Exam 9: Causal-Comparative Research

Diana examines violence prevention programs. She is interested in the differences in number of referrals for violent behavior between two schools. One school has implemented a violence prevention program and the other has not. Diana is likely to use which of the following statistical procedures to analyze her data?

Which of the following is considered an ability variable?

37.-40. Katrina has conducted a study that examines entering children's social skills. She has first-grade teachers rate students' social skills at the end of first grade. She then compares the scores of students who attended formal Pre-Kindergarten programs with those who did not. -What is the independent variable in Katrina's study?

Of the following, which is an example of a retrospective causal-comparative approach?

Of the following which is an example of a prospective casual-comparative approach?

37.-40. Katrina has conducted a study that examines entering children's social skills. She has first-grade teachers rate students' social skills at the end of first grade. She then compares the scores of students who attended formal Pre-Kindergarten programs with those who did not. -What is the dependent variable in Katrina's study?

Of the following, which is most typical of an independent variable in a causal-comparative study?

In an action research study, Katlyn examined attitudes about a new portfolio assignment she included in her advanced graphics class. She felt this assignment might result in more positive attitudes in her male students than in her female students. -Of the following, this study might best be described as

Of the following, which likely describes a causal-comparative study?

Given the following design, identify the most probable example of the study from the options below. E X₁ O C X₂ O

Stan's study examined the differences in self-concept between children enrolled in a summer outdoor adventure program and those who were not. The adventure group children had slightly higher self-concept prior to the program than the comparison group, so Stan took individual's initial self-concept score into consideration when he examined his data. Which of the following strategies for controlling extraneous variables did Stan employ?

Of the following, which is considered an organismic variable?

The most common descriptive statistic used in causal-comparative research as a measure of variability is the

Paula examined differences in college persistence between students who took the SAT either before their junior year or during their junior year of high school. She compared students with the same score and found that students had taken the SAT before their junior year of high school were more likely to stay in college than those who had taken the SAT during their junior year. Paula employed which method for controlling the extraneous variable, performance, in her study?

Consider the following scenario as you answer these questions. Nala wants to determine if providing awards for science fair winners increases or decreases participation by average students. She thinks that by promoting science as a competition some children may decide not to participate. To address this question, Nala assigns schools in her district to two types, awarding or non-awarding schools and compares the participation rate of students in her two groups. -Given Nala's study, what is one extraneous variable she has considered?

Jon is a school director interested in the benefits of community service for student self-esteem. He administers a self-esteem measure at the beginning of the school year and then assigns students to one of three types of community service activities. In one type of service, the students complete 5 hours of community service of their choice. In the second type, students conduct 5 hours of community service as a group painting and renovating a shelter. In the third type, each child works for 5 hours when they are available at the local soup kitchen. After the service is complete he again measures their self-esteem to see differences. -What is the independent variable in Jon's study?

37.-40. Katrina has conducted a study that examines entering children's social skills. She has first-grade teachers rate students' social skills at the end of first grade. She then compares the scores of students who attended formal Pre-Kindergarten programs with those who did not. -Which of the following statistical procedures would Katrina use to analyze her data?

Causal comparative and experimental research both

All of the following are relative weaknesses of causal-comparative research when compared with other forms of quantitative research EXCEPT

The most common descriptive statistic used in causal-comparative research as a measure of central tendency is the