Question 1

One way to understand the relationship between various categories and concepts is to draw a diagram of a(n)___________.

Accepted Answer

A) algorithm 
B) mental set 
C) semantic network 
D) prototype 
A) algorithm 
B) mental set 
C) semantic network 
D) prototype C

Question 2

One way to investigate the way language is processed in the brain is to study patients with ________________,language disorders caused by damage to the brain structures that support using and understanding language.

Accepted Answer

A) agnosias 
B) agnathia 
C) aphasias 
D) alopecias 
A) agnosias 
B) agnathia 
C) aphasias 
D) alopecias C

Question 3

Which of the following interpretations is consistent with results of many studies to teach human language to animals?

Accepted Answer

A) Animals cannot learn to associate particular words,signs,and symbols with specific meanings. 
B) Animals can learn human language,but prefer not to. 
C) Animals can learn to communicate with symbols and signs,but there is not clear evidence that they can combine these symbols into complex phrases. 
D) Animals raised with humans from birth can learn language just as easily as a human child. 
A) Animals cannot learn to associate particular words,signs,and symbols with specific meanings. 
B) Animals can learn human language,but prefer not to. 
C) Animals can learn to communicate with symbols and signs,but there is not clear evidence that they can combine these symbols into complex phrases. 
D) Animals raised with humans from birth can learn language just as easily as a human child. C

Question 4

What are the smallest units of meaning in a language?

Accepted Answer

A) words 
B) syntax 
C) phonemes 
D) morphemes 
A) words 
B) syntax 
C) phonemes 
D) morphemes

Question 5

A writer pitches a sitcom idea to a network executive called "Don't Tell Him He's Adopted!" about a chimpanzee raised from birth as a member of a suburban American family.In technical terms,the chimpanzee in the show's premise is being _______________,a technique that has been used to try teaching language to non-human animals.

Accepted Answer

A) fast mapped 
B) cross-fostered 
C) rebonded 
D) zoadopted 
A) fast mapped 
B) cross-fostered 
C) rebonded 
D) zoadopted

Question 6

Initial state,goal state,and obstacles are the three main features of ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) semantic networks 
B) language 
C) categorization 
D) problems 
A) semantic networks 
B) language 
C) categorization 
D) problems

Question 7

______________ are problem-solving strategies based on a series of rules,while ______________are strategies that stem from prior experiences and provide an educated guess as to what is the most likely solution.

Accepted Answer

A) Algorithms;heuristics 
B) Heuristics;algorithms 
C) Ill-defined operators;well-defined operators 
D) Well-defined operators;Ill-defined operators 
A) Algorithms;heuristics 
B) Heuristics;algorithms 
C) Ill-defined operators;well-defined operators 
D) Well-defined operators;Ill-defined operators

Question 8

The television character MacGyver was famous for using everyday objects to get out of trouble.In one episode,for example,MacGyver used the aluminum foil wrapper from a stick of gum to replace a blown electrical fuse.The MacGyver character clearly did NOT suffer from what cognitive obstacle to problem solving?

Accepted Answer

A) the anchoring effect 
B) confirmation bias 
C) functional fixedness 
D) the representative heuristic 
A) the anchoring effect 
B) confirmation bias 
C) functional fixedness 
D) the representative heuristic

Question 9

What do we call the hypothesis that language influences what we think?

Accepted Answer

A) the dynamic hypothesis 
B) the language reaction hypothesis 
C) the linguistic relativity hypothesis 
D) the cognitive linguistic hypothesis 
A) the dynamic hypothesis 
B) the language reaction hypothesis 
C) the linguistic relativity hypothesis 
D) the cognitive linguistic hypothesis

Question 10

Because of the availability heuristic,Jayne and her husband are most likely to exaggerate the risk to their children of ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) depression 
B) delinquency 
C) being kidnapped 
D) asthma 
A) depression 
B) delinquency 
C) being kidnapped 
D) asthma

Question 11

For most people,brain regions specifically involved in language are located in the _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) limbic system 
B) left hemisphere 
C) right hemisphere 
D) brainstem 
A) limbic system 
B) left hemisphere 
C) right hemisphere 
D) brainstem

Question 12

Which of the following is true about the use of the representativeness heuristic to make judgments?

Accepted Answer

A) Use of the representativeness heuristic almost always leads to incorrect judgments. 
B) Use of the representativeness heuristic almost always leads to correct judgments. 
C) In many cases the representativeness heuristic leads to correct judgments,but it can also lead to biased judgments in other situations. 
D) The representativeness heuristic is used for solving well-defined problems,but is not relevant for making judgments. 
A) Use of the representativeness heuristic almost always leads to incorrect judgments. 
B) Use of the representativeness heuristic almost always leads to correct judgments. 
C) In many cases the representativeness heuristic leads to correct judgments,but it can also lead to biased judgments in other situations. 
D) The representativeness heuristic is used for solving well-defined problems,but is not relevant for making judgments.

Question 13

Satisficers are individuals who

Accepted Answer

A) make judgments of likelihood based on how well an example represents a specific category. 
B) seek to make decisions that are "good enough." 
C) attempt to evaluate every option for every choice until they find the perfect fit. 
D) try to satisfy the expectations of others. 
A) make judgments of likelihood based on how well an example represents a specific category. 
B) seek to make decisions that are "good enough." 
C) attempt to evaluate every option for every choice until they find the perfect fit. 
D) try to satisfy the expectations of others.

Question 14

In cognitive psychology,a__________________ is an interconnected set of nodes (or concepts)and the links that join them to form a category.

Accepted Answer

A) semantic network 
B) mental set 
C) algorithm 
D) prototype 
A) semantic network 
B) mental set 
C) algorithm 
D) prototype

Question 15

Why do young children appear to acquire language more easily than adults?

Accepted Answer

A) There is a sensitive period during childhood during which children's brains are primed to develop language. 
B) Adults are more distracted than children,who can devote more cognitive processing to learning a new language. 
C) Children are exposed to a greater variety of vocabulary words than adults typically are. 
D) This is a common myth;children do not have an easier time learning language than adults do. 
A) There is a sensitive period during childhood during which children's brains are primed to develop language. 
B) Adults are more distracted than children,who can devote more cognitive processing to learning a new language. 
C) Children are exposed to a greater variety of vocabulary words than adults typically are. 
D) This is a common myth;children do not have an easier time learning language than adults do.

Question 16

Following a stroke,Rahul's grandfather lost the ability to understand when people would ask him questions.In addition,when his grandfather spoke,the words made sense,but the sentences did not.The stroke appears to have damaged which area of the brain?

Accepted Answer

A) basil ganglia 
B) FOXP2 
C) Wernicke's area 
D) Broca's area 
A) basil ganglia 
B) FOXP2 
C) Wernicke's area 
D) Broca's area

Question 17

Mandi shares her frozen dessert with her sister."Wow!" says her sister,"What type of ice-cream is this?" Mandi explains that,because it does not contain any dairy,the dessert is a sorbet and not an ice-cream.Mandi's use of the technical definition for ice-cream to classify the dessert is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) using a prototype. 
B) classical categorization. 
C) using a heuristic. 
D) linguistic relativity. 
A) using a prototype. 
B) classical categorization. 
C) using a heuristic. 
D) linguistic relativity.

Question 18

In a semantic network,the ____________ represent concepts,and the _______________ represent the structure of a category as well as the relationships among different categories.

Accepted Answer

A) nodes;links 
B) links;nodes 
C) graded memberships;prototypes 
D) prototypes;graded memberships 
A) nodes;links 
B) links;nodes 
C) graded memberships;prototypes 
D) prototypes;graded memberships

Question 19

Which example would most people take longest to identify as a fruit (even though it technically is a fruit)?

Accepted Answer

A) grape 
B) apple 
C) orange 
D) olive 
A) grape 
B) apple 
C) orange 
D) olive

Question 20

Computers are particularly suited for using ________________ to solve problems.

Accepted Answer

A) functional fixedness 
B) heuristics 
C) prototypes 
D) algorithms 
A) functional fixedness 
B) heuristics 
C) prototypes 
D) algorithms

Exam 8: B: Thought and Language

One way to understand the relationship between various categories and concepts is to draw a diagram of a(n)___________.

One way to investigate the way language is processed in the brain is to study patients with ________________,language disorders caused by damage to the brain structures that support using and understanding language.

Which of the following interpretations is consistent with results of many studies to teach human language to animals?

What are the smallest units of meaning in a language?

Initial state,goal state,and obstacles are the three main features of ___________.

______________ are problem-solving strategies based on a series of rules,while ______________are strategies that stem from prior experiences and provide an educated guess as to what is the most likely solution.

What do we call the hypothesis that language influences what we think?

Because of the availability heuristic,Jayne and her husband are most likely to exaggerate the risk to their children of ____________.

For most people,brain regions specifically involved in language are located in the _____________.

Which of the following is true about the use of the representativeness heuristic to make judgments?

Satisficers are individuals who

In cognitive psychology,a__________________ is an interconnected set of nodes (or concepts)and the links that join them to form a category.

Why do young children appear to acquire language more easily than adults?

Following a stroke,Rahul's grandfather lost the ability to understand when people would ask him questions.In addition,when his grandfather spoke,the words made sense,but the sentences did not.The stroke appears to have damaged which area of the brain?

In a semantic network,the ____________ represent concepts,and the _______________ represent the structure of a category as well as the relationships among different categories.

Which example would most people take longest to identify as a fruit (even though it technically is a fruit)?

Computers are particularly suited for using ________________ to solve problems.

A: Introducing Psychological Science

B: Introducing Psychological Science

C: Introducing Psychological Science

D: Introducing Psychological Science

E: Introducing Psychological Science

A: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

B: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

C: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

D: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

E: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

A: Biological Psychology

B: Biological Psychology

C: Biological Psychology

D: Biological Psychology

E: Biological Psychology

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

E: Sensation and Perception

A: Consciousness

B: Consciousness

C: Consciousness

D: Consciousness

E: Consciousness

A: Learning

B: Learning

C: Learning

D: Learning

E: Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

D: Memory

E: Memory

A: Thought and Language

C: Thought and Language

D: Thought and Language

E: Thought and Language

A: Intelligence Testing

B: Intelligence Testing

C: Intelligence Testing

D: Intelligence Testing

E: Intelligence Testing

A: Lifespan Development

B: Lifespan Development

C: Lifespan Development

D: Lifespan Development

E: Lifespan Development

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

C: Motivation and Emotion

D: Motivation and Emotion

Emotivation and Emotion

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

E: Personality

A: Social Psychology

B: Social Psychology

C: Social Psychology

are problem-solving strategies based on a series of rules,while are strategies that stem from prior experiences and provide an educated guess as to what is the most likely solution.

In a semantic network,the represent concepts,and the ___ represent the structure of a category as well as the relationships among different categories.