Question 1

In assessing the rate of adherence, physicians' estimates are typically more accurate than the patients' judgments.
​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Among challenges for health psychologists in constructing valid health behavior models, which is most related to the need to reduce complex data to meaningful generalizations?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Balancing automaticity vs. decisions in health behaviors 
B)  ​Balancing individual differences vs. theoretical simplicity 
C)  ​Balancing personal control vs. large-scale societal barriers 
D)  ​Balancing perceptions/beliefs vs. relationships and policies 
A)  ​Balancing automaticity vs. decisions in health behaviors 
B)  ​Balancing individual differences vs. theoretical simplicity 
C)  ​Balancing personal control vs. large-scale societal barriers 
D)  ​Balancing perceptions/beliefs vs. relationships and policies

Question 3

Educational approaches and behavioral approaches are about equally successful in improving adherence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

_______ is the concept that refers to tangible and intangible help a person receives from friends and family.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Self-efficacy 
B)  ​Self-esteem 
C)  ​Social support 
D)  ​Self-concept 
A)  ​Self-efficacy 
B)  ​Self-esteem 
C)  ​Social support 
D)  ​Self-concept

Question 5

Evaluate the contribution of personal factors to adherence to medical advice.​

Accepted Answer

A. Several demographic characteristics h

Question 6

What is a common criticism of the health belief model?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​It emphasizes motivational factors too little 
B)  ​It emphasizes behavioral factors too heavily. 
C)  ​It omits beliefs about health behavior control. 
D)  ​It omits beliefs about health behavior benefits. 
A)  ​It emphasizes motivational factors too little 
B)  ​It emphasizes behavioral factors too heavily. 
C)  ​It omits beliefs about health behavior control. 
D)  ​It omits beliefs about health behavior benefits.

Question 7

If you are a health psychologist administering smoking cessation programs, what do smokers need to believe to be motivated to quit smoking, according to the health belief model?

Accepted Answer

A)  That quitting smoking is worth the effort, in spite of the numerous barriers to quit 
B)  That smoking can lead to diseases, though these are seldom ever life-threatening 
C)  That the risks incurred by smoking outnumber the benefits attained from quitting 
D)  That smoking risks are severe, quitting benefits clear, and barriers to quit are few 
A)  That quitting smoking is worth the effort, in spite of the numerous barriers to quit 
B)  That smoking can lead to diseases, though these are seldom ever life-threatening 
C)  That the risks incurred by smoking outnumber the benefits attained from quitting 
D)  That smoking risks are severe, quitting benefits clear, and barriers to quit are few

Question 8

The best predictors of health-related behavior in the health belief model are

Accepted Answer

A)  perceived susceptibility and perceived barriers. 
B)  perceived severity and perceived barriers. 
C)  perceived benefits and perceived severity. 
D)  perceived barriers and perceived benefits. 
A)  perceived susceptibility and perceived barriers. 
B)  perceived severity and perceived barriers. 
C)  perceived benefits and perceived severity. 
D)  perceived barriers and perceived benefits.

Question 9

In the volitional phase of the health action process approach model, _________ is a crucial component of whether behavior change will be maintained over time.

Accepted Answer

A)  outcome expectation 
B)  self-efficacy 
C)  risk perception 
D)  planning 
A)  outcome expectation 
B)  self-efficacy 
C)  risk perception 
D)  planning

Question 10

Negative reinforcement _____ behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  strengthens 
B)  weakens 
C)  punishes 
D)  both b and c 
A)  strengthens 
B)  weakens 
C)  punishes 
D)  both b and c

Question 11

Which of the following most accurately reflects an essential contrast between continuum theories and stage theories of health behavior relative to patient adherence?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Continuum theories explain adherence as developing gradually; stage theories explain adherence as developing discretely. 
B)  ​Continuum theories explain adherence as multifactorial; stage theories explain adherence by a limited number of factors. 
C)  ​Continuum theories explain adherence as being uniform; stage theories explain adherence as varying by steps in a process. 
D)  ​Continuum theories explain adherence by classifying people along a continuum; stage theories will not classify individuals. 
A)  ​Continuum theories explain adherence as developing gradually; stage theories explain adherence as developing discretely. 
B)  ​Continuum theories explain adherence as multifactorial; stage theories explain adherence by a limited number of factors. 
C)  ​Continuum theories explain adherence as being uniform; stage theories explain adherence as varying by steps in a process. 
D)  ​Continuum theories explain adherence by classifying people along a continuum; stage theories will not classify individuals.

Question 12

In a meta-analysis, Rosen (2000) found that the transtheoretical model was most effective for explaining health behaviors related to​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​smoking cessation 
B)  ​substance abuse. 
C)  ​physical activity. 
D)  ​psychotherapy. 
A)  ​smoking cessation 
B)  ​substance abuse. 
C)  ​physical activity. 
D)  ​psychotherapy.

