Question 1

Which hormone stimulates appetite?

Accepted Answer

A)  grehlin 
B)  insulin 
C)  adiponectin 
D)  both grehlin and insulin 
E)  both grehlin and adiponectin 
A)  grehlin 
B)  insulin 
C)  adiponectin 
D)  both grehlin and insulin 
E)  both grehlin and adiponectin

Question 2

The radioimmunossay (RIA) is based on competition of unlabeled and radiolabeled:

Accepted Answer

A)  antibodies for binding to a hormone. 
B)  antibodies for binding to a receptor. 
C)  hormone for binding to a receptor. 
D)  hormone for binding to an antibody. 
E)  receptor for binding to a hormone. 
A)  antibodies for binding to a hormone. 
B)  antibodies for binding to a receptor. 
C)  hormone for binding to a receptor. 
D)  hormone for binding to an antibody. 
E)  receptor for binding to a hormone.

Question 3

Epinephrine triggers an increased rate of glycolysis in muscle by:

Accepted Answer

A)  activation of hexokinase. 
B)  activation of phosphofructokinase-1. 
C)  conversion of glycogen phosphorylase a to glycogen phosphorylase b. 
D)  inhibition of the Cori cycle 
E)  the Pasteur effect. 
A)  activation of hexokinase. 
B)  activation of phosphofructokinase-1. 
C)  conversion of glycogen phosphorylase a to glycogen phosphorylase b. 
D)  inhibition of the Cori cycle 
E)  the Pasteur effect.

Question 4

Describe five possible fates for fatty acids in the liver.

Accepted Answer

1. Storage as triglycerides: Fatty acids

Question 5

Which statement does NOT describe a fate for fatty acids in the liver?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are oxidized to yield acetyl-CoA and NADPH. 
B)  They are released into the bloodstream as a component of lipoproteins. 
C)  They are oxidized and converted into ketone bodies. 
D)  They are released as free fatty acids into the bloodstream. 
E)  They are oxidized and used in the synthesis of cholesterol. 
A)  They are oxidized to yield acetyl-CoA and NADPH. 
B)  They are released into the bloodstream as a component of lipoproteins. 
C)  They are oxidized and converted into ketone bodies. 
D)  They are released as free fatty acids into the bloodstream. 
E)  They are oxidized and used in the synthesis of cholesterol.

Question 6

Name five general classes of hormones and give an example of each.

Accepted Answer

1. Peptide hormones: Examples include in

Question 7

Which complication is likely as a result of a condition known as metabolic syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  developing resistance to insulin 
B)  developing type 1 diabetes 
C)  developing cardiovascular disease 
D)  developing both cardiovascular disease and resistance to insulin 
E)  developing both type 1 diabetes and cardiovascular disease 
A)  developing resistance to insulin 
B)  developing type 1 diabetes 
C)  developing cardiovascular disease 
D)  developing both cardiovascular disease and resistance to insulin 
E)  developing both type 1 diabetes and cardiovascular disease

Question 8

Insulin is an example of a(n) _____ hormone.

Accepted Answer

A)  catecholamine 
B)  eicosanoid 
C)  paracrine 
D)  peptide 
E)  steroid 
A)  catecholamine 
B)  eicosanoid 
C)  paracrine 
D)  peptide 
E)  steroid

Question 9

What is leptin? How does it function in the long-term maintenance of body mass?

Accepted Answer

Leptin is a hormone produced by fat cell

Question 10

Which process is NOT a mechanism for treating diabetes?

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing TAG by weight loss 
B)  activating AMPK through exercise 
C)  activating AMPK by taking metformins 
D)  activating PPAR$\gamma$ through rosiglitazone 
E)  stimulating insulin secretion by taking sulfonylureas 
A)  increasing TAG by weight loss 
B)  activating AMPK through exercise 
C)  activating AMPK by taking metformins 
D)  activating PPAR$\gamma$ through rosiglitazone 
E)  stimulating insulin secretion by taking sulfonylureas

Question 11

Agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPAR-$\delta$ ) have been used by professional athletes as performance-enhancing drugs; such drugs have been added in 2009 to list of drugs prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency. Explain the rational for their use as a performance-enhancing drug.

Accepted Answer

The rational for using agonists of perox

Question 12

Explain why peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-$\gamma$) knockout mice fail to develop adipose tissue when fed a high-fat diet.

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome proliferator-activated recept

Question 13

One distinction between peptide and steroid hormones is that peptide hormones:

Accepted Answer

A)  act through nonspecific receptors, whereas steroid hormones act through specific receptors. 
B)  are generally water-insoluble, whereas steroid hormones are water soluble. 
C)  are more stable than steroid hormones. 
D)  bind to cell surface receptors, whereas steroid hormones bind to nuclear receptors. 
E)  bind to their receptors with high affinity, whereas steroid hormones bind with low affinity. 
A)  act through nonspecific receptors, whereas steroid hormones act through specific receptors. 
B)  are generally water-insoluble, whereas steroid hormones are water soluble. 
C)  are more stable than steroid hormones. 
D)  bind to cell surface receptors, whereas steroid hormones bind to nuclear receptors. 
E)  bind to their receptors with high affinity, whereas steroid hormones bind with low affinity.

