Question 1

General guidelines for interpreting correlations, in a group study, as presented in your text indicate that a correlation of r=-.82 is considered

Accepted Answer

A)  un-interpretable. 
B)  low. 
C)  average. 
D)  strong. 
A)  un-interpretable. 
B)  low. 
C)  average. 
D)  strong.

Question 2

Sam concluded in his research report that as class size increased teaching efficacy also increased. Of the following which is a correlation coefficient would best support Sam's claim.

Accepted Answer

A)  -.82 
B)  .09 
C)  .24 
D)  .68 
A)  -.82 
B)  .09 
C)  .24 
D)  .68

Question 3

Cheryl used age, education, and income to predict scores on a life satisfaction survey. Her regression equation accounted for 58% of the variance in life satisfaction. She collects a new sample and applies her equation.
-This process is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  discriminate testing 
B)  sample attenuation 
C)  cross-validation 
D)  regression reliability 
A)  discriminate testing 
B)  sample attenuation 
C)  cross-validation 
D)  regression reliability

Question 4

Which of the following cannot be a correlation coefficient?

Accepted Answer

A)  -.80 
B)  0.0 
C)  .72 
D)  2.1 
A)  -.80 
B)  0.0 
C)  .72 
D)  2.1

Question 5

Paul found an internal consistency reliability coefficient of .85 for his self-esteem measure. Paul's instrument

Accepted Answer

A)  shows high internal consistency reliability. 
B)  indicates acceptable internal consistency reliability. 
C)  indicates minimally acceptable internal consistency reliability. 
D)  shows poor internal consistency reliability. 
A)  shows high internal consistency reliability. 
B)  indicates acceptable internal consistency reliability. 
C)  indicates minimally acceptable internal consistency reliability. 
D)  shows poor internal consistency reliability.

Question 6

Cindy wants to use a correlational analysis to predict if individuals' are field-dependent or field-independent. Which of the following analysis approaches should she use?

Accepted Answer

A)  Multiple Linear Regression 
B)  Canonical correlation 
C)  Discriminate function analysis 
D)  Path analysis 
A)  Multiple Linear Regression 
B)  Canonical correlation 
C)  Discriminate function analysis 
D)  Path analysis

Question 7

A correlation between reading and math achievement scores on a national standardized test for first graders indicates a correlation of r=.90. How much variance do these scores share?

Accepted Answer

A)  30% 
B)  45% 
C)  81% 
D)  90% 
A)  30% 
B)  45% 
C)  81% 
D)  90%

Question 8

Joni teaches a preschool class. She has eight students and ranks them based upon math and reading ability. She would like to see if there is a relationship between how well her students are ranked in math and in reading. Which of the following correlations should she use?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kendall's tau 
B)  Phi coefficient 
C)  Biserial 
D)  eta 
A)  Kendall's tau 
B)  Phi coefficient 
C)  Biserial 
D)  eta

Question 9

Which of the following correlation coefficients best represents the plot below?

Accepted Answer

A)  -.45 
B)  -.25 
C)  .15 
D)  .75 
A)  -.45 
B)  -.25 
C)  .15 
D)  .75

Question 10

George suspects that there is a curvilinear relationship in his data set. Which of the following correlation coefficient should George calculate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pearson 
B)  eta 
C)  Kendall's tau 
D)  Spearman rho 
A)  Pearson 
B)  eta 
C)  Kendall's tau 
D)  Spearman rho

Question 11

Testing the statistical significance of a correlation requires knowledge of

Accepted Answer

A)  mean, sample size, level of significance. 
B)  mean and level of significance. 
C)  level of significance and sample size. 
D)  sample size and mean. 
A)  mean, sample size, level of significance. 
B)  mean and level of significance. 
C)  level of significance and sample size. 
D)  sample size and mean.

Question 12

General guidelines for interpreting correlations in a group study as presented in your text indicate that a correlation of r=30 is considered

Accepted Answer

A)  not interpretable. 
B)  low and not important. 
C)  average but meaningful. 
D)  high and predictive. 
A)  not interpretable. 
B)  low and not important. 
C)  average but meaningful. 
D)  high and predictive.

Question 13

The correlation that Kim found in her study between math self-efficacy and enrollment in advanced mathematics was r=.25. Her correlation can be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  low. 
B)  meaningful. 
C)  strong. 
D)  predictive. 
A)  low. 
B)  meaningful. 
C)  strong. 
D)  predictive.

Question 14

Of the following research topics, which is most likely to represent a correlation study?

Accepted Answer

A)  The mathematics activities found in a sixth grade math class. 
B)  The teaching philosophy of a new mathematics teacher. 
C)  The predictive ability of mathematics grades in later math class enrollment. 
D)  The differences in mathematics grades based upon parents' educational level. 
A)  The mathematics activities found in a sixth grade math class. 
B)  The teaching philosophy of a new mathematics teacher. 
C)  The predictive ability of mathematics grades in later math class enrollment. 
D)  The differences in mathematics grades based upon parents' educational level.

