Question 1

Which of the following options lists the events of protist evolution in the correct order,according to current science?

Accepted Answer

A) Mitochondria and then chloroplasts evolved through primary endosymbiosis; later,protozoans were incorporated into several other groups of protists through secondary endosymbiosis. 
B) Mitochondria and then chloroplasts evolved through primary endosymbiosis; later,algae were incorporated into several other groups of protists through secondary endosymbiosis. 
C) Chloroplasts and then mitochondria evolved through primary endosymbiosis; later,algae were incorporated into several other groups of protists through secondary endosymbiosis. 
D) Mitochondria evolved through primary endosymbiosis; chloroplasts then evolved through secondary endosymbiosis. 
A) Mitochondria and then chloroplasts evolved through primary endosymbiosis; later,protozoans were incorporated into several other groups of protists through secondary endosymbiosis. 
B) Mitochondria and then chloroplasts evolved through primary endosymbiosis; later,algae were incorporated into several other groups of protists through secondary endosymbiosis. 
C) Chloroplasts and then mitochondria evolved through primary endosymbiosis; later,algae were incorporated into several other groups of protists through secondary endosymbiosis. 
D) Mitochondria evolved through primary endosymbiosis; chloroplasts then evolved through secondary endosymbiosis.

Question 2

are toxic proteins secreted by pathogenic bacteria,whereas are toxic components of the outer membrane of gram- negative pathogens.

Accepted Answer

A) Endotoxins ...phosphotoxins 
B) Exotoxins ...enterotoxins 
C) Exotoxins ...endotoxins 
D) Endotoxins ...botulinum toxins 
A) Endotoxins ...phosphotoxins 
B) Exotoxins ...enterotoxins 
C) Exotoxins ...endotoxins 
D) Endotoxins ...botulinum toxins

Question 3

One difference between gram- positive and gram- negative bacteria is

Accepted Answer

A) gram- positive bacteria are spiral- shaped and gram- negative bacteria are either rod- shaped or spherical. 
B) only gram- negative bacteria can form endospores. 
C) gram- positive bacteria have more peptidoglycan in their cell walls. 
D) gram- positive bacteria have fimbriae but gram- negative bacteria do not. 
A) gram- positive bacteria are spiral- shaped and gram- negative bacteria are either rod- shaped or spherical. 
B) only gram- negative bacteria can form endospores. 
C) gram- positive bacteria have more peptidoglycan in their cell walls. 
D) gram- positive bacteria have fimbriae but gram- negative bacteria do not.

Question 4

An unknown bacterial species is recovered from a sick patient's digestive tract.It has a membrane outside the cell wall that contains toxic lipids.This observation indicates

Accepted Answer

A) that the infection should be relatively easy to control with common antibiotics,because the pathogen is a gram- negative species. 
B) that the infection may be quite threatening and difficult to control,because the pathogen is a gram- negative species. 
C) that the infection may be quite threatening and difficult to control,because the pathogen is a gram- positive species. 
D) that the infection should be relatively easy to control with common antibiotics,because the pathogen is a gram- positive species. 
A) that the infection should be relatively easy to control with common antibiotics,because the pathogen is a gram- negative species. 
B) that the infection may be quite threatening and difficult to control,because the pathogen is a gram- negative species. 
C) that the infection may be quite threatening and difficult to control,because the pathogen is a gram- positive species. 
D) that the infection should be relatively easy to control with common antibiotics,because the pathogen is a gram- positive species.

Question 5

Plasmodium,the organism that causes malaria,is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) amoeba. 
B) ciliate. 
C) stramenopile. 
D) chromalveolate. 
A) amoeba. 
B) ciliate. 
C) stramenopile. 
D) chromalveolate.

Question 6

Which of the following causes food poisoning and typhoid fever?

