Question 1

What type of cells have secretagogue receptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Autocrine 
B)  Endocrine 
C)  Exocrine 
D)  Juxtacrine 
E)  Paracrine 
A)  Autocrine 
B)  Endocrine 
C)  Exocrine 
D)  Juxtacrine 
E)  Paracrine C

Question 2

What do cardiac glycosides inhibit?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cl-/HCO3- transporter 
B)  Electrogenic Na+ flux 
C)  Na+/H+ transporter 
D)  Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter 
E)  Na+/K+-exchanging ATPase 
A)  Cl-/HCO3- transporter 
B)  Electrogenic Na+ flux 
C)  Na+/H+ transporter 
D)  Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter 
E)  Na+/K+-exchanging ATPase E

Question 3

Which of the following is the main carrier for the transport of digested fat?

Accepted Answer

A)  chylomicron 
B)  VLDL 
C)  LDL 
D)  HDL 
E)  albumin 
A)  chylomicron 
B)  VLDL 
C)  LDL 
D)  HDL 
E)  albumin A

Question 4

Which protein is synthesized in the intestine?

Accepted Answer

A)  trypsinogen 
B)  chymotrypsinogen 
C)  procarboxypeptidase 
D)  enterokinase 
E)  pepsin 
A)  trypsinogen 
B)  chymotrypsinogen 
C)  procarboxypeptidase 
D)  enterokinase 
E)  pepsin

Question 5

Bile salts are synthesized in the

Accepted Answer

A)  gall bladder. 
B)  liver. 
C)  small intestine. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  gall bladder. 
B)  liver. 
C)  small intestine. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 6

Alpha-1,6-glucosidase is an enzyme in humans which is

Accepted Answer

A)  found in salivary and pancreatic secretions. 
B)  secreted by cells of the gastric mucosa. 
C)  located in the epithelium of the large intestine. 
D)  elaborated by cells in the duodenum. 
E)  a constituent of bile. 
A)  found in salivary and pancreatic secretions. 
B)  secreted by cells of the gastric mucosa. 
C)  located in the epithelium of the large intestine. 
D)  elaborated by cells in the duodenum. 
E)  a constituent of bile.

Question 7

Most nutrients are absorbed in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Colon 
B)  Large intestine 
C)  Small intestine 
D)  Stomach 
A)  Colon 
B)  Large intestine 
C)  Small intestine 
D)  Stomach

Question 8

The digestion and absorption of starch involves hydrolysis to glucose

Accepted Answer

A)  followed by an antiport mechanism of absorption. 
B)  followed by phosphorylation and absorption of the glucose phosphate. 
C)  followed by absorption after conjugation with glutathione. 
D)  followed by absorption via a symport mechanism. 
E)  after endocytosis of starch by intestinal epithelial cells. 
A)  followed by an antiport mechanism of absorption. 
B)  followed by phosphorylation and absorption of the glucose phosphate. 
C)  followed by absorption after conjugation with glutathione. 
D)  followed by absorption via a symport mechanism. 
E)  after endocytosis of starch by intestinal epithelial cells.

Question 9

Which of the following is produced by the liver?

Accepted Answer

A)  trypsinogen 
B)  chymotrypsinogen 
C)  carboxypeptidase 
D)  enterokinase 
E)  glycocholic acid 
A)  trypsinogen 
B)  chymotrypsinogen 
C)  carboxypeptidase 
D)  enterokinase 
E)  glycocholic acid

Question 10

An enzyme present in saliva which hydrolyzes starch to produce free maltose is

Accepted Answer

A)  sucrase. 
B)  alpha-amylase. 
C)  phosphorylase. 
D)  debranching enzyme. 
E)  limit dextrin. 
A)  sucrase. 
B)  alpha-amylase. 
C)  phosphorylase. 
D)  debranching enzyme. 
E)  limit dextrin.

Question 11

Which statement about protein digestion in the stomach and intestines is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Trypsin can activate all zymogens of pancreatic proteases. 
B)  pepsin is irreversibly inactivated when the pH is above 5. 
C)  Chymotrypsin and trypsin show similar specificity in catalyzing the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. 
D)  The action of pepsin in the stomach produces primarily peptide fragments of proteins. 
E)  Intestinal peptidases are required to digest di- and tri-peptides. 
A)  Trypsin can activate all zymogens of pancreatic proteases. 
B)  pepsin is irreversibly inactivated when the pH is above 5. 
C)  Chymotrypsin and trypsin show similar specificity in catalyzing the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. 
D)  The action of pepsin in the stomach produces primarily peptide fragments of proteins. 
E)  Intestinal peptidases are required to digest di- and tri-peptides.

Question 12

What is the principal physiological function of bile salts?

Accepted Answer

A)  To permit cholesterol catabolism. 
B)  To catalyze lipid digestion. 
C)  To permit gastrointestinal absorption of dietary lipid. 
D)  To control enterohepatic circulation. 
E)  To regulate blood cholesterol levels. 
A)  To permit cholesterol catabolism. 
B)  To catalyze lipid digestion. 
C)  To permit gastrointestinal absorption of dietary lipid. 
D)  To control enterohepatic circulation. 
E)  To regulate blood cholesterol levels.

Question 13

Which digestive enzyme is NOT synthesized in the pancreas and secreted into the lumen of the intestine as a zymogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  aminopeptidase 
B)  trypsin 
C)  chymotrypsin 
D)  elastase 
E)  carboxypeptidase B 
A)  aminopeptidase 
B)  trypsin 
C)  chymotrypsin 
D)  elastase 
E)  carboxypeptidase B

Question 14

Dietary triglycerides are absorbed primarily as

Accepted Answer

A)  1,3 diglycerides. 
B)  intact triglyceride. 
C)  1,2 diglyceride. 
D)  1 monoglyceride. 
E)  2 monoglyceride. 
A)  1,3 diglycerides. 
B)  intact triglyceride. 
C)  1,2 diglyceride. 
D)  1 monoglyceride. 
E)  2 monoglyceride.

