 
C)  The dosage should be tapered over a period of weeks. 
D)  The dosage should be decreased by one-half every 4 days. 
A)  The dosage interval should be increased by 1 hour each day. 
B)  An alpha blocker should be added to the treatment regimen before withdrawal. 
C)  The dosage should be tapered over a period of weeks. 
D)  The dosage should be decreased by one-half every 4 days. D

Question 4

Alpha-beta blockers are especially effective to treat hypertension for which ethnic group?

Accepted Answer

A)  White 
B)  Asian 
C)  African American 
D)  Native American 
A)  White 
B)  Asian 
C)  African American 
D)  Native American

Question 5

Anticholinesterase inhibitors are used to treat:

Accepted Answer

A)  Peptic ulcer disease 
B)  Myasthenia gravis 
C)  Both 1 and 2 
D)  Neither 1 nor 2 
A)  Peptic ulcer disease 
B)  Myasthenia gravis 
C)  Both 1 and 2 
D)  Neither 1 nor 2

Question 6

Jim is being treated for hypertension. Because he has a history of heart attack, the drug chosen is atenolol. Beta blockers treat hypertension by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Increasing heart rate to improve cardiac output 
B)  Reducing vascular smooth muscle tone 
C)  Increasing aldosterone-mediated volume activity 
D)  Reducing aqueous humor production 
A)  Increasing heart rate to improve cardiac output 
B)  Reducing vascular smooth muscle tone 
C)  Increasing aldosterone-mediated volume activity 
D)  Reducing aqueous humor production

Question 7

A patient presents with a complaint of dark stools and epigastric pain described as gnawing and burning. Which of the medications is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acetaminophen 
B)  Estradiol 
C)  Donepezil 
D)  Bethanechol 
A)  Acetaminophen 
B)  Estradiol 
C)  Donepezil 
D)  Bethanechol

Question 8

Beta blockers are prescribed for diabetics with caution because of their ability to produce hypoglycemia and block the common symptoms of it. Which of the following symptoms of hypoglycemia is not blocked by these drugs and so can be used to warn diabetics of possible decreased blood glucose?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dizziness 
B)  Increased heart rate 
C)  Nervousness and shakiness 
D)  Diaphoresis 
A)  Dizziness 
B)  Increased heart rate 
C)  Nervousness and shakiness 
D)  Diaphoresis

Question 9

Clonidine has several off-label uses, including:

Accepted Answer

A)  Alcohol and nicotine withdrawal 
B)  Post-herpetic neuralgia 
C)  Both 1 and 2 
D)  Neither 1 nor 2 
A)  Alcohol and nicotine withdrawal 
B)  Post-herpetic neuralgia 
C)  Both 1 and 2 
D)  Neither 1 nor 2

Question 10

Cholinergic blockers are used to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Counteract the extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) effects of phenothiazines 
B)  Control tremors and relax smooth muscle in Parkinson's disease 
C)  Inhibit the muscarinic action of ACh on bladder muscle 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Counteract the extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) effects of phenothiazines 
B)  Control tremors and relax smooth muscle in Parkinson's disease 
C)  Inhibit the muscarinic action of ACh on bladder muscle 
D)  All of the above

Question 11

Activation of central alpha2 receptors results in inhibition of cardioacceleration and ______________ centers in the brain.

Accepted Answer

A)  Vasodilation 
B)  Vasoconstriction 
C)  Cardiovascular 
D)  Respiratory 
A)  Vasodilation 
B)  Vasoconstriction 
C)  Cardiovascular 
D)  Respiratory

Question 12

You are managing the care of a patient recently diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). He is taking tamsulosin but reports dizziness when standing abruptly. The best option for this patient is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Continue the tamsulosin because the side effect will resolve with continued treatment. 
B)  Discontinue the tamsulosin and start doxazosin. 
C)  Have him double his fluid intake and stand more slowly. 
D)  Prescribe meclizine as needed for the dizziness. 
A)  Continue the tamsulosin because the side effect will resolve with continued treatment. 
B)  Discontinue the tamsulosin and start doxazosin. 
C)  Have him double his fluid intake and stand more slowly. 
D)  Prescribe meclizine as needed for the dizziness.

