Question 1

The intangible costs of drug therapy include:

Accepted Answer

A)  Loss of wages while undergoing therapy 
B)  Inconvenience, pain, and suffering incurred with therapy 
C)  Cost of medical equipment in the laboratory used to monitor therapeutic drug levels 
D)  Cost of prescription drug coverage, such as Medicare Part D 
A)  Loss of wages while undergoing therapy 
B)  Inconvenience, pain, and suffering incurred with therapy 
C)  Cost of medical equipment in the laboratory used to monitor therapeutic drug levels 
D)  Cost of prescription drug coverage, such as Medicare Part D B

Question 2

Indirect costs associated with drug therapy include:

Accepted Answer

A)  The cost of diagnostic tests to monitor therapeutic levels 
B)  Health-care provider time to prescribe and educate the patient 
C)  Child-care expenses incurred while receiving therapy 
D)  Loss of wages while undergoing drug therapy 
A)  The cost of diagnostic tests to monitor therapeutic levels 
B)  Health-care provider time to prescribe and educate the patient 
C)  Child-care expenses incurred while receiving therapy 
D)  Loss of wages while undergoing drug therapy D

Question 3

Mary has a two-tiered prescription benefit plan, which means:

Accepted Answer

A)  She can receive differing levels of care based on whether she chooses an "in-plan" provider or not. 
B)  She is eligible for the new Medicare Part D "donut hole" reduction of costs program. 
C)  She pays a higher copay for brand-name drugs than for generic drugs. 
D)  She must always choose to be treated with generic drugs first. 
A)  She can receive differing levels of care based on whether she chooses an "in-plan" provider or not. 
B)  She is eligible for the new Medicare Part D "donut hole" reduction of costs program. 
C)  She pays a higher copay for brand-name drugs than for generic drugs. 
D)  She must always choose to be treated with generic drugs first. C

Question 4

The "donut hole" in Medicare Part D:

Accepted Answer

A)  Will be totally eliminated with the federal health-care reform enacted in 2010 
B)  Refers to the period of time when annual individual drug costs are between $250 and $2,250 per year and drug costs are covered 75% 
C)  Refers to the period between when the annual individual drug costs are $2,970 and $4,750 and the patient pays 52.5% of the costs of brand name drugs (2013) 
D)  Has no effect on whether patients continue to fill their prescriptions during the coverage gap 
A)  Will be totally eliminated with the federal health-care reform enacted in 2010 
B)  Refers to the period of time when annual individual drug costs are between $250 and $2,250 per year and drug costs are covered 75% 
C)  Refers to the period between when the annual individual drug costs are $2,970 and $4,750 and the patient pays 52.5% of the costs of brand name drugs (2013) 
D)  Has no effect on whether patients continue to fill their prescriptions during the coverage gap

Question 5

Pharmacoeconomics is:

Accepted Answer

A)  The study of the part of the U.S. economy devoted to drug use 
B)  The study of the impact of prescription drug costs on the overall economy 
C)  The analysis of the costs and consequences of any health-care-related treatment or service 
D)  The analysis of the clinical efficacy of the drug 
A)  The study of the part of the U.S. economy devoted to drug use 
B)  The study of the impact of prescription drug costs on the overall economy 
C)  The analysis of the costs and consequences of any health-care-related treatment or service 
D)  The analysis of the clinical efficacy of the drug

Question 6

Cost-effectiveness analysis compares two or more treatments or programs that are:

Accepted Answer

A)  Not necessarily therapeutically equivalent 
B)  Considered equal in efficacy 
C)  Compared with the dollar value of the benefit received 
D)  Expressed in terms of patient preference or quality-adjusted life years 
A)  Not necessarily therapeutically equivalent 
B)  Considered equal in efficacy 
C)  Compared with the dollar value of the benefit received 
D)  Expressed in terms of patient preference or quality-adjusted life years

Question 7

James tells you that he is confused by his Medicare Part D coverage plan. An appropriate intervention would be:

Accepted Answer

A)  Order cognitive testing to determine the source of his confusion. 
B)  Sit down with him and explain the whole Medicare Part D process. 
C)  Refer him to the Medicare specialist in his insurance plan to explain the benefit to him. 
D)  Request his son come to the next appointment so you can explain the benefit to him. 
A)  Order cognitive testing to determine the source of his confusion. 
B)  Sit down with him and explain the whole Medicare Part D process. 
C)  Refer him to the Medicare specialist in his insurance plan to explain the benefit to him. 
D)  Request his son come to the next appointment so you can explain the benefit to him.

