Question 1

Step 7 of the citric acid cycle is shown. Which statement best describes what occurs in this step?

Accepted Answer

A) Fumarate undergoes hydrolysis with the aid of the enzyme fumarase. 
B) Fumarate undergoes reduction with the aid of the cofactor fumarase. 
C) Fumarate undergoes hydrogenation with hydrogens and electrons provided by the enzyme fumarase. 
D) Fumarate undergoes hydration with the aid of the enzyme fumarase. 
A) Fumarate undergoes hydrolysis with the aid of the enzyme fumarase. 
B) Fumarate undergoes reduction with the aid of the cofactor fumarase. 
C) Fumarate undergoes hydrogenation with hydrogens and electrons provided by the enzyme fumarase. 
D) Fumarate undergoes hydration with the aid of the enzyme fumarase.

Question 2

Which intermediate in the citric acid cycle is a secondary alcohol?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E) Two of the intermediates above are secondary alcohols. 
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E) Two of the intermediates above are secondary alcohols.

Question 3

Why is hydrogen cyanide, HCN, poisonous?

Accepted Answer

A) HCN is a strong acid, dramatically altering the pH in cells. 
B) Cyanide ions (-CN)irreversibly bind to the Fe3+ ion of cytochrome oxidase. 
C) Cyanide ions (-CN)irreversibly bind to acetyl CoA. 
D) Cyanide ions (-CN)irreversibly bind to NAD+. 
A) HCN is a strong acid, dramatically altering the pH in cells. 
B) Cyanide ions (-CN)irreversibly bind to the Fe3+ ion of cytochrome oxidase. 
C) Cyanide ions (-CN)irreversibly bind to acetyl CoA. 
D) Cyanide ions (-CN)irreversibly bind to NAD+.

Question 4

Which is the abbreviated structure of acetyl CoA?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)

Question 5

The primary function of the citric acid cycle in metabolism is to synthesize ATP from the energy produced in the hydrolysis of citric acid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

At the end of the electron transport chain, the electrons and protons (obtained from the reduced coenzymes or the matrix of the mitochondrion)react with inhaled oxygen to form _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of At the end of the electron transport...

Question 7

In the electron transport chain, H+ ions are pumped across the inner membrane of the mitochondrion, forming a high concentration of H+ ions in the intermembrane space, thus creating a potential energy gradient.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

At which stage of metabolism is the most energy in the form of ATP produced?

Accepted Answer

A) electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation 
B) digestion 
C) citric acid cycle 
D) transcription 
A) electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation 
B) digestion 
C) citric acid cycle 
D) transcription

Question 9

Which product(s)of the citric acid cycle are funneled into the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP 
B) NAD+ and FAD 
C) NADH, FADH2, and H+ 
D) NADH, FADH2, H+, and ATP 
A) ATP 
B) NAD+ and FAD 
C) NADH, FADH2, and H+ 
D) NADH, FADH2, H+, and ATP

Question 10

How many molecules of CO2 are produced for each turn of the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 4 
D) 8 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 4 
D) 8

Question 11

GTP is a high energy compound.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

What is the primary function of the citric acid cycle in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A) to break down food molecules into smaller components so they can be absorbed by the blood 
B) to synthesize ATP from the energy produced in the hydrolysis of citric acid 
C) to provide the enzymes necessary to aid in the hydrolysis of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids 
D) to convert acetyl groups to CO2 molecules and provide reduced coenzymes for the electron transport chain 
A) to break down food molecules into smaller components so they can be absorbed by the blood 
B) to synthesize ATP from the energy produced in the hydrolysis of citric acid 
C) to provide the enzymes necessary to aid in the hydrolysis of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids 
D) to convert acetyl groups to CO2 molecules and provide reduced coenzymes for the electron transport chain

Question 13

In which stage of catabolism is starch hydrolyzed to glucose with the aid of the enzyme amylase?

Accepted Answer

A) Stage [1] 
B) Stage [2] 
C) Stage [3] 
D) Stage [4] 
A) Stage [1] 
B) Stage [2] 
C) Stage [3] 
D) Stage [4]

Question 14

By the end of step [4] of the citric acid cycle, _____ carbons are lost as CO2 and _____ molecules of NADH are formed.

