Exam 9: A: Deviance

Corporate crime refers to stealing or other crimes committed against a corporation or other large business.

What is considered deviant is mostly the same behavior all around the world.

"Primary deviance" refers to the most serious offenses.

Probation and parole are two types of community-based corrections.

Caesare Lombroso,an Italian physician and criminologist,claimed that most criminals were people who had been mistreated by society.

In general,people of higher social class position are less likely to be arrested for street crimes than people of lower class position.

The use of the death penalty differs across countries,but not time.

Walter Reckless and Simon Dinitz developed containment theory,which claims that a strong superego helps boys stay out of trouble.

The stigma of deviance can encourage an individual to engage in further deviance.

Frideres and Godacz note that Aboriginals are less likely than whites to be homicide suspects in most major Canadian cities.

Today in Canada,women are arrested for serious street crime as often as men are.

The medicalization of deviance idea points to the fact that most crimes are committed by people under the influence of an illegal drug.

Psychiatrist Thomas Szasz charges that the label of "insanity" is widely applied to behavior that is actually only "different."

Robert Merton claimed that the "strains of masculinity" are one important cause of crime.

Both violent and property crimes peaked in Canada and the U.S.in the early 1990s

People of Arabic,Asian and Indian (not Aboriginal)origin are less likely than whites to be imprisoned.

According to the social-conflict approach,deviance has a number of functions for the operation of society as a whole.

Emile Durkheim's analysis suggests it would be impossible for a society to completely eliminate deviance.

Crime is only one type of deviance.

Biological factors,including genetics,explain most criminal behavior.