Question 1

Which of the following is an example of a schema leading to memory error?

Accepted Answer

A)  You feel as if you've been somewhere before, and so you mistakenly conclude that you dreamed about the location. 
B)  You mistakenly recall seeing a catcher's mitt in your baseball coach's bag. 
C)  You are asked about seeing a blue bus at the scene of an accident, and this leads you to mistakenly identify the bus's color. 
D)  You mistakenly recall having seen the word "plant"on a list of words related to vegetation. 
A)  You feel as if you've been somewhere before, and so you mistakenly conclude that you dreamed about the location. 
B)  You mistakenly recall seeing a catcher's mitt in your baseball coach's bag. 
C)  You are asked about seeing a blue bus at the scene of an accident, and this leads you to mistakenly identify the bus's color. 
D)  You mistakenly recall having seen the word "plant"on a list of words related to vegetation.

Question 2

Sarah has mild anterograde amnesia. She probably does most poorly at __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  remembering where she parked her car this morning 
B)  recalling the multiplication tables from 1×1 to 11×11 
C)  recognizing her husband's voice when he phones but does not say his name 
D)  recalling how to swim 
A)  remembering where she parked her car this morning 
B)  recalling the multiplication tables from 1×1 to 11×11 
C)  recognizing her husband's voice when he phones but does not say his name 
D)  recalling how to swim

Question 3

The capacity of working memory is somewhere around 7. What does this number 7 refer to, exactly?

Accepted Answer

A)  7 chunks of information 
B)  7 bits of information 
C)  7 pictorial images 
D)  7 seconds of storage time before forgetting kicks in 
A)  7 chunks of information 
B)  7 bits of information 
C)  7 pictorial images 
D)  7 seconds of storage time before forgetting kicks in

Question 4

Overall, based on your text's discussion, which of the following is MOST likely to improve memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  hypnosis 
B)  sodium amytal 
C)  Gingko biloba 
D)  using one's confidence in one's memory as a guide to retrieval 
A)  hypnosis 
B)  sodium amytal 
C)  Gingko biloba 
D)  using one's confidence in one's memory as a guide to retrieval

Question 5

Returning home after many years causes memories to resurface. In this case, home serves as a(n) __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  icon 
B)  retrieval cue 
C)  mnemonic device 
D)  memory chunk 
A)  icon 
B)  retrieval cue 
C)  mnemonic device 
D)  memory chunk

Question 6

The concept of a flashbulb memory comes from the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  detailed memories that people have of facts that they learned early in life 
B)  detailed memories that people have of certain important events 
C)  fact that our memories for some events contain detail only about the central features of the event, and not peripheral details 
D)  fact that memory for visual stimuli varies as a function of how well lit the stimuli were in their initial presentation 
A)  detailed memories that people have of facts that they learned early in life 
B)  detailed memories that people have of certain important events 
C)  fact that our memories for some events contain detail only about the central features of the event, and not peripheral details 
D)  fact that memory for visual stimuli varies as a function of how well lit the stimuli were in their initial presentation

Question 7

In one experiment, Dr. Flaherty's participants learned one word list, then a second list containing similar, but different, words. Participants then recalled as many words as they could from either list. Finally, participants were given a fragment-completion task involving those words from the first list which they could not remember. Which of the following is NOT one of Dr. Flaherty's research goals?

Accepted Answer

A)  to chart the time course of the decay of memories 
B)  to measure the extent to which new memories interfere with old ones 
C)  to explore whether participants have some implicit memory for items they appear to have forgotten 
D)  to determine whether new memories completely overwrite old ones 
A)  to chart the time course of the decay of memories 
B)  to measure the extent to which new memories interfere with old ones 
C)  to explore whether participants have some implicit memory for items they appear to have forgotten 
D)  to determine whether new memories completely overwrite old ones

Question 8

A patient with anterograde amnesia will __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  have a shorter memory span than will a normal person 
B)  have serious difficulties in learning and retaining any new information 
C)  suffer a loss of memories for at least five years prior to the cerebral trauma that caused his condition 
D)  have difficulties remembering names for common objects 
A)  have a shorter memory span than will a normal person 
B)  have serious difficulties in learning and retaining any new information 
C)  suffer a loss of memories for at least five years prior to the cerebral trauma that caused his condition 
D)  have difficulties remembering names for common objects

Question 9

Mr. Jones hits his head on the windshield in an auto accident and cannot recall any of the events that led up to the accident. What is this memory problem called?

