Question 1

Using the same subjects in each condition in an experiment is to using different subjects in each condition in an experiment as _____ is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) between-subjects design; within-subjects design 
B) control group; experimental group 
C) within-subjects design; between-subjects design 
D) experimental group; control group 
A) between-subjects design; within-subjects design 
B) control group; experimental group 
C) within-subjects design; between-subjects design 
D) experimental group; control group

Question 2

When we use different subjects in each condition,but they are related on some variable or variables,we are using a _____ design.

Accepted Answer

A) matched-subjects 
B) between-subjects 
C) within-subjects 
D) across-subjects 
A) matched-subjects 
B) between-subjects 
C) within-subjects 
D) across-subjects

Question 3

Sometimes it is difficult to generalize the results of a study to the population because of the _____ problem.

Accepted Answer

A) diffusion of treatment 
B) college sophomore 
C) regression to the mean 
D) mortality 
A) diffusion of treatment 
B) college sophomore 
C) regression to the mean 
D) mortality

Question 4

A design in which the participants in the experimental and control groups are related in some way is a _____ design.

Accepted Answer

A) correlated-groups 
B) between-subjects 
C) across-subjects 
D) none of the options is correct 
A) correlated-groups 
B) between-subjects 
C) across-subjects 
D) none of the options is correct

Question 5

Briefly explain the confounds of testing and regression to the mean.

Accepted Answer

Testing is a threat to internal validity

Question 6

Independent variable is to dependent variable as _____ is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) measure; manipulate 
B) manipulate; measure 
C) control group; experimental group 
D) experimental group; control group 
A) measure; manipulate 
B) manipulate; measure 
C) control group; experimental group 
D) experimental group; control group

Question 7

_____ is a strength of matched-subjects designs but a weakness of between-subjects designs.

Accepted Answer

A) Equivalency of groups 
B) Minimized testing effects 
C) Minimized demand characteristics 
D) none of the above 
A) Equivalency of groups 
B) Minimized testing effects 
C) Minimized demand characteristics 
D) none of the above

Question 8

In an experimental study of the effects of exercise on stress,exercise is the

Accepted Answer

A) dependent variable. 
B) independent variable. 
C) control group. 
D) experimental group 
A) dependent variable. 
B) independent variable. 
C) control group. 
D) experimental group

Question 9

In an experimental study of the effects of exercise on stress,subjects are randomly assigned to either the no exercise or the exercise conditions.Identify what type of study this is-between-,within-,or matched-subjects.In addition,identify the independent and dependent variables and the control and experimental groups.

Accepted Answer

This is a between-subjects design.The in

Question 10

Alison's bathroom scale will not register a weight of more than 130 pounds.Alison does not realize this,and therefore is unaware that she has put on a few pounds until she begins to notice how tight her clothes are.This illustrates the confound of a _____ effect.

Accepted Answer

A) ceiling 
B) floor 
C) practice 
D) fatigue 
A) ceiling 
B) floor 
C) practice 
D) fatigue

Question 11

After participating in an experiment on the effects of alcohol on sociability,Megan could not wait to return to her sorority house to tell all of her sisters about it.In this situation,the researcher should be concerned with the confound of

Accepted Answer

A) mortality. 
B) regression to the mean. 
C) testing. 
D) diffusion of treatment. 
A) mortality. 
B) regression to the mean. 
C) testing. 
D) diffusion of treatment.

Question 12

Changes that occur naturally in the subjects,over time could result in the confound of

Accepted Answer

A) history. 
B) maturation. 
C) regression to the mean. 
D) diffusion of treatment. 
A) history. 
B) maturation. 
C) regression to the mean. 
D) diffusion of treatment.

Question 13

_____ are more of a concern for _____-subject designs,but tend not to be as great a concern for _____-subject designs.

Accepted Answer

A) Order effects; within; between 
B) Order effects; between; within 
C) Demand characteristics; between; within 
D) none of the options is correct 
A) Order effects; within; between 
B) Order effects; between; within 
C) Demand characteristics; between; within 
D) none of the options is correct

Question 14

Briefly explain the confounds of instrumentation and mortality.

Accepted Answer

Instrumentation is a threat to internal

Question 15

When subjects are lost differentially from the experimental and control groups,any observed effect may be due to

Accepted Answer

A) mortality. 
B) instrumentation. 
C) diffusion of treatment. 
D) history. 
A) mortality. 
B) instrumentation. 
C) diffusion of treatment. 
D) history.

Question 16

Concerns for within-subjects designs frequently include _____ and _____.

Accepted Answer

A) order effects; nonequivalent control groups 
B) carryover effects; mortality 
C) carryover effects; order effects 
D) all of the options are correct 
A) order effects; nonequivalent control groups 
B) carryover effects; mortality 
C) carryover effects; order effects 
D) all of the options are correct

Question 17

The best advice for those considering retaking the SAT is that if your score was below average you probably ____ retake the test,and if your score was above average you probably ____ retake the test due to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) should; should; mortality 
B) should; should not; regression to the mean 
C) should not; should; regression to the mean 
D) should; should not; mortality 
A) should; should; mortality 
B) should; should not; regression to the mean 
C) should not; should; regression to the mean 
D) should; should not; mortality

Question 18

When we can generalize from the sample used in a study to the population of interest we say that the study has _____ validity.

