Question 1

Formal organizations may vary in

Accepted Answer

A) size. 
B) degree of efficiency. 
C) specificity of goals. 
D) All of these answers are correct. 
A) size. 
B) degree of efficiency. 
C) specificity of goals. 
D) All of these answers are correct. D

Question 2

Bureaucratization is

Accepted Answer

A) an element or process of society that may disrupt a social system or lead to a decrease in stability. 
B) organized patterns of beliefs and behavior centered on basic social needs. 
C) the process by which a group,organization,or social movement becomes increasingly bureaucratic. 
D) the process through which an organization identifies an entirely new objective because its traditional goals have been either realized or denied. 
A) an element or process of society that may disrupt a social system or lead to a decrease in stability. 
B) organized patterns of beliefs and behavior centered on basic social needs. 
C) the process by which a group,organization,or social movement becomes increasingly bureaucratic. 
D) the process through which an organization identifies an entirely new objective because its traditional goals have been either realized or denied. C

Question 3

According to the human relations approach to formal organizations,workers are motivated almost entirely by economic rewards.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

A college is run by a board of trustees,which hires a president,who in turn selects vice presidents,deans,and other administrators.This is an example of the bureaucratic characteristic of

Accepted Answer

A) written rules and regulations. 
B) division of labor. 
C) impersonality. 
D) hierarchy of authority. 
A) written rules and regulations. 
B) division of labor. 
C) impersonality. 
D) hierarchy of authority.

Question 5

Planning based on the human relations approach focuses on

Accepted Answer

A) the dangers of collective bargaining. 
B) the role of people,communication,and participation among the company executives. 
C) the conflict perspective's critique of capitalism. 
D) workers' feelings,frustrations,and emotional needs for job satisfaction in bureaucracies. 
A) the dangers of collective bargaining. 
B) the role of people,communication,and participation among the company executives. 
C) the conflict perspective's critique of capitalism. 
D) workers' feelings,frustrations,and emotional needs for job satisfaction in bureaucracies.

Question 6

Activists in a large city join forces to create a new organization with the goal of preserving landmark buildings that have historical importance.At first,the organization functions democratically,but over time it is taken over by three people.These leaders establish a bureaucratic structure that helps them to maintain control of the organization.These developments can be best explained by

Accepted Answer

A) Parkinson's law. 
B) the Peter principle. 
C) the iron law of oligarchy. 
D) the scientific management approach. 
A) Parkinson's law. 
B) the Peter principle. 
C) the iron law of oligarchy. 
D) the scientific management approach.

Question 7

A construct or model that serves as a measuring rod against which specific cases can be evaluated is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) coalition. 
B) ideal type. 
C) metaphor. 
D) questionnaire. 
A) coalition. 
B) ideal type. 
C) metaphor. 
D) questionnaire.

Question 8

Describe some of the potential negative consequences of the process of bureaucratization.

Accepted Answer

Bureaucratization can lead to a number o

Question 9

A domestic abuse counselor fails to listen to an injured woman because the woman has no valid proof of U.S.citizenship.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) goal displacement. 
B) goal multiplication. 
C) trained incapacity. 
D) hierarchy of authority. 
A) goal displacement. 
B) goal multiplication. 
C) trained incapacity. 
D) hierarchy of authority.

Question 10

Special-purpose groups designed and structured in the interests of maximum efficiency are known as

Accepted Answer

A) informal organizations. 
B) formal organizations. 
C) coalitions. 
D) primary groups. 
A) informal organizations. 
B) formal organizations. 
C) coalitions. 
D) primary groups.

Question 11

Which one of the following is a typical ascribed status that influences people's self-images within formal organizations?

Accepted Answer

A) gender 
B) college education 
C) job title 
D) All of these answers are correct. 
A) gender 
B) college education 
C) job title 
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 12

The phrase "bureaucracy's other face," which refers to the unofficial activities and interactions that are a basic part of daily organizational life,was coined by

Accepted Answer

A) Peter Blau. 
B) James Tucker. 
C) Alvin Gouldner. 
D) Charles Page. 
A) Peter Blau. 
B) James Tucker. 
C) Alvin Gouldner. 
D) Charles Page.

Question 13

According to the classical theory of formal organizations,workers are motivated almost entirely by

Accepted Answer

A) economic rewards. 
B) fear of their superiors. 
C) norms of conformity to the group. 
D) the need for job satisfaction. 
A) economic rewards. 
B) fear of their superiors. 
C) norms of conformity to the group. 
D) the need for job satisfaction.

Question 14

The notion that every employee within a hierarchy tends to rise to his or her level of incompetence is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) goal displacement. 
B) the Peter principle. 
C) trained incapacity. 
D) bureaucracy. 
A) goal displacement. 
B) the Peter principle. 
C) trained incapacity. 
D) bureaucracy.

Question 15

Oligarchies emerge because

Accepted Answer

A) people in leadership roles have skills,knowledge,or charismatic appeal. 
B) the most capable people always rise to the top of a bureaucracy,and they are respected by their followers,who permit them to rule unhindered. 
C) the rank and file of a movement or organization look to leaders for direction and thereby reinforce the process of rule by a few. 
D) people in leadership roles have skills,knowledge,or charismatic appeal;and the rank and file of a movement or organization look to leaders for direction and thereby reinforce the process of rule by a few. 
A) people in leadership roles have skills,knowledge,or charismatic appeal. 
B) the most capable people always rise to the top of a bureaucracy,and they are respected by their followers,who permit them to rule unhindered. 
C) the rank and file of a movement or organization look to leaders for direction and thereby reinforce the process of rule by a few. 
D) people in leadership roles have skills,knowledge,or charismatic appeal;and the rank and file of a movement or organization look to leaders for direction and thereby reinforce the process of rule by a few.