Accepted Answer

A) Bacillus anthracis 
B) Salmonella 
C) Clostridium botulinum 
D) E.coli 
A) Bacillus anthracis 
B) Salmonella 
C) Clostridium botulinum 
D) E.coli

Question 7

Unlike archaean and eukaryote cell walls,bacterial cell walls contain a unique substance called

Accepted Answer

A) glycogen. 
B) cellulose. 
C) phospholipid. 
D) peptidoglycan. 
A) glycogen. 
B) cellulose. 
C) phospholipid. 
D) peptidoglycan.

Question 8

In secondary endosymbiosis,a(n)became endosymbiotic in a(n)_ .

Accepted Answer

A) heterotrophic eukaryotic protist ...autotrophic heterotrophic protist 
B) autotrophic eukaryotic protist ...heterotrophic eukaryotic protist 
C) autotrophic prokaryote ...heterotrophic eukaryotic protist 
D) heterotrophic prokaryote ...autotrophic eukaryotic protist 
A) heterotrophic eukaryotic protist ...autotrophic heterotrophic protist 
B) autotrophic eukaryotic protist ...heterotrophic eukaryotic protist 
C) autotrophic prokaryote ...heterotrophic eukaryotic protist 
D) heterotrophic prokaryote ...autotrophic eukaryotic protist

Question 9

Evidence for the relatively close relationship of archaea to eukaryotes includes

Accepted Answer

A) the presence of peptidoglycan in the cell walls of both groups. 
B) the absence of introns from genes in both groups. 
C) the fact that both have several kinds of relatively complex RNA polymerases 
D) the fact that both contain circular DNA without histones. 
A) the presence of peptidoglycan in the cell walls of both groups. 
B) the absence of introns from genes in both groups. 
C) the fact that both have several kinds of relatively complex RNA polymerases 
D) the fact that both contain circular DNA without histones.

Question 10

In what way does the green alga Ulva resemble land plants?

Accepted Answer

A) It has a complex life cycle with diploid body cells and haploid gametes. 
B) It has a complex life cycle with alternation between multicellular diploid and haploid generations. 
C) It has a multicellular haploid stage that alternates with a unicellular diploid stage. 
D) It produces diploid gametes. 
A) It has a complex life cycle with diploid body cells and haploid gametes. 
B) It has a complex life cycle with alternation between multicellular diploid and haploid generations. 
C) It has a multicellular haploid stage that alternates with a unicellular diploid stage. 
D) It produces diploid gametes.

Question 11

Which of the following is a member of the domain Archaea?

Accepted Answer

A) spirochetes 
B) methanogens 
C) chlamydias 
D) gram- positive bacteria 
A) spirochetes 
B) methanogens 
C) chlamydias 
D) gram- positive bacteria

Question 12

Eukaryotes are prokaryotes.

Accepted Answer

A) more ancient than 
B) dependent upon 
C) more numerous than 
D) more widespread than 
A) more ancient than 
B) dependent upon 
C) more numerous than 
D) more widespread than

Question 13

The three diseases that represent high- priority threats as biological weapons today are

Accepted Answer

A) smallpox,influenza,and typhus. 
B) syphilis,Chlamydia,and HIV. 
C) anthrax,smallpox,and Thiobacillus. 
D) anthrax,plague,and botulinum toxin. 
A) smallpox,influenza,and typhus. 
B) syphilis,Chlamydia,and HIV. 
C) anthrax,smallpox,and Thiobacillus. 
D) anthrax,plague,and botulinum toxin.

Question 14

You collect a protist from a rotting log and grow it in a petri dish containing E.coli,which it engulfs.For a while the protists multiply as single cells.Then the E.coli run short,and the protists aggregate to form a clump,which rises up to become a stalked structure with a globular head.What kind of protist have you got?

Accepted Answer

A) a water mold 
B) a free- living amoeba 
C) a plasmodial slime mold 
D) a cellular slime mold 
A) a water mold 
B) a free- living amoeba 
C) a plasmodial slime mold 
D) a cellular slime mold

Question 15

Which stage of the life cycle shown is the sporophyte?

