Question 1

What would be the best way to help motivate a smoker to stop smoking if s/he perceives many barriers to quitting, and you are following the health belief model?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Convince the smoker that there are no real barriers to smoking cessation. 
B)  ​Convince the smoker that risks of smoking outweigh barriers to quitting. 
C)  ​Offer the smoker a variety of strategies to address the barriers perceived. 
D)  ​Offer the smoker quitting techniques; they do not see barriers to quitting. 
A)  ​Convince the smoker that there are no real barriers to smoking cessation. 
B)  ​Convince the smoker that risks of smoking outweigh barriers to quitting. 
C)  ​Offer the smoker a variety of strategies to address the barriers perceived. 
D)  ​Offer the smoker quitting techniques; they do not see barriers to quitting.

Question 2

According to Prochaska and his colleagues, people in which stages of the health action process approach model need strategies for directly changing their behaviors?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Precontemplation and Contemplation 
B)  ​Contemplation and Preparation 
C)  ​Preparation and Action 
D)  ​Action and Maintenance 
A)  ​Precontemplation and Contemplation 
B)  ​Contemplation and Preparation 
C)  ​Preparation and Action 
D)  ​Action and Maintenance

Question 3

Women are more likely than men to show higher rates of adherence to a​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​medication for high blood pressure. 
B)  ​smoking cessation program. 
C)  ​physical activity program. 
D)  ​healthy diet. 
A)  ​medication for high blood pressure. 
B)  ​smoking cessation program. 
C)  ​physical activity program. 
D)  ​healthy diet.

Question 4

For individuals who are depressed, their risk of nonadherence is ____ greater than individuals who are not depressed.

Accepted Answer

A)  four times 
B)  five times 
C)  two times 
D)  three times 
A)  four times 
B)  five times 
C)  two times 
D)  three times

Question 5

Research has found that planning was influential to adult physical activity​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​to motivate those with no intention of exercising. 
B)  ​only for those who had an intention of exercising. 
C)  ​for all participants irrespective of their intentions. 
D)  ​for raising awareness, but not promoting activity. 
A)  ​to motivate those with no intention of exercising. 
B)  ​only for those who had an intention of exercising. 
C)  ​for all participants irrespective of their intentions. 
D)  ​for raising awareness, but not promoting activity.

Question 6

Central to the transtheoretical model is the assumption that both behavior change and relapse take the shape of a​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​triangle. 
B)  ​rectangle. 
C)  ​cone. 
D)  ​spiral. 
A)  ​triangle. 
B)  ​rectangle. 
C)  ​cone. 
D)  ​spiral.

Question 7

Patients' records of their own rate of adherence may lack validity because

Accepted Answer

A)  patients sometimes lie to avoid the displeasure of their physicians. 
B)  patients may be unaware of their own rate of adherence. 
C)  neither a nor b. 
D)  both a and b. 
A)  patients sometimes lie to avoid the displeasure of their physicians. 
B)  patients may be unaware of their own rate of adherence. 
C)  neither a nor b. 
D)  both a and b.

Question 8

​The noncompliant personality

Accepted Answer

A)  ​has not been found to exist among groups of people. 
B)  ​is more common among men than among women. 
C)  ​is less common among well-educated people. 
D)  ​is more common among the elderly. 
A)  ​has not been found to exist among groups of people. 
B)  ​is more common among men than among women. 
C)  ​is less common among well-educated people. 
D)  ​is more common among the elderly.

Question 9

__________ of health behavior take(s) a "one size fits all" approach.

Accepted Answer

A)  Stage theories 
B)  Continuum theories 
C)  Response efficacy 
D)  Stages of change 
A)  Stage theories 
B)  Continuum theories 
C)  Response efficacy 
D)  Stages of change

Question 10

Of all methods used to assess patient adherence,​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​only pill count is both reliable and valid as a method. 
B)  ​examination of biochemical evidence is the most valid. 
C)  ​examination of biochemical evidence is the least valid. 
D)  ​no single method alone is sufficiently reliable or valid. 
A)  ​only pill count is both reliable and valid as a method. 
B)  ​examination of biochemical evidence is the most valid. 
C)  ​examination of biochemical evidence is the least valid. 
D)  ​no single method alone is sufficiently reliable or valid.

Question 11

For improving adherence, _________ strategies are more helpful to patients who need to know _______ to change their behavior; _______ strategies are more helpful to patients who need to know _______ to change their behavior.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​educational, how; behavioral, why 
B)  ​educational, why; behavioral, how 
C)  ​both types, why; neither one, how 
D)  ​both types, how; neither one, why 
A)  ​educational, how; behavioral, why 
B)  ​educational, why; behavioral, how 
C)  ​both types, why; neither one, how 
D)  ​both types, how; neither one, why

Question 12

Practitioners' accuracy when judging adherence of patients is​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​very valid. 
B)  ​very reliable. 
C)  ​only slightly better than chance. 
D)  ​the best report of patients' adherence. 
A)  ​very valid. 
B)  ​very reliable. 
C)  ​only slightly better than chance. 
D)  ​the best report of patients' adherence.

