Question 1

Kyle could feel himself coming down with a nasty cold.His roommate,Dave,had been bragging about a new cold remedy he had discovered,guaranteeing that the remedy cured the common cold.Kyle went to Dave's room and asked him some questions about this new cure.Kyle was demonstrating critical thinking skills by asking:

Accepted Answer

A)  what advertising the manufacturers had done to support their claim of a cure. 
B)  to try a sample of the remedy. 
C)  whether there was another plausible explanation for the remedy curing the common cold. 
D)  how much of the remedy needs to be taken and how often it needs to be taken.

Question 2

Hypotheses typically specify lawful relations between certain behaviours and their causes,and tend to be broader than theories.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Dr.Lahore is a psychologist who is investigating the relation between stress and illness.In her research,she has observed that as stress increases,the occurrence of physical illness also tends to increase.The association between these two variables is an example of a:

Accepted Answer

A)  positive correlation. 
B)  negative correlation. 
C)  causal correlation. 
D)  random correlation.

Question 4

Which of following most accurately describes the distinction between independent and dependent variables?

Accepted Answer

A)  The dependent variable is correlated with the independent variable. 
B)  The independent variable is correlated with the dependent variable. 
C)  The dependent variable "depends upon" the independent variable. 
D)  The independent variable "depends upon" the dependent variable.

Question 5

Experimental research contains three essential steps: manipulate one variable,measure whether this manipulation affects another variable,and:

Accepted Answer

A)  calculate the correlation between the two variables. 
B)  attempt to manipulate other factors. 
C)  attempt to control or hold constant other factors. 
D)  use random sampling.

Question 6

If an experiment allows for clear causal conclusions to be drawn,it is said to have strong:

Accepted Answer

A)  operational definitions. 
B)  external validity. 
C)  internal validity. 
D)  hypotheses.

Question 7

Professor Smith has developed a theory that is rather straightforward compared to the complex theory of Professor Jones.Both theories generate a number of new hypotheses from other researchers.Even though both theories predict the same phenomena well,the preferred theory is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Professor Smith's because it conforms to the law of parsimony. 
B)  Professor Smith's because it will be easiest to prove. 
C)  Professor Jones' because it is complex and will generate more hypotheses. 
D)  Professor Jones' because its complexity allows for more testability.

Question 8

Which of the following lists the steps of the scientific process in the proper order?

Accepted Answer

A)  conduct research,ask question,create hypothesis,analyze data,build theory 
B)  ask question,create hypothesis,conduct research,analyze data,build theory 
C)  ask question,conduct research,create hypothesis,build theory,analyze data 
D)  create hypothesis,ask question,conduct research,analyze data,build theory

Question 9

With a _____________ design,each participant is exposed to all of the conditions of the independent variable.

Accepted Answer

The answer of With a _____________ design,each participant is exposed...

Question 10

A clinical psychologist has observed that there appears to be an association between parental anger and childhood self-esteem.In particular,parents who score higher on ratings of anger and hostility tend to have children who have lower self-esteem.If this psychologist's impressions are correct,the relation between parental anger and childhood self-esteem would be an example of a:

Accepted Answer

A)  positive correlation. 
B)  causal correlation. 
C)  negative correlation. 
D)  random correlation.

Question 11

In a study designed to investigate the causes of stress,a psychological researcher measures stress by monitoring people's heart rate and blood pressure.In this study,the researcher has utilized which method of measuring behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  self-report measures 
B)  archival records 
C)  physiological measures 
D)  behavioural observations

Question 12

A case study is considered to be which type of research method?

Accepted Answer

A)  descriptive research 
B)  correlational research 
C)  experimental research 
D)  hypothetical research

Question 13

One of the primary techniques for reducing both the placebo effect and experimenter expectancy effects is random selection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

We can best predict the value of one variable from the value of another variable if the two variables have a correlation coefficient of:

Accepted Answer

A)  +0.00 
B)  -0.50 
C)  -0.75 
D)  +0.60

Question 15

A researcher conducting a study on the effectiveness of a new prescription medication gives the actual medication to a group of people.A second group of participants are told they are receiving the medication but instead are given an inert sugar pill.Though the drug is found to be effective for the people who actually took it,a sizeable percentage of the people given the sugar pill also improve.The improvement of this second group is most likely due to:

Accepted Answer

A)  experimenter expectancy effects. 
B)  the placebo effect. 
C)  social desirability bias. 
D)  sampling bias

Question 16

The ____________ refers to when participants in a study show a change in behaviour not because of the treatment they have received,but because of their expectations about that treatment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ____________ refers to when participants in...

Question 17

In a negative correlation,high scores on one variable are associated with ____________ scores on the second variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  above average 
B)  low 
C)  average 
D)  high

Question 18

If a finding is generalized in a cross-cultural replication,it is strong evidence for the _______ of the phenomenon.

Accepted Answer

A)  applicability 
B)  low internal validity 
C)  confounding 
D)  external validity

Question 19

A humanistic psychologist believes that people who don't have a clear sense of meaning in their lives are more vulnerable to depression and physical illness.This psychologist's beliefs are best viewed as an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  scientific skepticism. 
B)  a hypothesis. 
C)  a theory. 
D)  conducting research.

Question 20

The social desirability bias exists as a limitation of which of the ways of measuring behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  physiological measures 
B)  behavioural observations 
C)  reports by others 
D)  self-report measures

Exam 2: Studying Behaviour Scientifically