Question 8

When a pharmacoeconomic analysis looks at two or more treatment alternatives that are considered equal in efficacy and compares the costs of each it is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  Cost-minimization analysis 
B)  Cost-of-illness analysis 
C)  Cost-effectiveness analysis 
D)  Cost-benefit analysis 
A)  Cost-minimization analysis 
B)  Cost-of-illness analysis 
C)  Cost-effectiveness analysis 
D)  Cost-benefit analysis

Question 9

Prescribing less-expensive generic drugs or drugs off the $4 retail pharmacy lists:

Accepted Answer

A)  Increases the complexity of the pharmacoeconomics of prescribing for the individual patient 
B)  Increases compliance by reducing the financial burden of drug costs to the patient 
C)  Is not sound prescribing practice due to the inferiority of the generic products 
D)  Will increase the overall cost of drugs to the system due to the ease of overprescribing less-expensive drugs 
A)  Increases the complexity of the pharmacoeconomics of prescribing for the individual patient 
B)  Increases compliance by reducing the financial burden of drug costs to the patient 
C)  Is not sound prescribing practice due to the inferiority of the generic products 
D)  Will increase the overall cost of drugs to the system due to the ease of overprescribing less-expensive drugs

Question 10

The direct costs of drug therapy include:

Accepted Answer

A)  The actual cost of acquiring the medication 
B)  The loss of income due to illness 
C)  Pain and suffering due to inadequate drug therapy 
D)  The cost of a funeral associated with premature death 
A)  The actual cost of acquiring the medication 
B)  The loss of income due to illness 
C)  Pain and suffering due to inadequate drug therapy 
D)  The cost of a funeral associated with premature death

Question 11

Research has shown that when patients who are covered by Medicare Part D reach the "donut hole" in coverage they:

Accepted Answer

A)  Ask for extra refills of medication to get them through the months of no coverage 
B)  Fill their prescriptions less frequently, including critical medications such as warfarin or a statin 
C)  Fill their critical medications, but hold off on filling less-critical medications 
D)  Demonstrate no change in their prescription filling pattern 
A)  Ask for extra refills of medication to get them through the months of no coverage 
B)  Fill their prescriptions less frequently, including critical medications such as warfarin or a statin 
C)  Fill their critical medications, but hold off on filling less-critical medications 
D)  Demonstrate no change in their prescription filling pattern

Question 12

When the costs of a specific treatment or intervention are calculated and then compared with the dollar value of the benefit received it is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  Cost-minimization analysis 
B)  Cost-of-illness analysis 
C)  Cost-effectiveness analysis 
D)  Cost-benefit analysis 
A)  Cost-minimization analysis 
B)  Cost-of-illness analysis 
C)  Cost-effectiveness analysis 
D)  Cost-benefit analysis

Exam 12: Pharmacoeconomics

The intangible costs of drug therapy include:

Indirect costs associated with drug therapy include:

Mary has a two-tiered prescription benefit plan, which means:

The "donut hole" in Medicare Part D:

Pharmacoeconomics is:

Cost-effectiveness analysis compares two or more treatments or programs that are:

James tells you that he is confused by his Medicare Part D coverage plan. An appropriate intervention would be:

When a pharmacoeconomic analysis looks at two or more treatment alternatives that are considered equal in efficacy and compares the costs of each it is referred to as:

Prescribing less-expensive generic drugs or drugs off the $4 retail pharmacy lists:

The direct costs of drug therapy include:

Research has shown that when patients who are covered by Medicare Part D reach the "donut hole" in coverage they:

When the costs of a specific treatment or intervention are calculated and then compared with the dollar value of the benefit received it is referred to as:

The Role of the Nurse Practitioner

Review of Basic Principles of Pharmacology

Rational Drug Selection

Legal and Professional Issues in Prescribing

Adverse Drug Reactions

Factors That Foster Positive Outcomes

Cultural and Ethnic Influences in Pharmacotherapeutics

An Introduction to Pharmacogenomics

Nutrition and Nutraceuticals

Herbal Therapy and Nutritional Supplements

Information Technology and Pharmacotherapeutics

Over-The-Counter Medications

Drugs Affecting the Autonomic Nervous System

Drugs Affecting the Central Nervous System

Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular and Renal Systems

Drugs Affecting the Respiratory System

Drugs Affecting the Hematopoietic System

Drugs Affecting the Immune System

Drugs Affecting the Gastrointestinal System

Drugs Affecting the Endocrine System

Drugs Affecting the Reproductive System

Drugs Affecting the Integumentary System

Drugs Used in Treating Infectious Diseases

Drugs Used in Treating Inflammatory Processes

Drugs Used in Treating Eye and Ear Disorders

Anemia

Chronic Stable Angina and Low-Risk Unstable Angina

Anxiety and Depression

Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Contraception

Dermatologic Conditions

Diabetes Mellitus

Gastroesophageal Reflux and Peptic Ulcer Disease

Headaches

Heart Failure

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Hormone Replacement Therapy and Osteoporosis

Hyperlipidemia

Hypertension

Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism

Pneumonia

Smoking Cessation

Sexually Transmitted Infections and Vaginitis

Tuberculosis

Upper Respiratory Infections, Otitis Media, and Otitis Externa

Urinary Tract Infections

Women As Patients

Men As Patients

Children As Patients

Geriatric Patients

Pain Management: Acute and Chronic Pain

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