Exam 2: E: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

To study the effect of subliminal advertising on consumer behavior,participants were randomly assigned to watch a movie either with or without subliminal advertising.The group of participants that saw the movie without the ads is called the__________ .

__________are a major problem in psychology research,and can cause participants to change their behavior based on how they think they are supposed to behave.

Before beginning an experiment,researchers use__________ to define exactly how variables like "intelligence" or "happiness" will be measured.

Before research findings can be published they go through _______,which is a process in which papers submitted to publication in scholarly journals are read and critiqued by experts in the specific field of study.

__________designs are the only research method that can provide strong evidence for cause-and-effect relationships.

The_______ is a commonly occurring distribution that is characterized by its symmetrical shape with values clustered around a mean value.

Research participants in psychology studies must give___________ ,meaning that they are told about the experiment-including any potential risks-and then freely agree to participate.

Tabitha is convinced that vaccines cause autism because her friend's child was diagnosed with autism only a week after being vaccinated.Because Tabitha's "evidence" is essentially a story about one person,it should be considered__________ and cannot be considered reliable.

Case studies,naturalistic observation,and surveys and questionnaires are all types of_________ research,because they can only be used to collect observations.

If the difference between groups in an experiment is unlikely to have occurred by random chance alone,the difference is said to be_________ .