Question 1

Piaget's interpretation of the A-not-B effect is questionable because __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  others have not been able to replicate Piaget's findings 
B)  infants say they know where the object is even while they look in the wrong location 
C)  he always made sure that the first location was more interesting-looking than the second location so that infants would be drawn to the former 
D)  infants often look at the correct location while they reach for the wrong location 
A)  others have not been able to replicate Piaget's findings 
B)  infants say they know where the object is even while they look in the wrong location 
C)  he always made sure that the first location was more interesting-looking than the second location so that infants would be drawn to the former 
D)  infants often look at the correct location while they reach for the wrong location

Question 2

What was the essence of Gilligan's critique of Kohlberg's research on moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)  that it was not cross-culturally valid 
B)  that it was based on unrepresentative samples of participants 
C)  that it reflected male moral reasoning more than female moral reasoning 
D)  that it applied only to less technologically advanced societies 
A)  that it was not cross-culturally valid 
B)  that it was based on unrepresentative samples of participants 
C)  that it reflected male moral reasoning more than female moral reasoning 
D)  that it applied only to less technologically advanced societies

Question 3

Object permanence refers to the child's awareness that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a variety of actions can be coordinated into one organized schema 
B)  the mass of an object does not change despite transformations in the shape of the object 
C)  objects exist independent of one's direct perception of or actions on them 
D)  certain motor patterns can become permanently associated with specific environmental objects 
E)  rough handling can cause objects to break 
A)  a variety of actions can be coordinated into one organized schema 
B)  the mass of an object does not change despite transformations in the shape of the object 
C)  objects exist independent of one's direct perception of or actions on them 
D)  certain motor patterns can become permanently associated with specific environmental objects 
E)  rough handling can cause objects to break

Question 4

Bowlby argues that infants __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  form attachments in order to satisfy their basic biological needs, especially hunger, comfort, and warmth 
B)  find social interactions intrinsically rewarding 
C)  seek social interaction only when they are hungry or thirsty 
D)  outgrow their attachments by the time they are able to move around by themselves 
A)  form attachments in order to satisfy their basic biological needs, especially hunger, comfort, and warmth 
B)  find social interactions intrinsically rewarding 
C)  seek social interaction only when they are hungry or thirsty 
D)  outgrow their attachments by the time they are able to move around by themselves

Question 5

A teratogen is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a genetic defect that occurs when two recessive genes are paired at conception 
B)  any environmental agent that can damage the developing baby 
C)  a fertilized egg that undergoes rapid cell division 
D)  any physical defect in an unborn child 
A)  a genetic defect that occurs when two recessive genes are paired at conception 
B)  any environmental agent that can damage the developing baby 
C)  a fertilized egg that undergoes rapid cell division 
D)  any physical defect in an unborn child

Question 6

Recent research indicates that 3-month-olds __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  think that any physical contact is enough to provide support 
B)  are comparable to 6-month-olds in their understanding of support 
C)  understand that an object will only support a target object if the support is underneath the target 
D)  expect all objects to fall when dropped because they have no understanding of physical support 
A)  think that any physical contact is enough to provide support 
B)  are comparable to 6-month-olds in their understanding of support 
C)  understand that an object will only support a target object if the support is underneath the target 
D)  expect all objects to fall when dropped because they have no understanding of physical support

Question 7

Nine-month-old Tanika watches her father repeatedly hide her favorite toy in a basket on her right. Each time, she reaches for the basket and pulls out the toy. After several such hidings, the father, in full view of Tanika, moves the toy to a box on Tanika's left. Most likely, Tanika will __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  demonstrate the A-not-B effect by reaching in the box for the toy 
B)  demonstrate the A-not-B effect by reaching into the basket for the toy 
C)  reach into the basket for the toy, thereby failing to demonstrate the A-not-B effect 
D)  demonstrate a mature concept of object permanence by reaching into the basket for the toy 
A)  demonstrate the A-not-B effect by reaching in the box for the toy 
B)  demonstrate the A-not-B effect by reaching into the basket for the toy 
C)  reach into the basket for the toy, thereby failing to demonstrate the A-not-B effect 
D)  demonstrate a mature concept of object permanence by reaching into the basket for the toy

Question 8

Once adults pass their physical peak in their twenties, most will experience __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a rapid, steady decline in all areas of physical function 
B)  no noticeable declines in any area of physical function 
C)  slow, steady improvements in physical strength and stamina 
D)  a slow, steady decline in all areas of physical function 
A)  a rapid, steady decline in all areas of physical function 
B)  no noticeable declines in any area of physical function 
C)  slow, steady improvements in physical strength and stamina 
D)  a slow, steady decline in all areas of physical function

Question 9

As compared to other periods in the life span, how prevalent are emotional crises during one's forties?

