Question 1

Which of the following statements best captures the justification for distinguishing between explicit and implicit memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Explicit and implicit memory function differently, even though they have the same biological underpinnings. 
B)  Though they function similarly, explicit and implicit memory have different biological bases. 
C)  Not only do explicit and implicit memory function differently, they also have distinct biological bases. 
D)  There is little justification for distinguishing between the two types of memory; psychologists are backing away from the distinction these days. 
A)  Explicit and implicit memory function differently, even though they have the same biological underpinnings. 
B)  Though they function similarly, explicit and implicit memory have different biological bases. 
C)  Not only do explicit and implicit memory function differently, they also have distinct biological bases. 
D)  There is little justification for distinguishing between the two types of memory; psychologists are backing away from the distinction these days.

Question 2

Jamal's introductory psychology class is held in room A. For the final exam, the students in Jamal's class are divided among rooms A, B, and C. Jamal's memory for the material is likely to be best if he takes the test in which room?

Accepted Answer

A)  room A 
B)  the largest of the three rooms 
C)  the smallest of the three rooms 
D)  Where Jamal takes the test is not relevant to his ability to remember the material. 
A)  room A 
B)  the largest of the three rooms 
C)  the smallest of the three rooms 
D)  Where Jamal takes the test is not relevant to his ability to remember the material.

Question 3

The physical setting can be crucial for memory. If you learn something in a noisy environment, it is best to recall it in a noisy environment. What is another research finding concerning context and memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  If you simply think about the setting in which you learned something, your recall will be enhanced. 
B)  Context is more important for recall than is depth of processing. 
C)  Some contexts-especially those that are associated with strong emotional reactions from the past-actually interfere with recall. 
D)  Merely thinking about the learning context does little to enhance recall. 
A)  If you simply think about the setting in which you learned something, your recall will be enhanced. 
B)  Context is more important for recall than is depth of processing. 
C)  Some contexts-especially those that are associated with strong emotional reactions from the past-actually interfere with recall. 
D)  Merely thinking about the learning context does little to enhance recall.

Question 4

Recognition and recall tasks both ask participants to __________ information.

Accepted Answer

A)  retrieve 
B)  encode 
C)  store 
D)  acquire 
A)  retrieve 
B)  encode 
C)  store 
D)  acquire

Question 5

In general, we know very little about how the information content of a memory-its trace-is translated into a pattern of neural connections. But one thing that does seem to be true is that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  single episodes from the past are recorded in single locations in the brain 
B)  permanent storage of memory traces requires processing by the amygdala 
C)  memory traces are created instantly 
D)  different aspects of an event get stored in different brain locations 
A)  single episodes from the past are recorded in single locations in the brain 
B)  permanent storage of memory traces requires processing by the amygdala 
C)  memory traces are created instantly 
D)  different aspects of an event get stored in different brain locations

Question 6

Which of the following is a big disadvantage to schema-based memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  The main concepts are often forgotten. 
B)  Schema-based memory requires substantially more processing capacity than does more data-driven memory. 
C)  Schema-based memory is more subject to interference than is more data-driven memory. 
D)  Memory for details is often faulty. 
A)  The main concepts are often forgotten. 
B)  Schema-based memory requires substantially more processing capacity than does more data-driven memory. 
C)  Schema-based memory is more subject to interference than is more data-driven memory. 
D)  Memory for details is often faulty.

Question 7

Let's say you look at the schedule for your favorite football team. The team plays 16 games per year. Later you try recalling that schedule for a friend who really likes the same team you do. Chances are, you will recall opponents at the beginning of the schedule particularly well. What is this phenomenon called?

Accepted Answer

A)  memory consolidation 
B)  the primacy effect 
C)  chunking 
D)  depth-of-processing 
A)  memory consolidation 
B)  the primacy effect 
C)  chunking 
D)  depth-of-processing

Question 8

What is known about the relationship between hypnosis and memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypnosis improves memory, but only for remote events. 
B)  Hypnosis improves memory, but only for recent events. 
C)  Hypnosis only appears to improve memory; in reality, it does little to improve memory. 
D)  Hypnosis is particularly useful in cases of eyewitness testimony. 
A)  Hypnosis improves memory, but only for remote events. 
B)  Hypnosis improves memory, but only for recent events. 
C)  Hypnosis only appears to improve memory; in reality, it does little to improve memory. 
D)  Hypnosis is particularly useful in cases of eyewitness testimony.