Question 15

Data collection for types of correlation studies is generally

Accepted Answer

A)  longer than most qualitative approaches. 
B)  shorter for prediction studies than for correlation studies. 
C)  longer than most types of quantitative research. 
D)  shorter than most types of quantitative research. 
A)  longer than most qualitative approaches. 
B)  shorter for prediction studies than for correlation studies. 
C)  longer than most types of quantitative research. 
D)  shorter than most types of quantitative research.

Question 16

Correlational studies are used primarily to

Accepted Answer

A)  examine relationships among variables. 
B)  examine if differences between groups exist. 
C)  determine causal relationships. 
D)  determine if experimental treatments work. 
A)  examine relationships among variables. 
B)  examine if differences between groups exist. 
C)  determine causal relationships. 
D)  determine if experimental treatments work.

Question 17

Errors in instrument reliability

Accepted Answer

A)  do not effect interrelatedness of variables. 
B)  decrease the number of significant relationships found. 
C)  increase the number of significant relationships found. 
D)  may either increase of decrease the number of relationships between variables. 
A)  do not effect interrelatedness of variables. 
B)  decrease the number of significant relationships found. 
C)  increase the number of significant relationships found. 
D)  may either increase of decrease the number of relationships between variables.

Question 18

A Pearson r correlation is best used for data that is

Accepted Answer

A)  only ordinal level. 
B)  both ordinal and interval level. 
C)  only interval level. 
D)  both interval and ratio. 
A)  only ordinal level. 
B)  both ordinal and interval level. 
C)  only interval level. 
D)  both interval and ratio.

Question 19

Which of the following represents the correlation that Shenna reported when she concluded that there was a moderate relationship between self-concept and parents' ratings of children's self-concept?

Accepted Answer

A)  -.70 
B)  -.30 
C)  .00 
D)  .80 
A)  -.70 
B)  -.30 
C)  .00 
D)  .80

Question 20

Which of the following illustrates a correlational research topic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Do weight and number of days per week of exercise predict life satisfaction? 
B)  Are there differences between men and women in life satisfaction? 
C)  What are is someone with a high life satisfaction score like? 
D)  Are there self-esteem differences in children from either families with or without high life satisfaction? 
A)  Do weight and number of days per week of exercise predict life satisfaction? 
B)  Are there differences between men and women in life satisfaction? 
C)  What are is someone with a high life satisfaction score like? 
D)  Are there self-esteem differences in children from either families with or without high life satisfaction?

Exam 8: Correlational Research and Resources

General guidelines for interpreting correlations, in a group study, as presented in your text indicate that a correlation of r=-.82 is considered

Sam concluded in his research report that as class size increased teaching efficacy also increased. Of the following which is a correlation coefficient would best support Sam's claim.

Cheryl used age, education, and income to predict scores on a life satisfaction survey. Her regression equation accounted for 58% of the variance in life satisfaction. She collects a new sample and applies her equation. -This process is referred to as

Which of the following cannot be a correlation coefficient?

Paul found an internal consistency reliability coefficient of .85 for his self-esteem measure. Paul's instrument

Cindy wants to use a correlational analysis to predict if individuals' are field-dependent or field-independent. Which of the following analysis approaches should she use?

A correlation between reading and math achievement scores on a national standardized test for first graders indicates a correlation of r=.90. How much variance do these scores share?

Joni teaches a preschool class. She has eight students and ranks them based upon math and reading ability. She would like to see if there is a relationship between how well her students are ranked in math and in reading. Which of the following correlations should she use?

Which of the following correlation coefficients best represents the plot below?

George suspects that there is a curvilinear relationship in his data set. Which of the following correlation coefficient should George calculate?

Testing the statistical significance of a correlation requires knowledge of

General guidelines for interpreting correlations in a group study as presented in your text indicate that a correlation of r=30 is considered

The correlation that Kim found in her study between math self-efficacy and enrollment in advanced mathematics was r=.25. Her correlation can be described as

Of the following research topics, which is most likely to represent a correlation study?

Data collection for types of correlation studies is generally

Correlational studies are used primarily to

Errors in instrument reliability

A Pearson r correlation is best used for data that is

Which of the following represents the correlation that Shenna reported when she concluded that there was a moderate relationship between self-concept and parents' ratings of children's self-concept?

Which of the following illustrates a correlational research topic?

Introduction to Educational Research

Selecting and Defining a Research Topic

Reviewing the Literature

Preparing and Evaluating a Research Plan

Selecting a Sample

Selecting Measurement Instruments

Survey Research and Resources

Causal-Comparative Research

Experimental Research

Single-Subject Experimental Research

Descriptive Statistics Activities and Resources

Inferential Statistics

Qualitative Data Collection

Narrative Research

Ethnographic Research

Case Study Research

Qualitative Research: Data Analysis and Interpretation

Mixed Methods Research: Integrating Qualitative and Quantitative Methods

Action Research

Preparing a Research Report

Evaluating a Research Report

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