Accepted Answer

A) stage A 
B) stage B 
C) stage C 
D) stage D 
A) stage A 
B) stage B 
C) stage C 
D) stage D

Question 16

Many species of which protist group have modified mitochondria that lack functional electron transport chains?

Accepted Answer

A) excavates 
B) unikonts 
C) rhizarians 
D) ciliates 
A) excavates 
B) unikonts 
C) rhizarians 
D) ciliates

Question 17

The term for a close association between organisms of two or more species is

Accepted Answer

A) interdependence. 
B) associative living. 
C) colonialism. 
D) symbiosis. 
A) interdependence. 
B) associative living. 
C) colonialism. 
D) symbiosis.

Question 18

The trickling filter at a sewage treatment plant works by

Accepted Answer

A) passing wastewater through a thick bed of rocks.Biofilms of bacteria and fungi on the rocks remove much of the organic material dissolved in the wastewater. 
B) adding fertilizer to wastewater and passing it through a culture medium rich in oil- eating prokaryotes. 
C) passing wastewater through fine sand,mechanically removing fine pollution particles. 
D) passing wastewater through a thick bed of rocks that contain chemicals that sterilize the water and neutralize chemical pollutants or bind with them to produce a harmless precipitate. 
A) passing wastewater through a thick bed of rocks.Biofilms of bacteria and fungi on the rocks remove much of the organic material dissolved in the wastewater. 
B) adding fertilizer to wastewater and passing it through a culture medium rich in oil- eating prokaryotes. 
C) passing wastewater through fine sand,mechanically removing fine pollution particles. 
D) passing wastewater through a thick bed of rocks that contain chemicals that sterilize the water and neutralize chemical pollutants or bind with them to produce a harmless precipitate.

Question 19

Cyanobacteria

Accepted Answer

A) are chemoautotrophs. 
B) are eukaryotes and are the earliest type of algae. 
C) are photosynthetic archaea. 
D) are the only prokaryotes with plantlike oxygen- generating photosynthesis. 
A) are chemoautotrophs. 
B) are eukaryotes and are the earliest type of algae. 
C) are photosynthetic archaea. 
D) are the only prokaryotes with plantlike oxygen- generating photosynthesis.

Question 20

Which of the following groups includes the protists that reside within the cells of corals?

Accepted Answer

A) diatoms 
B) ciliates 
C) brown algae 
D) dinoflagellates 
A) diatoms 
B) ciliates 
C) brown algae 
D) dinoflagellates

Exam 16: Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

Which of the following options lists the events of protist evolution in the correct order,according to current science?

are toxic proteins secreted by pathogenic bacteria,whereas are toxic components of the outer membrane of gram- negative pathogens.

One difference between gram- positive and gram- negative bacteria is

An unknown bacterial species is recovered from a sick patient's digestive tract.It has a membrane outside the cell wall that contains toxic lipids.This observation indicates

Plasmodium,the organism that causes malaria,is a(n)

Which of the following causes food poisoning and typhoid fever?

Unlike archaean and eukaryote cell walls,bacterial cell walls contain a unique substance called

In secondary endosymbiosis,a(n)became endosymbiotic in a(n)_ .

Evidence for the relatively close relationship of archaea to eukaryotes includes

In what way does the green alga Ulva resemble land plants?

Which of the following is a member of the domain Archaea?

Eukaryotes are prokaryotes.

The three diseases that represent high- priority threats as biological weapons today are

Which stage of the life cycle shown is the sporophyte?

Many species of which protist group have modified mitochondria that lack functional electron transport chains?

The term for a close association between organisms of two or more species is

The trickling filter at a sewage treatment plant works by

Cyanobacteria

Which of the following groups includes the protists that reside within the cells of corals?

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

Dna Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

Circulation

The Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

The Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure,growth,and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

The Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

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