Accepted Answer

A)  traumatic amnesia 
B)  repression 
C)  anterograde amnesia 
D)  retrograde amnesia 
A)  traumatic amnesia 
B)  repression 
C)  anterograde amnesia 
D)  retrograde amnesia

Question 10

Ultimately, the encoding-specificity principle implies that memory is highly __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  objective 
B)  subjective 
C)  inaccurate 
D)  emotional 
A)  objective 
B)  subjective 
C)  inaccurate 
D)  emotional

Question 11

What is the major conclusion from studies on the retention of material from college courses across very long periods of time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Retention is excellent for the first few years, but it then gradually declines. 
B)  Retention declines in an almost linear way across the life span. 
C)  Retention is excellent for the first few years, but by middle age there is a precipitous drop-off. 
D)  Retention declines rapidly for the first two or three years, after which there is not much additional loss. 
A)  Retention is excellent for the first few years, but it then gradually declines. 
B)  Retention declines in an almost linear way across the life span. 
C)  Retention is excellent for the first few years, but by middle age there is a precipitous drop-off. 
D)  Retention declines rapidly for the first two or three years, after which there is not much additional loss.

Question 12

An eyewitness accurately reports that a thief wore a red jacket. The eyewitness then sees a lineup in which the thief is wearing a blue jacket. She later reports that the thief wore a blue jacket during the theft. This error is most likely due to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  retrieval confusion 
B)  an error in initial encoding 
C)  source confusion 
D)  interference 
A)  retrieval confusion 
B)  an error in initial encoding 
C)  source confusion 
D)  interference

Question 13

Which of the following statements best expresses Ribot's Law?

Accepted Answer

A)  Memory for faces exceeds memory for words. 
B)  Memory for words exceeds memory for faces. 
C)  The older the memory, the less likely it is to be affected by amnesia. 
D)  The only memories that achieve permanent status in the brain are those including some sort of emotional response. 
A)  Memory for faces exceeds memory for words. 
B)  Memory for words exceeds memory for faces. 
C)  The older the memory, the less likely it is to be affected by amnesia. 
D)  The only memories that achieve permanent status in the brain are those including some sort of emotional response.

Question 14

An "oldie" playing on the radio may remind you of events that occurred when the song was current. The song is acting as a(n) __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  retrieval cue 
B)  mnemonic 
C)  flashbulb 
D)  schema 
A)  retrieval cue 
B)  mnemonic 
C)  flashbulb 
D)  schema

Question 15

A schema is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  an important result of decay 
B)  a form of proactive interference 
C)  a conceptual framework for interpreting a situation 
D)  an item that has been forgotten 
A)  an important result of decay 
B)  a form of proactive interference 
C)  a conceptual framework for interpreting a situation 
D)  an item that has been forgotten

Question 16

Your friend would like to improve his grades on classroom tests in a difficult course. Drawing on your knowledge of context reinstatement and encoding specificity, what is probably the best, most practical advice you could give him?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Think deeply about the meaning of the material when you are studying your text." 
B)  "Read and re-read that textbook as many times as you possibly can." 
C)  "Study in the same room in which you will be tested." 
D)  "When you are taking the test, try to mentally re-create the environment in which you studied the material." 
A)  "Think deeply about the meaning of the material when you are studying your text." 
B)  "Read and re-read that textbook as many times as you possibly can." 
C)  "Study in the same room in which you will be tested." 
D)  "When you are taking the test, try to mentally re-create the environment in which you studied the material."

Question 17

Though Fez cannot name all 50 states, he insists that he knows them. Which type of test will most likely allow Fez to demonstrate that knowledge?

Accepted Answer

A)  rehearsal 
B)  recall 
C)  recognition 
D)  reminiscence 
A)  rehearsal 
B)  recall 
C)  recognition 
D)  reminiscence

Question 18

Janice is a trial lawyer defending her client against a murder charge. The district attorney introduces testimony obtained from an eyewitness through hypnosis. Janice immediately objects for which of the following reasons?

Accepted Answer

A)  The testimony is damaging. 
B)  Ninety percent of hypnotized subjects recall lost memories. 
C)  The witness was probably highly aroused while the crime was taking place. 
D)  The witness is likely to be very confident of a memory that could be completely inaccurate. 
A)  The testimony is damaging. 
B)  Ninety percent of hypnotized subjects recall lost memories. 
C)  The witness was probably highly aroused while the crime was taking place. 
D)  The witness is likely to be very confident of a memory that could be completely inaccurate.

Question 19

Which of the following is a major concern about the way questions are worded during an interrogation in terms of their potential influence on what is recalled at a subsequent trial?

Accepted Answer

A)  Questions can implant false memories. 
B)  Questions can produce retrograde amnesia. 
C)  Questions can produce proactive interference. 
D)  Questions can reactivate repressed memories. 
A)  Questions can implant false memories. 
B)  Questions can produce retrograde amnesia. 
C)  Questions can produce proactive interference. 
D)  Questions can reactivate repressed memories.

