Exam 5: Concurrency: Mutual Exclusion and Synchronization

A semaphore that does not specify the order in which processes are removed from the queue is a _________ semaphore.

A means for two processes to exchange information is with the use of ___________ .

The management of multiple processes within a uniprocessor system is __________ .

A monitor supports synchronization by the use of __________ that are contained within the monitor and accessible only within the monitor.

A __________ relationship allows multiple server processes to provide concurrent service to multiple clients.

The requirement that when one process is in a critical section that accesses shared resources, no other process may be in a critical section that accesses any of those shared resources is _________ .

The term _________ refers to a technique in which a process can do nothing until it gets permission to enter its critical section but continues to execute an instruction or set of instructions that tests the appropriate variable to gain entrance.

A _________ is a mutual exclusion mechanism in which a process executes in an infinite loop waiting for the value of a lock variable to indicate availability.

In the case of competing processes three control problems must be faced: mutual exclusion, deadlock, and __________ .

Race condition is a situation in which two or more processes continuously change their states in response to changes in the other process(es) without doing any useful work.

_________ arises in three different contexts: multiple applications, structured applications, and operating system structure.

_________ is a section of code within a process that requires access to shared resources and that must not be executed while another process is in a corresponding section of code.

Atomicity guarantees isolation from concurrent processes.

The functioning of a process, and the output it produces, must be independent of the speed at which its execution is carried out relative to the speed of other concurrent processes.

_________ was invented to allow processing time to be dynamically shared among a number of active applications.

The case of cooperation by sharing covers processes that interact with other processes without being explicitly aware of them.

Only three operations may be performed on a semaphore: initialize, increment, and __________ .

_________ is when the sequence of instruction is guaranteed to execute as a group, or not execute at all, having no visible effect on system state.

__________ are memory words used as a synchronization mechanism.

A situation in which two or more processes are unable to proceed because each is waiting for one of the others to do something is a __________ .