Exam 9: C: Deviance

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Emile Durkheim, a prominent sociologist, believed that deviance serves several important functions for society as a whole. Firstly, he argued that deviance helps to clarify and reinforce societal norms and values. When individuals engage in deviant behavior, it highlights the boundaries of acceptable behavior and serves as a reminder of the consequences of violating these norms.

Secondly, Durkheim suggested that deviance can promote social unity and solidarity. When a deviant act occurs, it often leads to a collective response from the community, bringing people together to address the issue and reaffirm their shared values. This process of social reaction can strengthen social bonds and reinforce a sense of belonging and shared identity.

Thirdly, Durkheim proposed that deviance can also act as a catalyst for social change. By challenging existing norms and values, deviant behavior can prompt society to reevaluate and adapt its rules and regulations. This process of adaptation can lead to the evolution of societal norms and the development of new social structures that better reflect the needs and values of the community.

Lastly, Durkheim argued that deviance can serve as a safety valve for societal tensions and frustrations. By allowing individuals to express their discontent or dissatisfaction through deviant behavior, society can release built-up tensions and prevent more serious forms of social disruption. In this way, deviance can help to maintain social order and stability by providing an outlet for dissent and discontent.

In summary, according to Durkheim, deviance plays a crucial role in maintaining social order and cohesion by clarifying norms, promoting unity, stimulating change, and serving as a safety valve for societal tensions.