Question 20

After reading a story about two people going to a movie, the reader is most likely to make which of the following errors in recalling the story?

Accepted Answer

A)  forgetting the fact that the fire alarm went off during the movie 
B)  claiming that the protagonists bought tickets, even though the story did not mention that 
C)  claiming that the movie was a comedy even though it was a drama 
D)  claiming that the people sitting behind the two people in the story were men when, in fact, they were women 
A)  forgetting the fact that the fire alarm went off during the movie 
B)  claiming that the protagonists bought tickets, even though the story did not mention that 
C)  claiming that the movie was a comedy even though it was a drama 
D)  claiming that the people sitting behind the two people in the story were men when, in fact, they were women

Which of the following is an example of a schema leading to memory error?

Sarah has mild anterograde amnesia. She probably does most poorly at __________.

The capacity of working memory is somewhere around 7. What does this number 7 refer to, exactly?

Overall, based on your text's discussion, which of the following is MOST likely to improve memory?

Returning home after many years causes memories to resurface. In this case, home serves as a(n) __________.

The concept of a flashbulb memory comes from the __________.

A patient with anterograde amnesia will __________.

Mr. Jones hits his head on the windshield in an auto accident and cannot recall any of the events that led up to the accident. What is this memory problem called?

Ultimately, the encoding-specificity principle implies that memory is highly __________.

What is the major conclusion from studies on the retention of material from college courses across very long periods of time?

An eyewitness accurately reports that a thief wore a red jacket. The eyewitness then sees a lineup in which the thief is wearing a blue jacket. She later reports that the thief wore a blue jacket during the theft. This error is most likely due to which of the following?

Which of the following statements best expresses Ribot's Law?

An "oldie" playing on the radio may remind you of events that occurred when the song was current. The song is acting as a(n) __________.

A schema is __________.

Your friend would like to improve his grades on classroom tests in a difficult course. Drawing on your knowledge of context reinstatement and encoding specificity, what is probably the best, most practical advice you could give him?

Though Fez cannot name all 50 states, he insists that he knows them. Which type of test will most likely allow Fez to demonstrate that knowledge?

Janice is a trial lawyer defending her client against a murder charge. The district attorney introduces testimony obtained from an eyewitness through hypnosis. Janice immediately objects for which of the following reasons?

Which of the following is a major concern about the way questions are worded during an interrogation in terms of their potential influence on what is recalled at a subsequent trial?

After reading a story about two people going to a movie, the reader is most likely to make which of the following errors in recalling the story?

Research Methods

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Sensation

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Thinking

Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Development

Personality

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

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Exam 8: Memory

Which of the following is an example of a schema leading to memory error?

Sarah has mild anterograde amnesia. She probably does most poorly at __________.

The capacity of working memory is somewhere around 7. What does this number 7 refer to, exactly?

Overall, based on your text's discussion, which of the following is MOST likely to improve memory?

Returning home after many years causes memories to resurface. In this case, home serves as a(n) __________.

The concept of a flashbulb memory comes from the __________.

A patient with anterograde amnesia will __________.

Mr. Jones hits his head on the windshield in an auto accident and cannot recall any of the events that led up to the accident. What is this memory problem called?

Ultimately, the encoding-specificity principle implies that memory is highly __________.

What is the major conclusion from studies on the retention of material from college courses across very long periods of time?

An eyewitness accurately reports that a thief wore a red jacket. The eyewitness then sees a lineup in which the thief is wearing a blue jacket. She later reports that the thief wore a blue jacket during the theft. This error is most likely due to which of the following?

Which of the following statements best expresses Ribot's Law?

An "oldie" playing on the radio may remind you of events that occurred when the song was current. The song is acting as a(n) __________.

A schema is __________.

Your friend would like to improve his grades on classroom tests in a difficult course. Drawing on your knowledge of context reinstatement and encoding specificity, what is probably the best, most practical advice you could give him?

Though Fez cannot name all 50 states, he insists that he knows them. Which type of test will most likely allow Fez to demonstrate that knowledge?

Janice is a trial lawyer defending her client against a murder charge. The district attorney introduces testimony obtained from an eyewitness through hypnosis. Janice immediately objects for which of the following reasons?

Which of the following is a major concern about the way questions are worded during an interrogation in terms of their potential influence on what is recalled at a subsequent trial?

After reading a story about two people going to a movie, the reader is most likely to make which of the following errors in recalling the story?

Research Methods

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Sensation

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Thinking

Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Development

Personality

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters