Question 1

Why is the use of the expression "Mr = 18,000 daltons" incorrect?

Accepted Answer

The expression "Mr = 18,000 daltons" is

Question 2

Which organelle is NOT found in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  ribosome 
B)  lysosome 
C)  chloroplast 
D)  vacuole 
E)  mitochondrion 
A)  ribosome 
B)  lysosome 
C)  chloroplast 
D)  vacuole 
E)  mitochondrion

Question 3

The three-dimensional structure of macromolecules is formed and maintained primarily through noncovalent interactions. Which one of the following is NOT considered a noncovalent interaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon-carbon bonds 
B)  hydrogen bonds 
C)  hydrophobic interactions 
D)  ionic interactions 
E)  van der Waals interactions 
A)  carbon-carbon bonds 
B)  hydrogen bonds 
C)  hydrophobic interactions 
D)  ionic interactions 
E)  van der Waals interactions

Question 4

Describe the relationship between a living organism and its surroundings in terms of both matter and energy.

Accepted Answer

The relationship between a living organi

Question 5

Discuss how a mutation in DNA could be harmful or beneficial to an organism.

Accepted Answer

A mutation in DNA can be harmful to an o

Question 6

Explain the difference, if any, between a proteome and a proteasome.

Accepted Answer

A proteome refers to the entire set of p

Question 7

Reaction 1 has a $\Delta$G° of -12.3 kJ/mol, and Reaction 2 has a $\Delta$G° of 23.4 kJ/mol. Which statement is TRUE of these two reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reaction 1 occurs faster. 
B)  Reaction 2 occurs faster. 
C)  Both reactions occur at the same rate. 
D)  Reaction 2 will not occur. 
E)  It is impossible to know which reaction occurs faster with this information. 
A)  Reaction 1 occurs faster. 
B)  Reaction 2 occurs faster. 
C)  Both reactions occur at the same rate. 
D)  Reaction 2 will not occur. 
E)  It is impossible to know which reaction occurs faster with this information.

Question 8

The joining of two amino acids via a peptide bond (the process of protein synthesis) has a positive $\Delta$G value. What does this imply?

Accepted Answer

A)  Forming a peptide bond is endergonic and must be coupled to another reaction. 
B)  Forming a peptide bond is exergonic and must be coupled to another reaction. 
C)  Forming a peptide bond is spontaneous and does not need to be coupled to another reaction. 
D)  Forming a peptide bond is spontaneous and can sometimes be coupled to another reaction. 
E)  Forming a peptide bond increases the entropy of a system. 
A)  Forming a peptide bond is endergonic and must be coupled to another reaction. 
B)  Forming a peptide bond is exergonic and must be coupled to another reaction. 
C)  Forming a peptide bond is spontaneous and does not need to be coupled to another reaction. 
D)  Forming a peptide bond is spontaneous and can sometimes be coupled to another reaction. 
E)  Forming a peptide bond increases the entropy of a system.

Question 9

Which statement is NOT true regarding the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a physical barrier separating the inside of the cell from its surroundings. 
B)  It is a flexible, hydrophobic structure. 
C)  The individual lipids and proteins of the plasma membrane are covalently linked. 
D)  The plasma membrane incorporates newly made lipid and protein components as a cell grows. 
E)  Cell division occurs without loss of the membrane integrity. 
A)  It is a physical barrier separating the inside of the cell from its surroundings. 
B)  It is a flexible, hydrophobic structure. 
C)  The individual lipids and proteins of the plasma membrane are covalently linked. 
D)  The plasma membrane incorporates newly made lipid and protein components as a cell grows. 
E)  Cell division occurs without loss of the membrane integrity.

Question 10

In an oxidation-reduction reaction, the oxidized reagent _____, and the reduced reagent _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  is energized; is deenergized 
B)  is deenergized; is energized 
C)  loses electrons; gains electrons 
D)  gains electrons; loses electrons 
E)  maintains the same number of electrons; loses electrons 
A)  is energized; is deenergized 
B)  is deenergized; is energized 
C)  loses electrons; gains electrons 
D)  gains electrons; loses electrons 
E)  maintains the same number of electrons; loses electrons

Question 11

What is the CORRECT name for the configuration of the molecule shown in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  orthogonal 
B)  trans 
C)  cis 
D)  zis 
E)  chiros 
A)  orthogonal 
B)  trans 
C)  cis 
D)  zis 
E)  chiros

Question 12

Describe the "RNA world" hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

The "RNA world" hypothesis is a scientif

Question 13

Why is an asymmetric carbon atom called a chiral center?

Accepted Answer

An asymmetric carbon atom is called a ch

Question 14

_____ are typically expressed under all conditions and are not subject to regulation.

Accepted Answer

A)  Housekeeping genes 
B)  Homologous genes 
C)  Bacterial genomes 
D)  Eukaryotic genomes 
E)  Endosymbiotic genes 
A)  Housekeeping genes 
B)  Homologous genes 
C)  Bacterial genomes 
D)  Eukaryotic genomes 
E)  Endosymbiotic genes

Question 15

Which statement is NOT true about genetic mutations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mutations arise from an unrepaired mistake in DNA replication. 
B)  Mutations arise from incorrectly repaired damage to one of the DNA strands. 
C)  Mutations in reproductive cells can be passed on to offspring. 
D)  Mutations may better equip an organism or cell to survive in its environment. 
E)  All of the statements are true. 
A)  Mutations arise from an unrepaired mistake in DNA replication. 
B)  Mutations arise from incorrectly repaired damage to one of the DNA strands. 
C)  Mutations in reproductive cells can be passed on to offspring. 
D)  Mutations may better equip an organism or cell to survive in its environment. 
E)  All of the statements are true.

Question 16

List the types of noncovalent interactions that are important in providing stability to the three-dimensional structures of macromolecules. (b) Why is it important that these interactions be noncovalent, rather than covalent, bonds?

Accepted Answer

A: The types of noncovalent interactions

Question 17

What six characteristics distinguish living organisms from inanimate objects?

Accepted Answer

Living organisms are distinguished from

Question 18

Humans maintain a nearly constant level of hemoglobin by continually synthesizing and degrading it. This is an example of a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  dynamic steady state. 
B)  equilibrium state. 
C)  exergonic change. 
D)  free-energy change. 
E)  waste of energy. 
A)  dynamic steady state. 
B)  equilibrium state. 
C)  exergonic change. 
D)  free-energy change. 
E)  waste of energy.

Question 19

All cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane composed of lipid and protein molecules. What is the function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A: The plasma membrane, also known as th

Question 20

Which group of single-celled microorganisms has many members found growing in extreme environments?

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria 
B)  archaea 
C)  eukaryotes 
D)  heterotrophs 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  bacteria 
B)  archaea 
C)  eukaryotes 
D)  heterotrophs 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Exam 1: The Foundations of Biochemistry

Why is the use of the expression "Mr = 18,000 daltons" incorrect?

Which organelle is NOT found in plant cells?

The three-dimensional structure of macromolecules is formed and maintained primarily through noncovalent interactions. Which one of the following is NOT considered a noncovalent interaction?

Describe the relationship between a living organism and its surroundings in terms of both matter and energy.

Discuss how a mutation in DNA could be harmful or beneficial to an organism.

Explain the difference, if any, between a proteome and a proteasome.

Reaction 1 has a Δ\DeltaΔ G° of -12.3 kJ/mol, and Reaction 2 has a Δ\DeltaΔ G° of 23.4 kJ/mol. Which statement is TRUE of these two reactions?

The joining of two amino acids via a peptide bond (the process of protein synthesis) has a positive Δ\DeltaΔ G value. What does this imply?

Which statement is NOT true regarding the plasma membrane?

In an oxidation-reduction reaction, the oxidized reagent _____, and the reduced reagent _____.

What is the CORRECT name for the configuration of the molecule shown in the figure?

Describe the "RNA world" hypothesis.

Why is an asymmetric carbon atom called a chiral center?

_____ are typically expressed under all conditions and are not subject to regulation.

Which statement is NOT true about genetic mutations?

List the types of noncovalent interactions that are important in providing stability to the three-dimensional structures of macromolecules. (b) Why is it important that these interactions be noncovalent, rather than covalent, bonds?

What six characteristics distinguish living organisms from inanimate objects?

Humans maintain a nearly constant level of hemoglobin by continually synthesizing and degrading it. This is an example of a(n):

All cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane composed of lipid and protein molecules. What is the function of the plasma membrane?

Which group of single-celled microorganisms has many members found growing in extreme environments?

Water

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Function

Enzymes

Carbohydrates and Glycobiology

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

DNA-Based Information Technologies

Lipids

Biological Membranes and Transport

Biosignaling

Bioenergetics and Biochemical Reaction Types

Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Principles of Metabolic Regulation

The Citric Acid Cycle

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea

Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation

Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Plants and Bacteria

Lipid Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, Nucleotides, and Related Molecules

Hormonal Regulation and Integration of Mammalian Metabolism

Genes and Chromosomes

DNA Metabolism

RNA Metabolism

Protein Metabolism

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

Reaction 1 has a $\Delta$ G° of -12.3 kJ/mol, and Reaction 2 has a $\Delta$ G° of 23.4 kJ/mol. Which statement is TRUE of these two reactions?

The joining of two amino acids via a peptide bond (the process of protein synthesis) has a positive $\Delta$ G value. What does this imply?

In an oxidation-reduction reaction, the oxidized reagent _, and the reduced reagent _.