Accepted Answer

A)  Emotional crises are less common in one's forties than during other periods. 
B)  Emotional crises are about as common in one's forties as during other periods. 
C)  Emotional crises are slightly more common in one's forties than during other periods. 
D)  Emotional crises are much more common in one's forties than during other periods. 
A)  Emotional crises are less common in one's forties than during other periods. 
B)  Emotional crises are about as common in one's forties as during other periods. 
C)  Emotional crises are slightly more common in one's forties than during other periods. 
D)  Emotional crises are much more common in one's forties than during other periods.

Question 10

Recent studies suggest that Piaget's methods may have led him to underestimate the understanding of number conservation in young children. A particular problem with his methods is that children __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  may change their answers simply because they were asked the same question twice (Does this row have more or less than this row?) 
B)  easily confuse more and less to mean longer and shorter 
C)  may forget the question in the time it takes the experimenter to rearrange the items in one row 
D)  may think that the point of this game is to fool the experimenter by giving the wrong answer 
A)  may change their answers simply because they were asked the same question twice (Does this row have more or less than this row?) 
B)  easily confuse more and less to mean longer and shorter 
C)  may forget the question in the time it takes the experimenter to rearrange the items in one row 
D)  may think that the point of this game is to fool the experimenter by giving the wrong answer

Question 11

Some researchers have suggested reducing temperament to three basic dimensions, as opposed to the "easy," "difficult," and "slow to warm up" scheme. These three dimensions are __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  strongly reflective of nurture 
B)  somewhat reflective of nurture 
C)  somewhat reflective of nature 
D)  strongly reflective of nature 
A)  strongly reflective of nurture 
B)  somewhat reflective of nurture 
C)  somewhat reflective of nature 
D)  strongly reflective of nature

Question 12

You and a friend are watching a family of kittens play in a neighbor's yard. Your friend asks why human childhood is so much longer than kittenhood, puppyhood, and so on. Recalling the Development chapter in your psychology text, you answer:

Accepted Answer

A)  "Hmm. I guess that's just the way it is." 
B)  "Humans require so many more complex physical skills than do other species that it takes them a much longer time to develop." 
C)  "It's part of God's design." 
D)  "Humans' environments are more complex and varied than those of other species. An extended developmental period allows us to acquire the flexibility to adapt to such environments." 
A)  "Hmm. I guess that's just the way it is." 
B)  "Humans require so many more complex physical skills than do other species that it takes them a much longer time to develop." 
C)  "It's part of God's design." 
D)  "Humans' environments are more complex and varied than those of other species. An extended developmental period allows us to acquire the flexibility to adapt to such environments."

Question 13

Children of __________ parents are more likely than are children of other types of parents to cheat, and less likely to confess transgressions when confronted. These children appear to reflect the __________ level of moral development.

Accepted Answer

A)  authoritative; preconventional 
B)  authoritative; postconventional. 
C)  authoritarian; preconventional. 
D)  authoritarian; postconventional. 
A)  authoritative; preconventional 
B)  authoritative; postconventional. 
C)  authoritarian; preconventional. 
D)  authoritarian; postconventional.

Question 14

Prenatally, the decrease in the number of neurons in the brain is most dramatic __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  in the final trimester 
B)  2 to 4 months after conception 
C)  4 to 6 months after conception 
D)  in the first month after conception 
A)  in the final trimester 
B)  2 to 4 months after conception 
C)  4 to 6 months after conception 
D)  in the first month after conception

Question 15

Which of the following statements BEST characterizes Jean Piaget's legacy in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Piaget's work has largely been discredited by later psychologists. 
B)  Piaget's claims have largely been supported by later psychologists. 
C)  Some of Piaget's claims have been disputed by later psychologists. 
D)  Piaget's claims have largely been ignored by later psychologists. 
A)  Piaget's work has largely been discredited by later psychologists. 
B)  Piaget's claims have largely been supported by later psychologists. 
C)  Some of Piaget's claims have been disputed by later psychologists. 
D)  Piaget's claims have largely been ignored by later psychologists.

Question 16

There is a severe drought, and a ban on outdoor watering is in effect. The Dodges decide they will not wash their car because they realize that if everyone washed a car, the town might not have drinking water. Their reasoning places them in which of Kohlberg's stages?

Accepted Answer

A)  preconventional 
B)  conventional 
C)  unconventional 
D)  postconventional 
A)  preconventional 
B)  conventional 
C)  unconventional 
D)  postconventional

Question 17

Studies of infants' understanding of occlusion of one object by another suggest that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the infant understands that the parts of objects are connected even when hidden 
B)  the infant must have extensive experience with overlapping objects before understanding that the parts of objects remain connected even when hidden 
C)  infants at 4 months of age are not surprised when a rod hidden behind a block is shown to be made up of two separate parts 
D)  4-month-old infants lack a sense of object permanence 
A)  the infant understands that the parts of objects are connected even when hidden 
B)  the infant must have extensive experience with overlapping objects before understanding that the parts of objects remain connected even when hidden 
C)  infants at 4 months of age are not surprised when a rod hidden behind a block is shown to be made up of two separate parts 
D)  4-month-old infants lack a sense of object permanence

Question 18

With respect to menopause, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only some women experience hot flashes. 
B)  Most women experience irritability or depression during menopause. 
C)  Many women greet menopause with relief. 
D)  Menopause usually occurs when a woman is around 50. 
A)  Only some women experience hot flashes. 
B)  Most women experience irritability or depression during menopause. 
C)  Many women greet menopause with relief. 
D)  Menopause usually occurs when a woman is around 50.

