Exam 7: Cognitive Development During the First Three Years

"Parentese" includes all the following characteristics EXCEPT:

Two-year-old Mindy is beginning to speak sentences using articles and prepositions.She is developing

Baby Stephanie stops sucking her thumb to listen to a tone.She resumes sucking and stops again when the tone sounds again.Later,after the tone has been repeated a number of times,she ignores it.This is an example of

Sandra has learned to squeeze her stuffed bear to make it squeak.When her father gives her a new stuffed giraffe,she squeezes it in just the same way as she did the bear.Sandra's behavior is an example of

Paulo causes a piano to make sounds by hitting the keys with his fists.Later,he tries to make the piano play by hitting the keys with a stuffed animal.According to Piaget,this behavior is representative of

Discuss the research pertaining to violation-of-expectations.How is it related to babies' thinking about characteristics of the real world?

A newborn who smiles at a smiling adult is engaging in ______ imitation.

When a baby is first habituated to seeing an event as it would normally happen and then sees it in a way that conflicts with his/her beliefs,it is known as

Three-month-old Francella likely communicates happiness through

Tobias sits with his mother and watches her bake bread.She shows him what she is doing and he works in parallel to her watching and modeling.In this way,he learns how to bake bread.Vygotsky and Rogoff called this guided participation.

Babies learn speech best from

A father talked on the telephone in front of his baby.The next day,the baby picked up a toy telephone and repeated his father's actions.According to Piaget,this is an example of

If a baby learns to associate that when it cries mom and dad come running,it is most likely due to operant conditioning.

One-year-old Jonathan has cookies for snack every afternoon.During snack time,whenever his dog Abby approaches,Jonathan quickly puts his cookie into his mouth.We may conclude that Jonathan has developed an organized pattern of behavior that Piaget referred to as a(n)

Ozzy is celebrating his first birthday.After he blows out the candles,he blows a kiss to his grandmother.Ozzy's attempt to communicate with his grandmother is called a

Describe the differences between the nativist approach to language acquisition and the learning theorist approach.Explain why many theorists maintain that our language abilities are a result of both approaches.

In Piaget's theory,a _____ is a simple behavior that is repeated often.

Which is generally accepted to be true of intelligence testing today?

Derek says,"Wa," meaning "I want some water." This is an example of

Piaget focuses heavily on the importance of reflexes and the development from involuntary to voluntary use of these mechanisms.