Question 16

Which of the following does Marx and conflict theorists believe is weakened by restricting workers to very small tasks?

Accepted Answer

A) job security 
B) family values 
C) economic positions 
D) hierarchy of control 
A) job security 
B) family values 
C) economic positions 
D) hierarchy of control

Question 17

Which sociologist emphasized the basic similarity of structure and process found in the otherwise dissimilar enterprises of religion,government,education,and business?

Accepted Answer

A) Max Weber 
B) Suzanne Staggenborg 
C) David Sills 
D) Norman Denzin 
A) Max Weber 
B) Suzanne Staggenborg 
C) David Sills 
D) Norman Denzin

Question 18

By working at a specific task,people are more likely to become highly skilled and carry out a job with maximum efficiency.This is the rationale for the bureaucratic characteristic of

Accepted Answer

A) employment based on technical qualifications. 
B) hierarchy of authority. 
C) division of labor. 
D) written rules and regulations. 
A) employment based on technical qualifications. 
B) hierarchy of authority. 
C) division of labor. 
D) written rules and regulations.

Question 19

Choose an institution you interact with on a daily basis and,using specific examples,explain how the institution operates as a bureaucracy against Weber's ideal type.

Accepted Answer

One institution that I interact with on

Question 20

A bureaucracy is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) two-member group. 
B) small group in which there is little intimacy or mutual understanding and in which relationships are impersonal. 
C) organization established on the basis of common interest whose members volunteer or even pay to participate. 
D) component of formal organization that uses rules and hierarchical ranking to achieve efficiency. 
A) two-member group. 
B) small group in which there is little intimacy or mutual understanding and in which relationships are impersonal. 
C) organization established on the basis of common interest whose members volunteer or even pay to participate. 
D) component of formal organization that uses rules and hierarchical ranking to achieve efficiency.

Exam 19: Understanding Organizations

Formal organizations may vary in

Bureaucratization is

According to the human relations approach to formal organizations,workers are motivated almost entirely by economic rewards.

A college is run by a board of trustees,which hires a president,who in turn selects vice presidents,deans,and other administrators.This is an example of the bureaucratic characteristic of

Planning based on the human relations approach focuses on

A construct or model that serves as a measuring rod against which specific cases can be evaluated is called a(n)

Describe some of the potential negative consequences of the process of bureaucratization.

A domestic abuse counselor fails to listen to an injured woman because the woman has no valid proof of U.S.citizenship.This is an example of

Special-purpose groups designed and structured in the interests of maximum efficiency are known as

Which one of the following is a typical ascribed status that influences people's self-images within formal organizations?

The phrase "bureaucracy's other face," which refers to the unofficial activities and interactions that are a basic part of daily organizational life,was coined by

According to the classical theory of formal organizations,workers are motivated almost entirely by

The notion that every employee within a hierarchy tends to rise to his or her level of incompetence is referred to as

Oligarchies emerge because

Which of the following does Marx and conflict theorists believe is weakened by restricting workers to very small tasks?

Which sociologist emphasized the basic similarity of structure and process found in the otherwise dissimilar enterprises of religion,government,education,and business?

By working at a specific task,people are more likely to become highly skilled and carry out a job with maximum efficiency.This is the rationale for the bureaucratic characteristic of

Choose an institution you interact with on a daily basis and,using specific examples,explain how the institution operates as a bureaucracy against Weber's ideal type.

A bureaucracy is a(n)

What Is Sociology

The Development of Sociology

Major Theoretical Perspectives

Taking Sociology With You

What Is the Scientific Method

Major Research Designs

Ethics of Research

Developments of Methodology

What Is Culture

Elements of Culture

Development of Culture Around the World

Cultural Variation

The Role of Socialization

The Self and Socialization Through the Life Course

Agents of Socialization

Social Interaction and Social Structure

Social Structure in Global Perspective

Understanding Groups

Sociological Perspectives on the Media

The Audience

The Medias Global Reach

Social Control

What Is Deviance

Crime

Systems of Stratification

Stratification by Social Class

Poverty and Social Mobility

Stratification in the World System

Stratification Within Nations: a Comparative Perspective

Minority, Racial, and Ethnic Groups

Sociological Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity

Race and Ethnicity in the United States

Social Construction of Gender

Women: the Oppressed Majority

Aging and Society

Aging Worldwide

Age Stratification in the United States

Global View of the Family

Marriage and Family

Alternatives to Traditional Families

Human Sexuality

Sociological Perspectives on Education

Schools As Formal Organizations

The Sociological Approach to Religion

World Religions

Religious Organization

Government, Power, and Authority

Political Behavior and Power in the United States

Economic Systems

Changing Economies

Sociological Perspectives on Health and Illness

Social Epidemiology and Health Care in the United States

What Is Mental Illness

Population

Sociological Perspectives on the Environment

Collective Behavior

Social Movements

Social Change

Global Social Change

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