Question 19

Harlow found that monkeys that spend their first 3 months without human or animal contact and are then exposed to social contact __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  show minimal long-term effects of the early isolation 
B)  spend most of their time rocking and biting themselves 
C)  are sexually incompetent as adults 
D)  demonstrate very disturbed parental behavior 
A)  show minimal long-term effects of the early isolation 
B)  spend most of their time rocking and biting themselves 
C)  are sexually incompetent as adults 
D)  demonstrate very disturbed parental behavior

Question 20

During adolescence, neuronal myelination proceeds gradually in the __________ lobe, a brain region implicated in self-regulation.

Accepted Answer

A)  parietal 
B)  occipital 
C)  temporal 
D)  frontal 
A)  parietal 
B)  occipital 
C)  temporal 
D)  frontal

Piaget's interpretation of the A-not-B effect is questionable because __________.

What was the essence of Gilligan's critique of Kohlberg's research on moral reasoning?

Object permanence refers to the child's awareness that __________.

Bowlby argues that infants __________.

A teratogen is __________.

Recent research indicates that 3-month-olds __________.

Once adults pass their physical peak in their twenties, most will experience __________.

As compared to other periods in the life span, how prevalent are emotional crises during one's forties?

Recent studies suggest that Piaget's methods may have led him to underestimate the understanding of number conservation in young children. A particular problem with his methods is that children __________.

Some researchers have suggested reducing temperament to three basic dimensions, as opposed to the "easy," "difficult," and "slow to warm up" scheme. These three dimensions are __________.

You and a friend are watching a family of kittens play in a neighbor's yard. Your friend asks why human childhood is so much longer than kittenhood, puppyhood, and so on. Recalling the Development chapter in your psychology text, you answer:

Children of parents are more likely than are children of other types of parents to cheat, and less likely to confess transgressions when confronted. These children appear to reflect the level of moral development.

Prenatally, the decrease in the number of neurons in the brain is most dramatic __________.

Which of the following statements BEST characterizes Jean Piaget's legacy in psychology?

There is a severe drought, and a ban on outdoor watering is in effect. The Dodges decide they will not wash their car because they realize that if everyone washed a car, the town might not have drinking water. Their reasoning places them in which of Kohlberg's stages?

Studies of infants' understanding of occlusion of one object by another suggest that __________.

With respect to menopause, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Harlow found that monkeys that spend their first 3 months without human or animal contact and are then exposed to social contact __________.

During adolescence, neuronal myelination proceeds gradually in the __________ lobe, a brain region implicated in self-regulation.

Research Methods

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Sensation

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking

Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Personality

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters

Exam 14: Development

Piaget's interpretation of the A-not-B effect is questionable because __________.

What was the essence of Gilligan's critique of Kohlberg's research on moral reasoning?

Object permanence refers to the child's awareness that __________.

Bowlby argues that infants __________.

A teratogen is __________.

Recent research indicates that 3-month-olds __________.

Once adults pass their physical peak in their twenties, most will experience __________.

As compared to other periods in the life span, how prevalent are emotional crises during one's forties?

Recent studies suggest that Piaget's methods may have led him to underestimate the understanding of number conservation in young children. A particular problem with his methods is that children __________.

Some researchers have suggested reducing temperament to three basic dimensions, as opposed to the "easy," "difficult," and "slow to warm up" scheme. These three dimensions are __________.

You and a friend are watching a family of kittens play in a neighbor's yard. Your friend asks why human childhood is so much longer than kittenhood, puppyhood, and so on. Recalling the Development chapter in your psychology text, you answer:

Children of __________ parents are more likely than are children of other types of parents to cheat, and less likely to confess transgressions when confronted. These children appear to reflect the __________ level of moral development.

Prenatally, the decrease in the number of neurons in the brain is most dramatic __________.

Which of the following statements BEST characterizes Jean Piaget's legacy in psychology?

There is a severe drought, and a ban on outdoor watering is in effect. The Dodges decide they will not wash their car because they realize that if everyone washed a car, the town might not have drinking water. Their reasoning places them in which of Kohlberg's stages?

Studies of infants' understanding of occlusion of one object by another suggest that __________.

With respect to menopause, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Harlow found that monkeys that spend their first 3 months without human or animal contact and are then exposed to social contact __________.

During adolescence, neuronal myelination proceeds gradually in the __________ lobe, a brain region implicated in self-regulation.

Research Methods

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Sensation

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking

Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Personality

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters

Children of parents are more likely than are children of other types of parents to cheat, and less likely to confess transgressions when confronted. These children appear to reflect the level of moral development.