Question 13

_______ methods for improving adherence increase knowledge; however, ______ approaches have been shown to increase adherence.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Educational; behavioral 
B)  ​Educational; socioeconomic 
C)  ​Behavioral; educational 
D)  ​Socioeconomic; educational 
A)  ​Educational; behavioral 
B)  ​Educational; socioeconomic 
C)  ​Behavioral; educational 
D)  ​Socioeconomic; educational

Question 14

Some researchers (Herzog, 2008; Armitage, 2009) believe that the _______ number of stages in the health action process approach may be _______ useful than those in the transtheoretical approach for effective interventions.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​greater; more 
B)  ​smaller; more 
C)  ​greater; less 
D)  ​smaller; less 
A)  ​greater; more 
B)  ​smaller; more 
C)  ​greater; less 
D)  ​smaller; less

Question 15

Which of the following is an assumption of the theory of planned behavior?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​People generally are not reasonable, and must be taught to plan their behavior. 
B)  ​People generally use information haphazardly, and must learn to be systematic. 
C)  ​People consider the consequences before decisions, and then always take action. 
D)  ​People consider the consequences before decisions, which can involve no action. 
A)  ​People generally are not reasonable, and must be taught to plan their behavior. 
B)  ​People generally use information haphazardly, and must learn to be systematic. 
C)  ​People consider the consequences before decisions, and then always take action. 
D)  ​People consider the consequences before decisions, which can involve no action.

Question 16

The technique of motivational interviewing may be applied to adherence ​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​but no research studies have examined this approach. 
B)  ​to alter client motivation and prepare to change behavior. 
C)  ​and has been found effective with male but not female patients. 
D)  ​to motivate patients to move from the action to maintenance stage. 
A)  ​but no research studies have examined this approach. 
B)  ​to alter client motivation and prepare to change behavior. 
C)  ​and has been found effective with male but not female patients. 
D)  ​to motivate patients to move from the action to maintenance stage.

Question 17

Why does the theory of planned behavior vary in its predictive ability by behavior type?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Risk-taking behaviors are more predictable than healthy behaviors. 
B)  ​Situation-specific behaviors are more predictable than planned ones. 
C)  ​Situation-specific behaviors are less predictable than planned ones. 
D)  ​The theory was not designed to predict ongoing individual choices. 
A)  ​Risk-taking behaviors are more predictable than healthy behaviors. 
B)  ​Situation-specific behaviors are more predictable than planned ones. 
C)  ​Situation-specific behaviors are less predictable than planned ones. 
D)  ​The theory was not designed to predict ongoing individual choices.

Question 18

Research has found that which factors of the health belief model predict adherence to health behaviors most accurately?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Perceived susceptibility to and severity of disease 
B)  ​Perceived benefits of and barriers to the behaviors 
C)  ​Perceived disease susceptibility and behavior benefits 
D)  ​Perceived disease severity and barriers to the behaviors 
A)  ​Perceived susceptibility to and severity of disease 
B)  ​Perceived benefits of and barriers to the behaviors 
C)  ​Perceived disease susceptibility and behavior benefits 
D)  ​Perceived disease severity and barriers to the behaviors

Question 19

The well-known "Scared Straight" program, wherein maximum-security prison inmates share their stories of incarceration with teenagers to deter them from criminal behaviors, is an example of:​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​an educational intervention. 
B)  ​a behavioral intervention. 
C)  ​both of these combined. 
D)  ​neither one of these. 
A)  ​an educational intervention. 
B)  ​a behavioral intervention. 
C)  ​both of these combined. 
D)  ​neither one of these.

Question 20

Self-efficacy refers to​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​people's belief that they can perform behaviors necessary to control events that influence their lives. 
B)  ​people's belief that their particular lifestyle is a healthy one even when it is not. 
C)  ​people's belief that a course of action will result in an ideal state of physical and psychological health. 
D)  ​people's belief that the processes of disease, and eventually death, are inevitable. 
A)  ​people's belief that they can perform behaviors necessary to control events that influence their lives. 
B)  ​people's belief that their particular lifestyle is a healthy one even when it is not. 
C)  ​people's belief that a course of action will result in an ideal state of physical and psychological health. 
D)  ​people's belief that the processes of disease, and eventually death, are inevitable.

In assessing the rate of adherence, physicians' estimates are typically more accurate than the patients' judgments.

Among challenges for health psychologists in constructing valid health behavior models, which is most related to the need to reduce complex data to meaningful generalizations?

Educational approaches and behavioral approaches are about equally successful in improving adherence.

_______ is the concept that refers to tangible and intangible help a person receives from friends and family.

Evaluate the contribution of personal factors to adherence to medical advice.

What is a common criticism of the health belief model?

If you are a health psychologist administering smoking cessation programs, what do smokers need to believe to be motivated to quit smoking, according to the health belief model?

The best predictors of health-related behavior in the health belief model are

In the volitional phase of the health action process approach model, _________ is a crucial component of whether behavior change will be maintained over time.

Negative reinforcement _____ behavior.

Which of the following most accurately reflects an essential contrast between continuum theories and stage theories of health behavior relative to patient adherence?

In a meta-analysis, Rosen (2000) found that the transtheoretical model was most effective for explaining health behaviors related to

_ methods for improving adherence increase knowledge; however, approaches have been shown to increase adherence.

Some researchers (Herzog, 2008; Armitage, 2009) believe that the _ number of stages in the health action process approach may be _ useful than those in the transtheoretical approach for effective interventions.

Which of the following is an assumption of the theory of planned behavior?

The technique of motivational interviewing may be applied to adherence

Why does the theory of planned behavior vary in its predictive ability by behavior type?

Research has found that which factors of the health belief model predict adherence to health behaviors most accurately?

The well-known "Scared Straight" program, wherein maximum-security prison inmates share their stories of incarceration with teenagers to deter them from criminal behaviors, is an example of:

Self-efficacy refers to

Introducing Health Psychology

Conducting Health Research

Seeking and Receiving Health Care

Defining, Measuring, and Managing Stress

Understanding Stress, Immunity, and Disease

Understanding and Managing Pain

Considering Alternative Approaches

Behaivoral Factors in Cardiovascular Disease

Behavioral Factors in Cancer

Living With Chronic Illness

Smoking Tobacco

Using Alcohol and Other Drugs

Eating and Weight

Exercising

Future Challenges

Filters

Exam 4: Adhering to Healthy Behavior

In assessing the rate of adherence, physicians' estimates are typically more accurate than the patients' judgments. ​

Among challenges for health psychologists in constructing valid health behavior models, which is most related to the need to reduce complex data to meaningful generalizations?​

Educational approaches and behavioral approaches are about equally successful in improving adherence.

_______ is the concept that refers to tangible and intangible help a person receives from friends and family.​

Evaluate the contribution of personal factors to adherence to medical advice.​

What is a common criticism of the health belief model?​

If you are a health psychologist administering smoking cessation programs, what do smokers need to believe to be motivated to quit smoking, according to the health belief model?

The best predictors of health-related behavior in the health belief model are

In the volitional phase of the health action process approach model, _________ is a crucial component of whether behavior change will be maintained over time.

Negative reinforcement _____ behavior.

Which of the following most accurately reflects an essential contrast between continuum theories and stage theories of health behavior relative to patient adherence?​

In a meta-analysis, Rosen (2000) found that the transtheoretical model was most effective for explaining health behaviors related to​

_______ methods for improving adherence increase knowledge; however, ______ approaches have been shown to increase adherence.​

Some researchers (Herzog, 2008; Armitage, 2009) believe that the _______ number of stages in the health action process approach may be _______ useful than those in the transtheoretical approach for effective interventions.​

Which of the following is an assumption of the theory of planned behavior?​

The technique of motivational interviewing may be applied to adherence ​

Why does the theory of planned behavior vary in its predictive ability by behavior type?​

Research has found that which factors of the health belief model predict adherence to health behaviors most accurately?​

The well-known "Scared Straight" program, wherein maximum-security prison inmates share their stories of incarceration with teenagers to deter them from criminal behaviors, is an example of:​

Self-efficacy refers to​

Introducing Health Psychology

Conducting Health Research

Seeking and Receiving Health Care

Defining, Measuring, and Managing Stress

Understanding Stress, Immunity, and Disease

Understanding and Managing Pain

Considering Alternative Approaches

Behaivoral Factors in Cardiovascular Disease

Behavioral Factors in Cancer

Living With Chronic Illness

Smoking Tobacco

Using Alcohol and Other Drugs

Eating and Weight

Exercising

Future Challenges

Filters

In assessing the rate of adherence, physicians' estimates are typically more accurate than the patients' judgments.

Among challenges for health psychologists in constructing valid health behavior models, which is most related to the need to reduce complex data to meaningful generalizations?

_______ is the concept that refers to tangible and intangible help a person receives from friends and family.

Evaluate the contribution of personal factors to adherence to medical advice.

What is a common criticism of the health belief model?

Which of the following most accurately reflects an essential contrast between continuum theories and stage theories of health behavior relative to patient adherence?

In a meta-analysis, Rosen (2000) found that the transtheoretical model was most effective for explaining health behaviors related to

_ methods for improving adherence increase knowledge; however, approaches have been shown to increase adherence.

Some researchers (Herzog, 2008; Armitage, 2009) believe that the _ number of stages in the health action process approach may be _ useful than those in the transtheoretical approach for effective interventions.

Which of the following is an assumption of the theory of planned behavior?

The technique of motivational interviewing may be applied to adherence

Why does the theory of planned behavior vary in its predictive ability by behavior type?

Research has found that which factors of the health belief model predict adherence to health behaviors most accurately?

The well-known "Scared Straight" program, wherein maximum-security prison inmates share their stories of incarceration with teenagers to deter them from criminal behaviors, is an example of:

Self-efficacy refers to