Question 13

Which of the following drugs should be used only when clearly needed in pregnant and breastfeeding women?

Accepted Answer

A)  Memantine 
B)  Pyridostigmine 
C)  Galantamine 
D)  Rivastigmine 
A)  Memantine 
B)  Pyridostigmine 
C)  Galantamine 
D)  Rivastigmine

Question 14

Success rates for smoking cessation using NRT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Are about the same regardless of the method chosen 
B)  Vary from 40% to 50% at 12 months 
C)  Both 1 and 2 
D)  Neither 1 nor 2 
A)  Are about the same regardless of the method chosen 
B)  Vary from 40% to 50% at 12 months 
C)  Both 1 and 2 
D)  Neither 1 nor 2

Question 15

Charlie is a 65-year-old male who has been diagnosed with hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Doxazosin has been chosen to treat his hypertension because it:

Accepted Answer

A)  Increases peripheral vasoconstriction 
B)  Decreases detrusor muscle contractility 
C)  Lowers supine blood pressure more than standing pressure 
D)  Relaxes smooth muscle in the bladder neck 
A)  Increases peripheral vasoconstriction 
B)  Decreases detrusor muscle contractility 
C)  Lowers supine blood pressure more than standing pressure 
D)  Relaxes smooth muscle in the bladder neck

Question 16

Abrupt withdrawal of beta blockers can be life threatening. Patients at highest risk for serious consequences of rapid withdrawal are those with:

Accepted Answer

A)  Angina 
B)  Coronary artery disease 
C)  Both 1 and 2 
D)  Neither 1 nor 2 
A)  Angina 
B)  Coronary artery disease 
C)  Both 1 and 2 
D)  Neither 1 nor 2

Question 17

Your patient calls for an appointment before going on vacation. Which medication should you ensure he has an adequate supply of before leaving to avoid life-threatening complications?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carvedilol 
B)  Donepezil 
C)  Bethanechol 
D)  Tacrine 
A)  Carvedilol 
B)  Donepezil 
C)  Bethanechol 
D)  Tacrine

Question 18

Adherence to beta blocker therapy may be affected by their:

Accepted Answer

A)  Short half-lives requiring twice daily dosing 
B)  Tendency to elevate lipid levels 
C)  Effects on the male genitalia, which may produce impotence 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Short half-lives requiring twice daily dosing 
B)  Tendency to elevate lipid levels 
C)  Effects on the male genitalia, which may produce impotence 
D)  None of the above

Question 19

Nicotine has a variety of effects on nicotinic receptors throughout the body. Which of the following is NOT an effect of nicotine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vasodilation and decreased heart rate 
B)  Increased secretion of gastric acid and motility of the GI smooth muscle 
C)  Release of dopamine at the pleasure center 
D)  Stimulation of the locus coeruleus 
A)  Vasodilation and decreased heart rate 
B)  Increased secretion of gastric acid and motility of the GI smooth muscle 
C)  Release of dopamine at the pleasure center 
D)  Stimulation of the locus coeruleus

Question 20

Nicotine gum products are:

Accepted Answer

A)  Chewed to release the nicotine and then swallowed for a systemic effect 
B)  "Parked" in the buccal area of the mouth to produce a constant amount of nicotine release 
C)  Bound to exchange resins so the nicotine is only released during chewing 
D)  Approximately the same in nicotine content as smoking two cigarettes 
A)  Chewed to release the nicotine and then swallowed for a systemic effect 
B)  "Parked" in the buccal area of the mouth to produce a constant amount of nicotine release 
C)  Bound to exchange resins so the nicotine is only released during chewing 
D)  Approximately the same in nicotine content as smoking two cigarettes

Exam 14: Drugs Affecting the Autonomic Nervous System

Combined alpha-beta antagonists are used to reduce the progression of heart failure because they:

John has clonidine, a centrally acting adrenergic blocker, prescribed for his hypertension. He should:

To prevent life-threatening events from rapid withdrawal of a beta blocker:

Alpha-beta blockers are especially effective to treat hypertension for which ethnic group?

Anticholinesterase inhibitors are used to treat:

Jim is being treated for hypertension. Because he has a history of heart attack, the drug chosen is atenolol. Beta blockers treat hypertension by:

A patient presents with a complaint of dark stools and epigastric pain described as gnawing and burning. Which of the medications is the most likely cause?

Beta blockers are prescribed for diabetics with caution because of their ability to produce hypoglycemia and block the common symptoms of it. Which of the following symptoms of hypoglycemia is not blocked by these drugs and so can be used to warn diabetics of possible decreased blood glucose?

Clonidine has several off-label uses, including:

Cholinergic blockers are used to:

Activation of central alpha2 receptors results in inhibition of cardioacceleration and ______________ centers in the brain.

You are managing the care of a patient recently diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). He is taking tamsulosin but reports dizziness when standing abruptly. The best option for this patient is:

Which of the following drugs should be used only when clearly needed in pregnant and breastfeeding women?

Success rates for smoking cessation using NRT:

Charlie is a 65-year-old male who has been diagnosed with hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Doxazosin has been chosen to treat his hypertension because it:

Abrupt withdrawal of beta blockers can be life threatening. Patients at highest risk for serious consequences of rapid withdrawal are those with:

Your patient calls for an appointment before going on vacation. Which medication should you ensure he has an adequate supply of before leaving to avoid life-threatening complications?

Adherence to beta blocker therapy may be affected by their:

Nicotine has a variety of effects on nicotinic receptors throughout the body. Which of the following is NOT an effect of nicotine?

Nicotine gum products are:

The Role of the Nurse Practitioner

Review of Basic Principles of Pharmacology

Rational Drug Selection

Legal and Professional Issues in Prescribing

Adverse Drug Reactions

Factors That Foster Positive Outcomes

Cultural and Ethnic Influences in Pharmacotherapeutics

An Introduction to Pharmacogenomics

Nutrition and Nutraceuticals

Herbal Therapy and Nutritional Supplements

Information Technology and Pharmacotherapeutics

Pharmacoeconomics

Over-The-Counter Medications

Drugs Affecting the Central Nervous System

Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular and Renal Systems

Drugs Affecting the Respiratory System

Drugs Affecting the Hematopoietic System

Drugs Affecting the Immune System

Drugs Affecting the Gastrointestinal System

Drugs Affecting the Endocrine System

Drugs Affecting the Reproductive System

Drugs Affecting the Integumentary System

Drugs Used in Treating Infectious Diseases

Drugs Used in Treating Inflammatory Processes

Drugs Used in Treating Eye and Ear Disorders

Anemia

Chronic Stable Angina and Low-Risk Unstable Angina

Anxiety and Depression

Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Contraception

Dermatologic Conditions

Diabetes Mellitus

Gastroesophageal Reflux and Peptic Ulcer Disease

Headaches

Heart Failure

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Hormone Replacement Therapy and Osteoporosis

Hyperlipidemia

Hypertension

Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism

Pneumonia

Smoking Cessation

Sexually Transmitted Infections and Vaginitis

Tuberculosis

Upper Respiratory Infections, Otitis Media, and Otitis Externa

Urinary Tract Infections

Women As Patients

Men As Patients

Children As Patients

Geriatric Patients

Pain Management: Acute and Chronic Pain

Filters

Activation of central alpha₂ receptors results in inhibition of cardioacceleration and ______________ centers in the brain.