Question 1

According to Erikson,shame and doubt:

Accepted Answer

A) fills toddlers with inhibitions and undermines self-esteem. 
B) need to be balanced with autonomy. 
C) can interfere with the learning of self-regulation and self-restraint. 
D) should be replaced by unrestrained freedom. 
A) fills toddlers with inhibitions and undermines self-esteem. 
B) need to be balanced with autonomy. 
C) can interfere with the learning of self-regulation and self-restraint. 
D) should be replaced by unrestrained freedom. B

Question 2

A child's sense of being a physical whole within boundaries is called

Accepted Answer

A) self-efficacy. 
B) self-esteem. 
C) self-confidence. 
D) self-coherence. 
A) self-efficacy. 
B) self-esteem. 
C) self-confidence. 
D) self-coherence. D

Question 3

According to Erikson,which conflict occurs during toddlerhood?

Accepted Answer

A) Basic trust versus basic mistrust 
B) Initiative versus guilt 
C) Identity versus role confusion 
D) Autonomy versus shame and doubt 
A) Basic trust versus basic mistrust 
B) Initiative versus guilt 
C) Identity versus role confusion 
D) Autonomy versus shame and doubt D

Question 4

Which of the following has NOT been a criticism of the "Strange Situation" technique?

Accepted Answer

A) It asks mothers to refrain from initiating interaction with their babies. 
B) It provides a measure of mother-infant interaction in nonstressful situations,but it sheds little light on how well mothers and infants function under stress. 
C) It may be especially inappropriate for children of employed mothers who are used to routine separations from their mothers and the presence of other caregivers. 
D) It may not be valid in all cultures. 
A) It asks mothers to refrain from initiating interaction with their babies. 
B) It provides a measure of mother-infant interaction in nonstressful situations,but it sheds little light on how well mothers and infants function under stress. 
C) It may be especially inappropriate for children of employed mothers who are used to routine separations from their mothers and the presence of other caregivers. 
D) It may not be valid in all cultures.

Question 5

Most siblings are competitive and do not get along well.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Research on sibling relationships in infancy indicates that

Accepted Answer

A) babies do not generally begin to interact with their older siblings until they are at least 1 year old. 
B) the quality of each child's attachment to the parents predicts the quality of the sibling relationship. 
C) babies become attached to their adult caregivers but not to their siblings. 
D) 1-year-olds spend more time with their older siblings than with their mothers. 
A) babies do not generally begin to interact with their older siblings until they are at least 1 year old. 
B) the quality of each child's attachment to the parents predicts the quality of the sibling relationship. 
C) babies become attached to their adult caregivers but not to their siblings. 
D) 1-year-olds spend more time with their older siblings than with their mothers.

Question 7

The first stage of Erikson's psychosocial development is trust vs.mistrust.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

How does Erikson's crisis of autonomy versus shame and doubt influence a child's personality development? In your explanation,include the terms negativism and self-regulation.

Accepted Answer

Erikson's crisis of autonomy versus sham

Question 9

Kochanska's studies of the origins of conscience in children ages 26 to 41 months indicated that

Accepted Answer

A) children whose mothers characterized them as having internalized the household rules showed the most committed compliance. 
B) children whose compliance was only situational were just as likely as children with committed compliance to have internalized the rules of their household. 
C) internalization grows out of situational compliance. 
D) there was little continuity in committed compliance from the initial observation in toddlerhood to a follow-up observation in early childhood. 
A) children whose mothers characterized them as having internalized the household rules showed the most committed compliance. 
B) children whose compliance was only situational were just as likely as children with committed compliance to have internalized the rules of their household. 
C) internalization grows out of situational compliance. 
D) there was little continuity in committed compliance from the initial observation in toddlerhood to a follow-up observation in early childhood.

Question 10

Socialization depends on the _____ of societal standards of conduct.

Accepted Answer

A) rejection 
B) reciprocation 
C) internalization 
D) replication 
A) rejection 
B) reciprocation 
C) internalization 
D) replication

Question 11

Two-year-old Shoji insists on dressing herself even if her clothes do not match and are put on backwards.Shoji is in Erikson's stage of

Accepted Answer

A) basic trust versus basic mistrust. 
B) identity versus role confusion. 
C) autonomy versus shame and doubt. 
D) initiative versus guilt. 
A) basic trust versus basic mistrust. 
B) identity versus role confusion. 
C) autonomy versus shame and doubt. 
D) initiative versus guilt.

Question 12

Dabbing children's noses with rouge to see how they react when placed in front of a mirror is a test of

Accepted Answer

A) self-recognition. 
B) self-description. 
C) self-negativism. 
D) self-control. 
A) self-recognition. 
B) self-description. 
C) self-negativism. 
D) self-control.

Question 13

Some researchers argue that young children are increasingly experiencing hurt feelings as a result of competition with computers and smartphones.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Studies of functional MRI's indicate that mother's brains are activated when they see their baby smile or cry.They also show that the brain reacts the same way regardless of if it is their baby or someone else's.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Temperament is

Accepted Answer

A) an innate,nonlinguistic form of communication. 
B) another term for self-awareness. 
C) the learning of behaviors deemed appropriate by one's culture. 
D) one's style of approaching people and situations. 
A) an innate,nonlinguistic form of communication. 
B) another term for self-awareness. 
C) the learning of behaviors deemed appropriate by one's culture. 
D) one's style of approaching people and situations.

Question 16

Roberto and his mother are at the house of a cousin whom they rarely visit.Roberto stays with his mother when they first arrive but then begins to explore his new surroundings and discovers a playroom.Even though he appears to be comfortable,he still checks back with his mother periodically and then returns to his play.What type of attachment is Roberto demonstrating?