Accepted Answer

Question 15

The structure of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)is shown here.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Since more energy is released from the hydrolysis of creatine phosphate than is needed for the phosphorylation of ADP, the coupling of these two reactions results in the formation of ATP from ADP.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

What is the classification of the reaction shown?

Accepted Answer

A) oxidation 
B) reduction 
C) decarboxylation 
D) hydrolysis 
E) isomerization 
A) oxidation 
B) reduction 
C) decarboxylation 
D) hydrolysis 
E) isomerization

Question 18

The main function of the citric acid cycle is to produce _____ that enter the electron transport chain and ultimately produce _____.

Accepted Answer

reduced co

Question 19

All steps of the citric acid cycle are enzyme catalyzed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Where does the electron transport chain process take place?

Accepted Answer

A) in the inner membrane of mitochondria 
B) in the outer membrane of mitochondria 
C) in the intermembrane space of mitochondria 
D) in the matrix of mitochondria 
A) in the inner membrane of mitochondria 
B) in the outer membrane of mitochondria 
C) in the intermembrane space of mitochondria 
D) in the matrix of mitochondria

Exam 23: Digestion and the Conversion of Food Into Energy

Step 7 of the citric acid cycle is shown. Which statement best describes what occurs in this step?

Which intermediate in the citric acid cycle is a secondary alcohol?

Why is hydrogen cyanide, HCN, poisonous?

Which is the abbreviated structure of acetyl CoA?

The primary function of the citric acid cycle in metabolism is to synthesize ATP from the energy produced in the hydrolysis of citric acid.

At the end of the electron transport chain, the electrons and protons (obtained from the reduced coenzymes or the matrix of the mitochondrion)react with inhaled oxygen to form _____.

In the electron transport chain, H+ ions are pumped across the inner membrane of the mitochondrion, forming a high concentration of H+ ions in the intermembrane space, thus creating a potential energy gradient.

At which stage of metabolism is the most energy in the form of ATP produced?

Which product(s)of the citric acid cycle are funneled into the electron transport chain?

How many molecules of CO2 are produced for each turn of the citric acid cycle?

GTP is a high energy compound.

What is the primary function of the citric acid cycle in metabolism?

In which stage of catabolism is starch hydrolyzed to glucose with the aid of the enzyme amylase?

By the end of step [4] of the citric acid cycle, _____ carbons are lost as CO2 and _____ molecules of NADH are formed.

The structure of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)is shown here.

Since more energy is released from the hydrolysis of creatine phosphate than is needed for the phosphorylation of ADP, the coupling of these two reactions results in the formation of ATP from ADP.

What is the classification of the reaction shown?

The main function of the citric acid cycle is to produce _____ that enter the electron transport chain and ultimately produce _____.

All steps of the citric acid cycle are enzyme catalyzed.

Where does the electron transport chain process take place?

Matter and Measurement

Atoms and the Periodic Table

Ionic Compounds

Covalent Compounds

Chemical Reactions

Energy Changes, Reaction Rates, and Equilibrium

Gases, Liquids, and Solids

Solutions

Acids and Bases

Nuclear Chemistry

Introduction to Organic Molecules and Functional Groups

Alkanes

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

Organic Compounds That Contain Oxygen, Halogen, or Sulfur

The Three-Dimensional Shape of Molecules

Aldehydes and Ketones

Carboxylic Acids, Esters, and Amides

Amines and Neurotransmitters

Lipids

Carbohydrates

Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Carbohydrate, Lipid, and Protein Metabolism

Filters

In the electron transport chain, H⁺ ions are pumped across the inner membrane of the mitochondrion, forming a high concentration of H⁺ ions in the intermembrane space, thus creating a potential energy gradient.

How many molecules of CO₂ are produced for each turn of the citric acid cycle?

By the end of step [4] of the citric acid cycle, _ carbons are lost as CO₂ and _ molecules of NADH are formed.

The main function of the citric acid cycle is to produce _ that enter the electron transport chain and ultimately produce _.