Question 1

Remaining independent in the face of pressure,being consistent over time,and appearing to maintain an open mind were all factors that:

Accepted Answer

A)  maximize minority influence. 
B)  increase conformity. 
C)  decrease the fundamental attribution error. 
D)  increase obedience.

Question 2

Studies with animals have found that if conditions are arranged such that an animal is continually defeated in fights with other animals of the same species,it will become more submissive.This effect is increased if the animal is _________ when it suffers its first defeat.

Accepted Answer

A)  ostracized 
B)  weakened 
C)  mature 
D)  young

Question 3

When we are unaware of the role that our behaviour played in shaping another person's behaviour and we then interpret the other person's behaviour as evidence that our expectation of the other person was correct all along,a __________________ is said to have occurred.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-fulfilling prophecy 
B)  self-reinforcement process 
C)  self-verification process 
D)  self-serving bias

Question 4

Jill has been seeing two men to whom she is very attracted.Bob is a co-worker and Jill usually has lunch with Bob two or three days a week.Steve is a traveling salesperson and he and Jill manage to get together once or twice a month.Jill is more likely to develop a more meaningful relationship with Bob according to the concept of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  social facilitation 
B)  physical proximity 
C)  groupthink 
D)  mutual attraction

Question 5

When trying to persuade someone,which of the following strategies would be the most effective?

Accepted Answer

A)  present both your opinion and the opposition's arguments and then refute the opposition's arguments 
B)  present only your opinion 
C)  present both your opinion and the opposition's arguments,and then discuss the weakness of both sides 
D)  present only the opposition's arguments and then refute them

Question 6

The belief that one's individual performance within a group is not being monitored and having a task goal that is not very meaningful or valuable to a person are two factors that are most likely to increase the chance of:

Accepted Answer

A)  groupthink. 
B)  social loafing. 
C)  minority influence. 
D)  group polarization.

Question 7

Diffusion of responsibility is most likely to inhibit helping behaviour in which stage of bystander intervention?

Accepted Answer

A)  noticing an event 
B)  assuming responsibility for helping 
C)  deciding whether an event is an emergency 
D)  knowing how to help

Question 8

Robert Sternberg's triangular theory of love asserts that the three basic types of love are __________,____________,and ___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Robert Sternberg's triangular theory of love asserts...

Question 9

There is the notion that people may want to be positively judged by the company they keep and this is a possible reason why ___________ has a positive impact on attraction.

Accepted Answer

A)  similarity 
B)  proximity 
C)  physical beauty 
D)  sexuality

Question 10

The fundamental attribution error refers to how people tend to overestimate the importance of personal factors and _______________ the importance of situational factors,when explaining other people's behaviours.

Accepted Answer

A)  overestimate 
B)  underestimate 
C)  overcompensate 
D)  ignore

Question 11

As part of an experiment,a person is asked to write an essay advocating an opinion that is opposite to her own.She is given no financial incentive to do this and after completing the essay,the experimenters find that her prior attitude has shifted towards the one advocated in the essay she just wrote.The opinions of other participants in the study who received a financial incentive ($20)for writing a counterattitudinal essay did not show similar shifts.This example best demonstrates the phenomenon called:

Accepted Answer

A)  social loafing. 
B)  the fundamental attribution error. 
C)  social facilitation. 
D)  cognitive dissonance.

Question 12

During a murder trial,two expert witnesses testify as to the accuracy of the DNA statistics.The two experts have conflicting opinions.James is a juror who finds the scientific evidence hard to understand,but he finds that he is more attracted to one of the experts for the defence because she is young and reminds him of his daughter.When James is persuaded by her testimony and discounts the testimony of the other expert,he is using:

Accepted Answer

A)  the central route to persuasion 
B)  the peripheral route to persuasion 
C)  a self-fulfilling prophecy 
D)  a self-serving bias

Question 13

Sherif demonstrated using the optical illusion known as the ____________________ effect that even randomly formed groups create norms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sherif demonstrated using the optical illusion known...

Question 14

Asch demonstrated that a substantial percentage of participants conformed to obviously inaccurate line judgements made by several confederates.Follow-up interviews with the participants revealed that:

Accepted Answer

A)  only informational social influence appeared to be responsible for these results. 
B)  only normative social influence appeared to be responsible for these results. 
C)  neither informational nor normative social influence were responsible for these results. 
D)  both informational and normative social influence were responsible for these results.

Question 15

A person is more likely to retaliate and act aggressively if she perceives another person's negative behaviour as being intended and controllable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

According to researcher John Gottman,four behaviours that predict poor marital outcomes are criticism,contempt,___________,and ____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to researcher John Gottman,four behaviours that...

Question 17

A couple has been together for several years and they are now deciding whether to end their relationship.Based on Thibaut and Kelley's social exchange theory,one of the primary factors that will affect their decision is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the relative rewards and costs that they experience when in the relationship. 
B)  their mate preference patterns,which are the products of learning and culturally defined roles. 
C)  the amount of personal self-disclosure that takes place in their relationship. 
D)  their mate preference patterns,which have been shaped by evolutionary forces.

Question 18

The frustration-aggression hypothesis asserted that frustration inevitably leads to aggression and all aggression is the result of frustration.Subsequent research has revealed that:

Accepted Answer

A)  both of these assertions are strongly supported by empirical evidence. 
B)  neither of these assertions is supported by empirical evidence. 
C)  only the assertion that frustration inevitably leads to aggression has received considerable empirical support. 
D)  only the assertion that all aggression is the result of frustration has received considerable empirical support.

Question 19

A psychologist is discussing altruism and claims that the ability to put ourselves in the place of another and to share what that person is feeling is essential for altruism to occur.This explanation is most consistent with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  the empathy-altruism hypothesis 
B)  the norm of social responsibility 
C)  reciprocal altruism 
D)  the principle of perspective taking

Question 20

The principal has just told Mrs.Snyder,a kindergarten teacher,that a new little girl will be joining her kindergarten class.The little girl is African-American and Mrs.Snyder believes that African-American children are not as bright as European-American children.Consequently,when speaking to the little girl,Mrs.Snyder speaks slower and tends not to explain answers to the little girl's questions in as much detail as she does to other children.Mrs.Snyder is showing ________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  an unconscious attitude 
B)  discrimination 
C)  out-group homogeneity bias 
D)  prejudice

Exam 13: Behaviour in a Social Context