Question 13

Research by Armitage and colleagues (2004) into Prochaska's health action process approach model found it was harder for people to transition​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​from the contemplation to the preparation stage than other transitions. 
B)  ​from the action stage to the maintenance stage than other transitions. 
C)  ​from the preparation stage to the action stage than other transitions. 
D)  ​from any stage to the next than Prochaska theorized for transitions. 
A)  ​from the contemplation to the preparation stage than other transitions. 
B)  ​from the action stage to the maintenance stage than other transitions. 
C)  ​from the preparation stage to the action stage than other transitions. 
D)  ​from any stage to the next than Prochaska theorized for transitions.

Question 14

In a study that examined medication adherence in heart failure patients, adherence was measured by both a Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS) and by patient self-report. ______ predicted survival over a 6-month period, whereas ______ did not.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Patient self-report; MEMS 
B)  ​MEMS; patient self-report 
C)  ​Practitioner self-report; MEMS 
D)  ​Exercise; MEMS 
A)  ​Patient self-report; MEMS 
B)  ​MEMS; patient self-report 
C)  ​Practitioner self-report; MEMS 
D)  ​Exercise; MEMS

Question 15

Which of the following is an aspect of tailoring the regimen that research studies have found among the most effective for improving medication adherence?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Treatment to patient stage of change 
B)  ​Treatment to a patient's personality 
C)  ​Treatment including pill organizers 
D)  ​Treatment on a simplified schedule 
A)  ​Treatment to patient stage of change 
B)  ​Treatment to a patient's personality 
C)  ​Treatment including pill organizers 
D)  ​Treatment on a simplified schedule

Question 16

Those who do not share the cultural beliefs of Western medicine​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​are just as likely as those who do to comply with the advice of a physician. 
B)  ​may comply not with advice from physicians, but from practitioners of their cultural traditions. 
C)  ​are likely to be members of ethnic minorities and are less compliant than European Americans. 
D)  ​are more likely to comply with the advice of a nurse than with that of a physician. 
A)  ​are just as likely as those who do to comply with the advice of a physician. 
B)  ​may comply not with advice from physicians, but from practitioners of their cultural traditions. 
C)  ​are likely to be members of ethnic minorities and are less compliant than European Americans. 
D)  ​are more likely to comply with the advice of a nurse than with that of a physician.

Question 17

The behavioral model of adherence​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​emphasizes reinforcement of compliant behaviors. 
B)  ​emphasizes punishment of noncompliant behaviors. 
C)  ​incorporates the concept of subjective norms. 
D)  ​has very little research evidence to support it. 
A)  ​emphasizes reinforcement of compliant behaviors. 
B)  ​emphasizes punishment of noncompliant behaviors. 
C)  ​incorporates the concept of subjective norms. 
D)  ​has very little research evidence to support it.

Question 18

The relationship between adherence and age is complex. For example, one study (Thomas et al., 1995) found that age had a(n) ______ relationship with adherence to colorectal screening.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​inverse 
B)  ​direct 
C)  ​curvilinear 
D)  ​dose-response 
A)  ​inverse 
B)  ​direct 
C)  ​curvilinear 
D)  ​dose-response

Question 19

To illustrate her point that "We are often goal-oriented but not role-oriented," professional psychotherapist Miriam joked, "For example, I want to lose 20 pounds, but I don't want to change my diet or exercise." This is an example of:​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​implementational intentions. 
B)  ​the intention-behavior gap. 
C)  ​behavioral willingness. 
D)  ​risk-taking behaviors. 
A)  ​implementational intentions. 
B)  ​the intention-behavior gap. 
C)  ​behavioral willingness. 
D)  ​risk-taking behaviors.

What would be the best way to help motivate a smoker to stop smoking if s/he perceives many barriers to quitting, and you are following the health belief model?

According to Prochaska and his colleagues, people in which stages of the health action process approach model need strategies for directly changing their behaviors?

Women are more likely than men to show higher rates of adherence to a

For individuals who are depressed, their risk of nonadherence is ____ greater than individuals who are not depressed.

Research has found that planning was influential to adult physical activity

Central to the transtheoretical model is the assumption that both behavior change and relapse take the shape of a

Patients' records of their own rate of adherence may lack validity because

The noncompliant personality

__________ of health behavior take(s) a "one size fits all" approach.

Of all methods used to assess patient adherence,

For improving adherence, _____ strategies are more helpful to patients who need to know _ to change their behavior; _ strategies are more helpful to patients who need to know ___ to change their behavior.