Accepted Answer

A) Ambivalant 
B) Avoidant 
C) Disorganized-disoriented 
D) Secure 
A) Ambivalant 
B) Avoidant 
C) Disorganized-disoriented 
D) Secure

Question 17

_____ is the process by which children develop the habits,skills,values,and motives that make them responsible,productive members of a society.

Accepted Answer

A) Self-actualization 
B) Socialization 
C) Selective regulation 
D) Auto-didacticism 
A) Self-actualization 
B) Socialization 
C) Selective regulation 
D) Auto-didacticism

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the temperament categories identified in the New York Longitudinal Study is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Approximately 90% of the children in the study sample fell into one of three categories. 
B) Nearly 40% of the children in the sample fell into the difficult category. 
C) Roughly 35% of the children in the sample did not fit neatly into any of the three categories. 
D) Situational variation in the nine components of temperament is unusual. 
A) Approximately 90% of the children in the study sample fell into one of three categories. 
B) Nearly 40% of the children in the sample fell into the difficult category. 
C) Roughly 35% of the children in the sample did not fit neatly into any of the three categories. 
D) Situational variation in the nine components of temperament is unusual.

Question 19

Which of the following was NOT used as an indicator of temperament according to the Rothbart Infant Behavior Questionnaire?

Accepted Answer

A) Eating habits 
B) Activity level 
C) Fear and frustration 
D) Positive emotion 
A) Eating habits 
B) Activity level 
C) Fear and frustration 
D) Positive emotion

Question 20

Which of the following gender differences is supported by research?

Accepted Answer

A) Boys are taller and heavier than girls. 
B) Boys are physically more vulnerable than girls. 
C) Boy's brains are larger than girls at birth. 
D) All of the above are true. 
A) Boys are taller and heavier than girls. 
B) Boys are physically more vulnerable than girls. 
C) Boy's brains are larger than girls at birth. 
D) All of the above are true.

According to Erikson,shame and doubt:

A child's sense of being a physical whole within boundaries is called

According to Erikson,which conflict occurs during toddlerhood?

Which of the following has NOT been a criticism of the "Strange Situation" technique?

Most siblings are competitive and do not get along well.

Research on sibling relationships in infancy indicates that

The first stage of Erikson's psychosocial development is trust vs.mistrust.

How does Erikson's crisis of autonomy versus shame and doubt influence a child's personality development? In your explanation,include the terms negativism and self-regulation.

Kochanska's studies of the origins of conscience in children ages 26 to 41 months indicated that

Socialization depends on the _____ of societal standards of conduct.

Two-year-old Shoji insists on dressing herself even if her clothes do not match and are put on backwards.Shoji is in Erikson's stage of

Dabbing children's noses with rouge to see how they react when placed in front of a mirror is a test of

Some researchers argue that young children are increasingly experiencing hurt feelings as a result of competition with computers and smartphones.

Studies of functional MRI's indicate that mother's brains are activated when they see their baby smile or cry.They also show that the brain reacts the same way regardless of if it is their baby or someone else's.

Temperament is

_____ is the process by which children develop the habits,skills,values,and motives that make them responsible,productive members of a society.

Which of the following statements about the temperament categories identified in the New York Longitudinal Study is correct?

Which of the following was NOT used as an indicator of temperament according to the Rothbart Infant Behavior Questionnaire?

Which of the following gender differences is supported by research?

Studying a Childs World

A Childs World: How We Discover It

Forming a New Life: Conception,heredity,and Environment

Pregnancy and Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development and Health During the First Three Years

Cognitive Development During the First Three Years

Physical Development and Health in Early Childhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development and Health in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood

Physical Development and Health in Adolescence

Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Psychosocial Development in Adolescence

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Exam 8: Psychosocial Development During the First Three Years

According to Erikson,shame and doubt:

A child's sense of being a physical whole within boundaries is called

According to Erikson,which conflict occurs during toddlerhood?

Which of the following has NOT been a criticism of the "Strange Situation" technique?

Most siblings are competitive and do not get along well.

Research on sibling relationships in infancy indicates that

The first stage of Erikson's psychosocial development is trust vs.mistrust.

How does Erikson's crisis of autonomy versus shame and doubt influence a child's personality development? In your explanation,include the terms negativism and self-regulation.

Kochanska's studies of the origins of conscience in children ages 26 to 41 months indicated that

Socialization depends on the _____ of societal standards of conduct.

Two-year-old Shoji insists on dressing herself even if her clothes do not match and are put on backwards.Shoji is in Erikson's stage of

Dabbing children's noses with rouge to see how they react when placed in front of a mirror is a test of

Some researchers argue that young children are increasingly experiencing hurt feelings as a result of competition with computers and smartphones.

Studies of functional MRI's indicate that mother's brains are activated when they see their baby smile or cry.They also show that the brain reacts the same way regardless of if it is their baby or someone else's.

Temperament is

_____ is the process by which children develop the habits,skills,values,and motives that make them responsible,productive members of a society.

Which of the following statements about the temperament categories identified in the New York Longitudinal Study is correct?

Which of the following was NOT used as an indicator of temperament according to the Rothbart Infant Behavior Questionnaire?

Which of the following gender differences is supported by research?

Studying a Childs World

A Childs World: How We Discover It

Forming a New Life: Conception,heredity,and Environment

Pregnancy and Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development and Health During the First Three Years

Cognitive Development During the First Three Years

Physical Development and Health in Early Childhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development and Health in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood

Physical Development and Health in Adolescence

Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Psychosocial Development in Adolescence

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