Question 9

You might expect an anterograde amnesiac to be unable to do which of the following tasks?

Accepted Answer

A)  learn to solve a complicated maze 
B)  tell you about an event that occurred in his childhood 
C)  recall having met his newborn grandchild yesterday 
D)  utter a complete sentence 
A)  learn to solve a complicated maze 
B)  tell you about an event that occurred in his childhood 
C)  recall having met his newborn grandchild yesterday 
D)  utter a complete sentence

Question 10

What does the formation of "chunks" involve?

Accepted Answer

A)  recoding of the stimulus input 
B)  restricting the capacity of working memory 
C)  restricting the capacity of long-term memory 
D)  increasing working memory capacity from about 7 chunks to about 12 chunks 
A)  recoding of the stimulus input 
B)  restricting the capacity of working memory 
C)  restricting the capacity of long-term memory 
D)  increasing working memory capacity from about 7 chunks to about 12 chunks

Question 11

Which of the following is the best reason that we have trouble remembering the license plate number of a car that we just passed 10 minutes ago?

Accepted Answer

A)  Working memory lasts only a minute or so. 
B)  Seven-digit numbers are too difficult to remember easily. 
C)  We probably never actively encoded the number in the first place. 
D)  The memory, though present, is too difficult to retrieve except under special circumstances, such as hypnosis or substantial amounts of stress. 
A)  Working memory lasts only a minute or so. 
B)  Seven-digit numbers are too difficult to remember easily. 
C)  We probably never actively encoded the number in the first place. 
D)  The memory, though present, is too difficult to retrieve except under special circumstances, such as hypnosis or substantial amounts of stress.

Question 12

How does memory for traumatic events differ in its operation from memory for other types of events?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is governed by a completely different set of principles than is episodic memory generally. 
B)  Memory for traumatic events does not differ at all from memory for other types of events. 
C)  Not all of the principles governing episodic memory generally apply to memory for traumatic events. 
D)  Memory for traumatic events is governed not only by those principles governing episodic memory, but also by additional, special ones. 
A)  It is governed by a completely different set of principles than is episodic memory generally. 
B)  Memory for traumatic events does not differ at all from memory for other types of events. 
C)  Not all of the principles governing episodic memory generally apply to memory for traumatic events. 
D)  Memory for traumatic events is governed not only by those principles governing episodic memory, but also by additional, special ones.

Question 13

According to your text, errors in the misinformation paradigm stem from __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  repression 
B)  the presence of dense retrieval paths in memory 
C)  the limited capacity of memory 
D)  the rapid decay of most memories 
A)  repression 
B)  the presence of dense retrieval paths in memory 
C)  the limited capacity of memory 
D)  the rapid decay of most memories

Question 14

Paula received a severe blow to the head in a car accident. What is the most reasonable explanation for her amnesia of what led up to the accident?

Accepted Answer

A)  The information was not yet consolidated in long-term memory. 
B)  Working memory interfered with the long-term memory storage. 
C)  Semantic memory has been disrupted. 
D)  She has lost the use of her hippocampus; that is, she is like H. M. but not as severely impaired. 
A)  The information was not yet consolidated in long-term memory. 
B)  Working memory interfered with the long-term memory storage. 
C)  Semantic memory has been disrupted. 
D)  She has lost the use of her hippocampus; that is, she is like H. M. but not as severely impaired.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT an example of procedural memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  knowing how to play the piano 
B)  knowing how to skip stones 
C)  knowing that your first kiss occurred at a middle-school dance 
D)  knowing how to crochet 
A)  knowing how to play the piano 
B)  knowing how to skip stones 
C)  knowing that your first kiss occurred at a middle-school dance 
D)  knowing how to crochet

Question 16

Which of the following sources of memory errors is least likely to result in the wrongful conviction of a suspect by an eyewitness?

Accepted Answer

A)  misplaced familiarity 
B)  intrusions from schematic knowledge 
C)  intrusions by semantic associates 
D)  misinformation 
A)  misplaced familiarity 
B)  intrusions from schematic knowledge 
C)  intrusions by semantic associates 
D)  misinformation

Question 17

Essay exams measure retention by which method?

Accepted Answer

A)  savings 
B)  recognition 
C)  recall 
D)  latent learning 
A)  savings 
B)  recognition 
C)  recall 
D)  latent learning

Question 18

The depth-of-processing approach __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  assumes that the longer material is in working memory the more deep will be its memory traces 
B)  is primarily concerned with a type of memory called procedural 
C)  suggests that actively thinking about material leads to better memory than does maintenance rehearsal 
D)  holds that meaningless material produces greater depth of processing than does material that can easily be fitted into meaningful contexts 
A)  assumes that the longer material is in working memory the more deep will be its memory traces 
B)  is primarily concerned with a type of memory called procedural 
C)  suggests that actively thinking about material leads to better memory than does maintenance rehearsal 
D)  holds that meaningless material produces greater depth of processing than does material that can easily be fitted into meaningful contexts

Question 19

Which of the following methods would be most likely to show the effects of implicit retrieval?

Accepted Answer

A)  serial reproduction 
B)  repetition priming 
C)  elaborative rehearsal 
D)  trace consolidation 
A)  serial reproduction 
B)  repetition priming 
C)  elaborative rehearsal 
D)  trace consolidation

Question 20

Declarative memory is __________ and __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  conscious; explicit 
B)  conscious; implicit 
C)  unconscious; explicit 
D)  unconscious; implicit 
A)  conscious; explicit 
B)  conscious; implicit 
C)  unconscious; explicit 
D)  unconscious; implicit

Which of the following statements best captures the justification for distinguishing between explicit and implicit memory?

Jamal's introductory psychology class is held in room A. For the final exam, the students in Jamal's class are divided among rooms A, B, and C. Jamal's memory for the material is likely to be best if he takes the test in which room?

The physical setting can be crucial for memory. If you learn something in a noisy environment, it is best to recall it in a noisy environment. What is another research finding concerning context and memory?

Recognition and recall tasks both ask participants to __________ information.

In general, we know very little about how the information content of a memory-its trace-is translated into a pattern of neural connections. But one thing that does seem to be true is that __________.

Which of the following is a big disadvantage to schema-based memory?

What is known about the relationship between hypnosis and memory?

You might expect an anterograde amnesiac to be unable to do which of the following tasks?

What does the formation of "chunks" involve?

Which of the following is the best reason that we have trouble remembering the license plate number of a car that we just passed 10 minutes ago?

How does memory for traumatic events differ in its operation from memory for other types of events?

According to your text, errors in the misinformation paradigm stem from __________.

Paula received a severe blow to the head in a car accident. What is the most reasonable explanation for her amnesia of what led up to the accident?

Which of the following is NOT an example of procedural memory?

Which of the following sources of memory errors is least likely to result in the wrongful conviction of a suspect by an eyewitness?

Essay exams measure retention by which method?

The depth-of-processing approach __________.

Which of the following methods would be most likely to show the effects of implicit retrieval?

Declarative memory is and .

Research Methods

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Sensation

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Thinking

Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Development

Personality

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters

Exam 8: Memory

Which of the following statements best captures the justification for distinguishing between explicit and implicit memory?

Jamal's introductory psychology class is held in room A. For the final exam, the students in Jamal's class are divided among rooms A, B, and C. Jamal's memory for the material is likely to be best if he takes the test in which room?

The physical setting can be crucial for memory. If you learn something in a noisy environment, it is best to recall it in a noisy environment. What is another research finding concerning context and memory?

Recognition and recall tasks both ask participants to __________ information.

In general, we know very little about how the information content of a memory-its trace-is translated into a pattern of neural connections. But one thing that does seem to be true is that __________.

Which of the following is a big disadvantage to schema-based memory?

What is known about the relationship between hypnosis and memory?

You might expect an anterograde amnesiac to be unable to do which of the following tasks?

What does the formation of "chunks" involve?

Which of the following is the best reason that we have trouble remembering the license plate number of a car that we just passed 10 minutes ago?

How does memory for traumatic events differ in its operation from memory for other types of events?

According to your text, errors in the misinformation paradigm stem from __________.

Paula received a severe blow to the head in a car accident. What is the most reasonable explanation for her amnesia of what led up to the accident?

Which of the following is NOT an example of procedural memory?

Which of the following sources of memory errors is least likely to result in the wrongful conviction of a suspect by an eyewitness?

Essay exams measure retention by which method?

The depth-of-processing approach __________.

Which of the following methods would be most likely to show the effects of implicit retrieval?

Declarative memory is __________ and __________.

Research Methods

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Sensation

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Thinking

Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Development

Personality

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters

Declarative memory is and .