Practitioners' accuracy when judging adherence of patients is

Research by Armitage and colleagues (2004) into Prochaska's health action process approach model found it was harder for people to transition

In a study that examined medication adherence in heart failure patients, adherence was measured by both a Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS) and by patient self-report. predicted survival over a 6-month period, whereas did not.

Which of the following is an aspect of tailoring the regimen that research studies have found among the most effective for improving medication adherence?

Those who do not share the cultural beliefs of Western medicine

The behavioral model of adherence

The relationship between adherence and age is complex. For example, one study (Thomas et al., 1995) found that age had a(n) ______ relationship with adherence to colorectal screening.

To illustrate her point that "We are often goal-oriented but not role-oriented," professional psychotherapist Miriam joked, "For example, I want to lose 20 pounds, but I don't want to change my diet or exercise." This is an example of:

Introducing Health Psychology

Conducting Health Research

Seeking and Receiving Health Care

Defining, Measuring, and Managing Stress

Understanding Stress, Immunity, and Disease

Understanding and Managing Pain

Considering Alternative Approaches

Behaivoral Factors in Cardiovascular Disease

Behavioral Factors in Cancer

Living With Chronic Illness

Smoking Tobacco

Using Alcohol and Other Drugs

Eating and Weight

Exercising

Future Challenges

Filters

Exam 4: Adhering to Healthy Behavior

What would be the best way to help motivate a smoker to stop smoking if s/he perceives many barriers to quitting, and you are following the health belief model?​

According to Prochaska and his colleagues, people in which stages of the health action process approach model need strategies for directly changing their behaviors?​

Women are more likely than men to show higher rates of adherence to a​

For individuals who are depressed, their risk of nonadherence is ____ greater than individuals who are not depressed.

Research has found that planning was influential to adult physical activity​

Central to the transtheoretical model is the assumption that both behavior change and relapse take the shape of a​

Patients' records of their own rate of adherence may lack validity because

​The noncompliant personality

__________ of health behavior take(s) a "one size fits all" approach.

Of all methods used to assess patient adherence,​

For improving adherence, _________ strategies are more helpful to patients who need to know _______ to change their behavior; _______ strategies are more helpful to patients who need to know _______ to change their behavior.​

Practitioners' accuracy when judging adherence of patients is​

Research by Armitage and colleagues (2004) into Prochaska's health action process approach model found it was harder for people to transition​

In a study that examined medication adherence in heart failure patients, adherence was measured by both a Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS) and by patient self-report. ______ predicted survival over a 6-month period, whereas ______ did not.​

Which of the following is an aspect of tailoring the regimen that research studies have found among the most effective for improving medication adherence?​

Those who do not share the cultural beliefs of Western medicine​

The behavioral model of adherence​

The relationship between adherence and age is complex. For example, one study (Thomas et al., 1995) found that age had a(n) ______ relationship with adherence to colorectal screening.​

To illustrate her point that "We are often goal-oriented but not role-oriented," professional psychotherapist Miriam joked, "For example, I want to lose 20 pounds, but I don't want to change my diet or exercise." This is an example of:​

Introducing Health Psychology

Conducting Health Research

Seeking and Receiving Health Care

Defining, Measuring, and Managing Stress

Understanding Stress, Immunity, and Disease

Understanding and Managing Pain

Considering Alternative Approaches

Behaivoral Factors in Cardiovascular Disease

Behavioral Factors in Cancer

Living With Chronic Illness

Smoking Tobacco

Using Alcohol and Other Drugs

Eating and Weight

Exercising

Future Challenges

Filters

What would be the best way to help motivate a smoker to stop smoking if s/he perceives many barriers to quitting, and you are following the health belief model?

According to Prochaska and his colleagues, people in which stages of the health action process approach model need strategies for directly changing their behaviors?

Women are more likely than men to show higher rates of adherence to a

Research has found that planning was influential to adult physical activity

Central to the transtheoretical model is the assumption that both behavior change and relapse take the shape of a

The noncompliant personality

Of all methods used to assess patient adherence,

For improving adherence, _____ strategies are more helpful to patients who need to know _ to change their behavior; _ strategies are more helpful to patients who need to know ___ to change their behavior.

Practitioners' accuracy when judging adherence of patients is

Research by Armitage and colleagues (2004) into Prochaska's health action process approach model found it was harder for people to transition

In a study that examined medication adherence in heart failure patients, adherence was measured by both a Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS) and by patient self-report. predicted survival over a 6-month period, whereas did not.

Which of the following is an aspect of tailoring the regimen that research studies have found among the most effective for improving medication adherence?

Those who do not share the cultural beliefs of Western medicine

The behavioral model of adherence

The relationship between adherence and age is complex. For example, one study (Thomas et al., 1995) found that age had a(n) ______ relationship with adherence to colorectal screening.

To illustrate her point that "We are often goal-oriented but not role-oriented," professional psychotherapist Miriam joked, "For example, I want to lose 20 pounds, but I don't want to change my diet or exercise." This is an example of: