Question 1

In an average ecosystem,about how much energy is present in the organisms at a given trophic level compared to the organisms at the next higher trophic level?

Accepted Answer

A) half as much 
B) ten times as much 
C) twice as much 
D) a tenth as much 
A) half as much 
B) ten times as much 
C) twice as much 
D) a tenth as much

Question 2

In a certain ecosystem,field mice are preyed on by snakes and hawks.The entry of wild dogs into the system adds another predator of the mice.Of the following,the most likely short- term result of this addition is

Accepted Answer

A) a reduction in numbers of mice. 
B) migration of the hawks to another ecosystem. 
C) a tendency for hawks to prey on the dogs. 
D) an increase in snake population. 
A) a reduction in numbers of mice. 
B) migration of the hawks to another ecosystem. 
C) a tendency for hawks to prey on the dogs. 
D) an increase in snake population.

Question 3

Non- native species that are introduced in new environments,spread far beyond the original point of introduction,and cause damage are called

Accepted Answer

A) destructive species. 
B) enemy species. 
C) proprietary species. 
D) invasive species. 
A) destructive species. 
B) enemy species. 
C) proprietary species. 
D) invasive species.

Question 4

In addition to abiotic factors,community composition of plants can be severely compromised by

Accepted Answer

A) non- native birds. 
B) introduction of chestnut trees. 
C) parasites and pathogens. 
D) rapid coevolution. 
A) non- native birds. 
B) introduction of chestnut trees. 
C) parasites and pathogens. 
D) rapid coevolution.

Question 5

Dinoflagellates are important to coral and coral- dwelling animals because they

Accepted Answer

A) are toxic to species that prey on reef- dwelling fish. 
B) provide shelter for the fast- growing seaweeds associated with coral. 
C) produce CO2 and nitrogen for coral. 
D) produce energy that is used by coral animals through photosynthesis. 
A) are toxic to species that prey on reef- dwelling fish. 
B) provide shelter for the fast- growing seaweeds associated with coral. 
C) produce CO2 and nitrogen for coral. 
D) produce energy that is used by coral animals through photosynthesis.

Question 6

Which of the following statements regarding food webs is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Nutrient transfer moves from producer to consumer and back. 
B) Detritivores consume dead organic matter from a specific trophic level. 
C) A consumer eats only one type of producer. 
D) Several species of primary consumers may feed on the same species of producer. 
A) Nutrient transfer moves from producer to consumer and back. 
B) Detritivores consume dead organic matter from a specific trophic level. 
C) A consumer eats only one type of producer. 
D) Several species of primary consumers may feed on the same species of producer.

Question 7

Camouflage typically evolves as a result of

Accepted Answer

A) interspecific competition. 
B) herbivory. 
C) mutualism. 
D) predation. 
A) interspecific competition. 
B) herbivory. 
C) mutualism. 
D) predation.

Question 8

The number of species in a community is called the

Accepted Answer

A) species richness. 
B) species diversity. 
C) species index. 
D) species population. 
A) species richness. 
B) species diversity. 
C) species index. 
D) species population.

Question 9

A hypothetical community on a barren mid- Atlantic island consists of two fish- eating seabirds (the booby and the noddy),the fungi and microorganisms that live on the birds' dung,a tick that feeds on these two birds,a cactus,a moth that feeds on cast- off feathers,a beetle that lives on dung organisms,and spiders that eat the other arthropods.There are no other plants and no lichens.Which of the following choices incorrectly pairs a member of this assemblage with its position in the trophic structure?

Accepted Answer

A) booby,primary consumer 
B) cactus,producer 
C) moth,detritivore 
D) fungi,detritivores 
A) booby,primary consumer 
B) cactus,producer 
C) moth,detritivore 
D) fungi,detritivores

Question 10

Some herbivore- plant interactions evolved through a series of reciprocal evolutionary adaptations in both species.The process is called

Accepted Answer

A) selection. 
B) trophism. 
C) herbivory. 
D) coevolution. 
A) selection. 
B) trophism. 
C) herbivory. 
D) coevolution.

Exam 37: Communities and Ecosystems

In an average ecosystem,about how much energy is present in the organisms at a given trophic level compared to the organisms at the next higher trophic level?

In a certain ecosystem,field mice are preyed on by snakes and hawks.The entry of wild dogs into the system adds another predator of the mice.Of the following,the most likely short- term result of this addition is

Non- native species that are introduced in new environments,spread far beyond the original point of introduction,and cause damage are called

In addition to abiotic factors,community composition of plants can be severely compromised by

Dinoflagellates are important to coral and coral- dwelling animals because they

Which of the following statements regarding food webs is true?

Camouflage typically evolves as a result of

The number of species in a community is called the

Some herbivore- plant interactions evolved through a series of reciprocal evolutionary adaptations in both species.The process is called

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

Dna Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

Circulation

The Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

The Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure,growth,and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

The Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Conservation Biology

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