Question 15

Glucose absorption:

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs without the need for a transport protein in muscle cells. 
B)  needs an active Na+ pump in liver cells. 
C)  requires insulin in the brain. 
D)  is stimulated by glucagon in the liver. 
E)  occurs against a concentration gradient in the intestinal mucosa. 
A)  occurs without the need for a transport protein in muscle cells. 
B)  needs an active Na+ pump in liver cells. 
C)  requires insulin in the brain. 
D)  is stimulated by glucagon in the liver. 
E)  occurs against a concentration gradient in the intestinal mucosa.

Question 16

The formation of chylomicrons takes place in the

Accepted Answer

A)  adipose tissue where stored triacylglycerols are mobilized. 
B)  small intestine where dietary triacylglycerols are digested and absorbed. 
C)  liver where cholesterol and apolipoproteins are synthesized. 
D)  blood where circulating lipoproteins are degraded by lipases. 
A)  adipose tissue where stored triacylglycerols are mobilized. 
B)  small intestine where dietary triacylglycerols are digested and absorbed. 
C)  liver where cholesterol and apolipoproteins are synthesized. 
D)  blood where circulating lipoproteins are degraded by lipases.

Question 17

In a patient who has had a significant portion of the stomach removed in surgery, the action of which of the following enzymes would be significantly reduced?

Accepted Answer

A)  trypsin 
B)  enteropeptidase 
C)  elastase 
D)  pepsin 
E)  carboxypeptidase A 
A)  trypsin 
B)  enteropeptidase 
C)  elastase 
D)  pepsin 
E)  carboxypeptidase A

Question 18

The major function of chylomicrons is transport of

Accepted Answer

A)  cholesterol from the liver to peripheral cells. 
B)  dietary triglycerides to peripheral tissues. 
C)  fatty acids from the adipose tissue to energy-requiring tissues such as skeletal muscle. 
D)  endogenous triglycerides from the liver. 
E)  cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver for disposal. 
A)  cholesterol from the liver to peripheral cells. 
B)  dietary triglycerides to peripheral tissues. 
C)  fatty acids from the adipose tissue to energy-requiring tissues such as skeletal muscle. 
D)  endogenous triglycerides from the liver. 
E)  cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver for disposal.

Question 19

Which molecule is a zymogen activated by hydrolysis in the intestine?

Accepted Answer

A)  trypsinogen 
B)  chymotrypsin 
C)  carboxypeptidase 
D)  enterokinase 
E)  pepsinogen 
A)  trypsinogen 
B)  chymotrypsin 
C)  carboxypeptidase 
D)  enterokinase 
E)  pepsinogen

Question 20

Iron is stored in tissue primarily as

Accepted Answer

A)  transferrin 
B)  heme enzymes 
C)  ferritin 
D)  ferrous salts 
E)  ferric salts 
A)  transferrin 
B)  heme enzymes 
C)  ferritin 
D)  ferrous salts 
E)  ferric salts

Exam 26: Digestion and Absorption of Basic Nutritional Constituents

What type of cells have secretagogue receptors?

What do cardiac glycosides inhibit?

Which of the following is the main carrier for the transport of digested fat?

Which protein is synthesized in the intestine?

Bile salts are synthesized in the

Alpha-1,6-glucosidase is an enzyme in humans which is

Most nutrients are absorbed in the:

The digestion and absorption of starch involves hydrolysis to glucose

Which of the following is produced by the liver?

An enzyme present in saliva which hydrolyzes starch to produce free maltose is

Which statement about protein digestion in the stomach and intestines is FALSE?

What is the principal physiological function of bile salts?

Which digestive enzyme is NOT synthesized in the pancreas and secreted into the lumen of the intestine as a zymogen?

Dietary triglycerides are absorbed primarily as

Glucose absorption:

The formation of chylomicrons takes place in the

In a patient who has had a significant portion of the stomach removed in surgery, the action of which of the following enzymes would be significantly reduced?

The major function of chylomicrons is transport of

Which molecule is a zymogen activated by hydrolysis in the intestine?

Iron is stored in tissue primarily as

Eukaryotic Cell Structure

DNA and RNA: Composition and Structure

Protein I: Composition and Structure

DNA Replication, Recombination, and Repair

RNA: Transcription and Rna Processing

Protein Synthesis: Translation and Posttranslational Modifications

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Regulation of Gene Expression

Protein II: Structure-Function Relationships in Protein Families

Enzymes: Classification, Kinetics, and Control

The Cytochromes P450 and Nitric Oxide Synthases

Biological Membranes: Structure and Membrane Transport

Fundamentals of Signal Transduction

Bioenergetics and Oxidative Metabolism

Carbohydrate Metabolism I: Major Metabolic Pathways and Their Control

Carbohydrate Metabolism II: Special Pathways and Glycoconjugates

Lipid Metabolism I: Synthesis, Storage, and Utilization of Fatty Acids and Triacylglycerols

Lipid Metabolism II: Pathways of Metabolism of Special Lipids

Amino Acid Metabolism

Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleotide Metabolism

Metabolic Interrelationships

Biochemistry of Hormones

Molecular Cell Biology

Cell Cycle, Programmed Cell Death, and Cancer

Digestion and Absorption of Basic Nutritional Constituents

Principles of Nutrition I and II

Filters