Question 1

Formation of entrenched meanders can result from a

Accepted Answer

A) low-gradient river followed by downcutting. 
B) braided river that later exceeds its capacity to carry sediment. 
C) braided river followed by regional uplift. 
D) steep-gradient mountain stream following by an increase in precipitation. 
A) low-gradient river followed by downcutting. 
B) braided river that later exceeds its capacity to carry sediment. 
C) braided river followed by regional uplift. 
D) steep-gradient mountain stream following by an increase in precipitation.

Question 2

What typically happens when tributaries join the main river?

Accepted Answer

A) channel size increases 
B) water velocity increases 
C) the amount of discharge increases 
D) total sediment load increases 
E) All of these. 
A) channel size increases 
B) water velocity increases 
C) the amount of discharge increases 
D) total sediment load increases 
E) All of these.

Question 3

If a river originates 200 meters above sea level and travels 100 kilometers to the ocean, what is the average gradient in meters per kilometer?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.2 meters per kilometer 
B) 0.5 meters per kilometer 
C) 2 meters per kilometer 
D) 5 meters per kilometer 
E) None of these. 
A) 0.2 meters per kilometer 
B) 0.5 meters per kilometer 
C) 2 meters per kilometer 
D) 5 meters per kilometer 
E) None of these.

Question 4

What is the most important data for studying the potential for flooding along a river for several decades into the future?

Accepted Answer

A) precipitation records 
B) newspaper accounts of previous floods 
C) satellite photographs taken every ten years 
D) discharge data from stream gauges 
A) precipitation records 
B) newspaper accounts of previous floods 
C) satellite photographs taken every ten years 
D) discharge data from stream gauges

Question 5

What are some effects of building a dam?

Accepted Answer

A) A stream has more sediment below the dam and so can erode more efficiently. 
B) The reservoir (lake)traps sediment that over time fills up part of the reservoir. 
C) A dam, whether constructed by nature or by humans, represents a permanent change in base level. 
D) The stream erodes into the land instead of depositing sediment, where it enters the reservoir. 
A) A stream has more sediment below the dam and so can erode more efficiently. 
B) The reservoir (lake)traps sediment that over time fills up part of the reservoir. 
C) A dam, whether constructed by nature or by humans, represents a permanent change in base level. 
D) The stream erodes into the land instead of depositing sediment, where it enters the reservoir.

Question 6

Which of the following features is NOT formed by stream deposition?

Accepted Answer

A) broad plains next to a braided stream 
B) a floodplain 
C) a delta 
D) a waterfall 
A) broad plains next to a braided stream 
B) a floodplain 
C) a delta 
D) a waterfall

Question 7

Which of the following sediment sizes is likely to be transported mostly on the bottom of the stream bed?

Accepted Answer

A) fine sand 
B) sticky clay particles 
C) pebbles and cobbles 
D) dissolved materials 
A) fine sand 
B) sticky clay particles 
C) pebbles and cobbles 
D) dissolved materials

Question 8

Which of the following is true about the 1993 upper Mississippi River flood and 1976 Thompson River flood?

Accepted Answer

A) Both floods lasted approximately the same amount of time. 
B) Both floods resulted from similar-sized storms. 
C) In both floods, most damage occurred on a broad floodplain adjacent to the river. 
D) None of these. 
A) Both floods lasted approximately the same amount of time. 
B) Both floods resulted from similar-sized storms. 
C) In both floods, most damage occurred on a broad floodplain adjacent to the river. 
D) None of these.

Question 9

Which of the following can influence a stream's profile?

Accepted Answer

A) a rise in sea level 
B) a fall in sea level 
C) tectonics 
D) All of these. 
A) a rise in sea level 
B) a fall in sea level 
C) tectonics 
D) All of these.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT true about braided streams?

Accepted Answer

A) These streams form where the sediment is plentiful and dominated by clay and silt. 
B) The amount of sediment is close to or exceeds the stream's capacity to carry it. 
C) More than one channel can carry water and sediment. 
D) They can have a fairly straight overall path or gentle curves. 
A) These streams form where the sediment is plentiful and dominated by clay and silt. 
B) The amount of sediment is close to or exceeds the stream's capacity to carry it. 
C) More than one channel can carry water and sediment. 
D) They can have a fairly straight overall path or gentle curves.

Question 11

This plot shows the highest flow event that occurred each year on the Yellowstone River between 1924 and the 1990s.What is the maximum size of flood that probably can occur here?

Accepted Answer

A) up to 8,000 cubic meters per second 
B) more than 8,000 cubic meters per second and less than 9,000 cubic meters per second 
C) anything less than 9,000 cubic meters per second 
D) more than 9,000 cubic meters per second is possible 
A) up to 8,000 cubic meters per second 
B) more than 8,000 cubic meters per second and less than 9,000 cubic meters per second 
C) anything less than 9,000 cubic meters per second 
D) more than 9,000 cubic meters per second is possible

Question 12

Which of the following is true about the formation and migration of meanders?

Accepted Answer

A) most floodplains do not preserve evidence of the former position of meanders 
B) flow velocity is highest when water takes a shortcut around the inside of a bend 
C) meanders migrate inward as sediment is deposited on the inside bend 
D) migration of meanders back and forth can help form a floodplain 
E) None of these. 
A) most floodplains do not preserve evidence of the former position of meanders 
B) flow velocity is highest when water takes a shortcut around the inside of a bend 
C) meanders migrate inward as sediment is deposited on the inside bend 
D) migration of meanders back and forth can help form a floodplain 
E) None of these.

Question 13

Which of the following is unlikely to cause deposition of sediment along a stream?

Accepted Answer

A) a decrease in gradient 
B) a decrease in water velocity 
C) a drop in sea level 
D) None of these. 
A) a decrease in gradient 
B) a decrease in water velocity 
C) a drop in sea level 
D) None of these.

Question 14

The lowest notch shown on this figure is 9 meters wide and 5 meters high from its base.The river has a velocity of 1 meter per second when it fills the notch.Based on the accompanying graph, what is the probability each year that the notch will be filled to the top?

Accepted Answer

A) 90 to 95% 
B) 60 to 80% 
C) 40 to 45% 
D) less than 40% 
E) None of these. 
A) 90 to 95% 
B) 60 to 80% 
C) 40 to 45% 
D) less than 40% 
E) None of these.

Question 15

The size of clasts that a stream can carry is primarily controlled by

Accepted Answer

A) the water temperature. 
B) the amount of dissolved and suspended load of a stream. 
C) how close the stream is to the ocean. 
D) the velocity and turbulence of the current. 
E) whether it is a permanent or ephemeral stream. 
A) the water temperature. 
B) the amount of dissolved and suspended load of a stream. 
C) how close the stream is to the ocean. 
D) the velocity and turbulence of the current. 
E) whether it is a permanent or ephemeral stream.

Formation of entrenched meanders can result from a

What typically happens when tributaries join the main river?

If a river originates 200 meters above sea level and travels 100 kilometers to the ocean, what is the average gradient in meters per kilometer?

What is the most important data for studying the potential for flooding along a river for several decades into the future?

What are some effects of building a dam?

Which of the following features is NOT formed by stream deposition?

Which of the following sediment sizes is likely to be transported mostly on the bottom of the stream bed?

Which of the following is true about the 1993 upper Mississippi River flood and 1976 Thompson River flood?

Which of the following can influence a stream's profile?

Which of the following is NOT true about braided streams?

This plot shows the highest flow event that occurred each year on the Yellowstone River between 1924 and the 1990s.What is the maximum size of flood that probably can occur here?

Which of the following is true about the formation and migration of meanders?

Which of the following is unlikely to cause deposition of sediment along a stream?

The lowest notch shown on this figure is 9 meters wide and 5 meters high from its base.The river has a velocity of 1 meter per second when it fills the notch.Based on the accompanying graph, what is the probability each year that the notch will be filled to the top?

The size of clasts that a stream can carry is primarily controlled by

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Exam 13: Streams and Flooding

Formation of entrenched meanders can result from a

What typically happens when tributaries join the main river?

If a river originates 200 meters above sea level and travels 100 kilometers to the ocean, what is the average gradient in meters per kilometer?

What is the most important data for studying the potential for flooding along a river for several decades into the future?

What are some effects of building a dam?

Which of the following features is NOT formed by stream deposition?

Which of the following sediment sizes is likely to be transported mostly on the bottom of the stream bed?

Which of the following is true about the 1993 upper Mississippi River flood and 1976 Thompson River flood?

Which of the following can influence a stream's profile?

Which of the following is NOT true about braided streams?

This plot shows the highest flow event that occurred each year on the Yellowstone River between 1924 and the 1990s.What is the maximum size of flood that probably can occur here?

Which of the following is true about the formation and migration of meanders?

Which of the following is unlikely to cause deposition of sediment along a stream?

The lowest notch shown on this figure is 9 meters wide and 5 meters high from its base.The river has a velocity of 1 meter per second when it fills the notch.Based on the accompanying graph, what is the probability each year that the notch will be filled to the top?

The size of clasts that a stream can carry is primarily controlled by

The Nature of Physical Geography

Energy and Matter in the Atmosphere

Atmospheric Motion

Atmospheric Moisture

Weather Systems and Severe Weather

Atmosphere - Ocean - Crysophere Interactions

Climates Around the World

Water Resources

Understanding Landscapes

Plate Tectonics and Regional Features

Volcanoes, Deformation, and Earthquakes

Weathering and Mass Wasting

Glaciers and Glacial Landforms

Coasts and Changing Sea Levels

Soils

Ecosystems and Biogeochemical Cycles

Biomes

Filters