Accepted Answer

A) internal 
B) external 
C) construct 
D) content 
A) internal 
B) external 
C) construct 
D) content

Question 19

To say that an experiment contains a confound means that

Accepted Answer

A) different subjects are assigned to each group. 
B) the dependent variable is measured. 
C) the independent variable is manipulated. 
D) there is an uncontrolled extraneous variable in the experiment. 
A) different subjects are assigned to each group. 
B) the dependent variable is measured. 
C) the independent variable is manipulated. 
D) there is an uncontrolled extraneous variable in the experiment.

Question 20

Differentiate between an exact replication,a systematic replication,and a conceptual replication.

Accepted Answer

An exact replication involves repeating

Using the same subjects in each condition in an experiment is to using different subjects in each condition in an experiment as _ is to _.

When we use different subjects in each condition,but they are related on some variable or variables,we are using a _____ design.

Sometimes it is difficult to generalize the results of a study to the population because of the _____ problem.

A design in which the participants in the experimental and control groups are related in some way is a _____ design.

Briefly explain the confounds of testing and regression to the mean.

Independent variable is to dependent variable as _ is to _.

_____ is a strength of matched-subjects designs but a weakness of between-subjects designs.

In an experimental study of the effects of exercise on stress,exercise is the

Alison's bathroom scale will not register a weight of more than 130 pounds.Alison does not realize this,and therefore is unaware that she has put on a few pounds until she begins to notice how tight her clothes are.This illustrates the confound of a _____ effect.

After participating in an experiment on the effects of alcohol on sociability,Megan could not wait to return to her sorority house to tell all of her sisters about it.In this situation,the researcher should be concerned with the confound of

Changes that occur naturally in the subjects,over time could result in the confound of

___ are more of a concern for _-subject designs,but tend not to be as great a concern for ___-subject designs.

Briefly explain the confounds of instrumentation and mortality.

When subjects are lost differentially from the experimental and control groups,any observed effect may be due to

Concerns for within-subjects designs frequently include _ and _.

The best advice for those considering retaking the SAT is that if your score was below average you probably retake the test,and if your score was above average you probably retake the test due to _.

When we can generalize from the sample used in a study to the population of interest we say that the study has _____ validity.

To say that an experiment contains a confound means that

Differentiate between an exact replication,a systematic replication,and a conceptual replication.

Thinking Like a Scientist

Getting Started: Ideas, resources, and Ethics

Defining, measuring, and Manipulating Variables

Descriptive Methods

Data Organization and Descriptive Statistics

Correlational Methods and Statistics

Probability and Hypothesis Testing

Introduction to Inferential Statistics

Inferential Statistics: Two-Group Designs

Experimental Designs With More Than Two Levels of an Independent Variable

Complex Experimental Design

Quasi-Experimental and Single-Case Designs

Apa Communication Guidelines

Filters

Exam 9: The Logic of Experimental Design

Using the same subjects in each condition in an experiment is to using different subjects in each condition in an experiment as _____ is to _____.

When we use different subjects in each condition,but they are related on some variable or variables,we are using a _____ design.

Sometimes it is difficult to generalize the results of a study to the population because of the _____ problem.

A design in which the participants in the experimental and control groups are related in some way is a _____ design.

Briefly explain the confounds of testing and regression to the mean.

Independent variable is to dependent variable as _____ is to _____.

_____ is a strength of matched-subjects designs but a weakness of between-subjects designs.

In an experimental study of the effects of exercise on stress,exercise is the

Alison's bathroom scale will not register a weight of more than 130 pounds.Alison does not realize this,and therefore is unaware that she has put on a few pounds until she begins to notice how tight her clothes are.This illustrates the confound of a _____ effect.

After participating in an experiment on the effects of alcohol on sociability,Megan could not wait to return to her sorority house to tell all of her sisters about it.In this situation,the researcher should be concerned with the confound of

Changes that occur naturally in the subjects,over time could result in the confound of

_____ are more of a concern for _____-subject designs,but tend not to be as great a concern for _____-subject designs.

Briefly explain the confounds of instrumentation and mortality.

When subjects are lost differentially from the experimental and control groups,any observed effect may be due to

Concerns for within-subjects designs frequently include _____ and _____.

The best advice for those considering retaking the SAT is that if your score was below average you probably ____ retake the test,and if your score was above average you probably ____ retake the test due to _____.

When we can generalize from the sample used in a study to the population of interest we say that the study has _____ validity.

To say that an experiment contains a confound means that

Differentiate between an exact replication,a systematic replication,and a conceptual replication.

Thinking Like a Scientist

Getting Started: Ideas, resources, and Ethics

Defining, measuring, and Manipulating Variables

Descriptive Methods

Data Organization and Descriptive Statistics

Correlational Methods and Statistics

Probability and Hypothesis Testing

Introduction to Inferential Statistics

Inferential Statistics: Two-Group Designs

Experimental Designs With More Than Two Levels of an Independent Variable

Complex Experimental Design

Quasi-Experimental and Single-Case Designs

Apa Communication Guidelines

Filters

Using the same subjects in each condition in an experiment is to using different subjects in each condition in an experiment as _ is to _.

Independent variable is to dependent variable as _ is to _.

___ are more of a concern for _-subject designs,but tend not to be as great a concern for ___-subject designs.

Concerns for within-subjects designs frequently include _ and _.

The best advice for those considering retaking the SAT is that if your score was below average you probably retake the test,and if your score was above average you probably retake the test due to _.