Question 14

Which statement about metabolism in the mammalian liver is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most plasma lipoproteins are synthesized in the liver. 
B)  The enzymatic complement of liver tissue changes in response to changes in the diet. 
C)  The liver synthesizes most of the urea produced in the body. 
D)  The presence of glucose 6-phosphatase makes liver uniquely able to release glucose into the bloodstream. 
E)  Under certain conditions, most of the functions of the liver can be performed by other organs. 
A)  Most plasma lipoproteins are synthesized in the liver. 
B)  The enzymatic complement of liver tissue changes in response to changes in the diet. 
C)  The liver synthesizes most of the urea produced in the body. 
D)  The presence of glucose 6-phosphatase makes liver uniquely able to release glucose into the bloodstream. 
E)  Under certain conditions, most of the functions of the liver can be performed by other organs.

Question 15

After a meal rich in carbohydrates, which condition would NOT be expected?

Accepted Answer

A)  adenylate cyclase deactivation 
B)  increased activity of glucokinase 
C)  glycogen phosphorolysis 
D)  decreased secretion of glucagon 
E)  decreased production of $\beta$ hydroxybutryate 
A)  adenylate cyclase deactivation 
B)  increased activity of glucokinase 
C)  glycogen phosphorolysis 
D)  decreased secretion of glucagon 
E)  decreased production of $\beta$ hydroxybutryate

Question 16

Which enzyme is likely to be activated by epinephrine?

Accepted Answer

A)  hormone-sensitive lipase 
B)  acetyl-CoA carboxylase 
C)  glycogen synthase 
D)  HMG-CoA reductase 
E)  fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase in skeletal muscle 
A)  hormone-sensitive lipase 
B)  acetyl-CoA carboxylase 
C)  glycogen synthase 
D)  HMG-CoA reductase 
E)  fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase in skeletal muscle

Question 17

Which statement is TRUE regarding diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diabetes mellitus is characterized by the abnormal depletion of blood glucose by the liver. 
B)  Diabetes mellitus is characterized by reduced levels of gluconeogenesis in the liver. 
C)  Diabetes mellitus is characterized by the destruction of glucagon-secreting cells of the pancreas. 
D)  Diabetes mellitus is characterized by the secretion of glucagon in the urine leading to "sweet urine." 
E)  Diabetes mellitus is characterized by ketonemia, metabolic acidosis, and ketouria. 
A)  Diabetes mellitus is characterized by the abnormal depletion of blood glucose by the liver. 
B)  Diabetes mellitus is characterized by reduced levels of gluconeogenesis in the liver. 
C)  Diabetes mellitus is characterized by the destruction of glucagon-secreting cells of the pancreas. 
D)  Diabetes mellitus is characterized by the secretion of glucagon in the urine leading to "sweet urine." 
E)  Diabetes mellitus is characterized by ketonemia, metabolic acidosis, and ketouria.

Question 18

Under conditions of prolonged starvation, which fuel is MOST catabolized by the brain in humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  ketone bodies 
B)  glucose 
C)  amino acids 
D)  odd-chain fatty acids 
E)  glycerol 
A)  ketone bodies 
B)  glucose 
C)  amino acids 
D)  odd-chain fatty acids 
E)  glycerol

Question 19

Briefly explain the Cori cycle.

Accepted Answer

The Cori cycle, also known as the lactic

Question 20

Explain the response and the consequences of prolonged fasting on fuel metabolism by the liver.

Accepted Answer

Prolonged fasting can have significant e

Exam 23: Hormonal Regulation and Integration of Mammalian Metabolism

Which hormone stimulates appetite?

The radioimmunossay (RIA) is based on competition of unlabeled and radiolabeled:

Epinephrine triggers an increased rate of glycolysis in muscle by:

Describe five possible fates for fatty acids in the liver.

Which statement does NOT describe a fate for fatty acids in the liver?

Name five general classes of hormones and give an example of each.

Which complication is likely as a result of a condition known as metabolic syndrome?

Insulin is an example of a(n) _____ hormone.

What is leptin? How does it function in the long-term maintenance of body mass?

Which process is NOT a mechanism for treating diabetes?

Explain why peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR- γ\gammaγ ) knockout mice fail to develop adipose tissue when fed a high-fat diet.

One distinction between peptide and steroid hormones is that peptide hormones:

Which statement about metabolism in the mammalian liver is FALSE?

After a meal rich in carbohydrates, which condition would NOT be expected?

Which enzyme is likely to be activated by epinephrine?

Which statement is TRUE regarding diabetes mellitus?

Under conditions of prolonged starvation, which fuel is MOST catabolized by the brain in humans?

Briefly explain the Cori cycle.

Explain the response and the consequences of prolonged fasting on fuel metabolism by the liver.

The Foundations of Biochemistry

Water

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Function

Enzymes

Carbohydrates and Glycobiology

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

DNA-Based Information Technologies

Lipids

Biological Membranes and Transport

Biosignaling

Bioenergetics and Biochemical Reaction Types

Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Principles of Metabolic Regulation

The Citric Acid Cycle

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea

Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation

Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Plants and Bacteria

Lipid Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, Nucleotides, and Related Molecules

Genes and Chromosomes

DNA Metabolism

RNA Metabolism

Protein Metabolism

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

Explain why peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR- $\gamma$ ) knockout mice fail to develop adipose tissue when fed a high-fat diet.