Question 1

Jamal studied long and hard for his psychology exam,has mastered the material,and can answer any question that anyone poses.When he enters the classroom on the day of the examination,the room is more crowded than it's been all term.In this situation,Jamal should

Accepted Answer

A) move to a quiet room to take the exam alone. 
B) request to make the exam a conjunctive task performed in groups. 
C) move to the front of the lecture hall where he will not be able to see the crowd behind him. 
D) request to make the exam an additive task performed in groups. 
E) remain in the crowded classroom to take the exam.

Question 2

Which of the following leaders is most likely to be evaluated negatively?

Accepted Answer

A) Rebecca,who is assertive and task-oriented,and supervises men 
B) Angela,who is relationship-oriented and supervises women 
C) Tom,who is assertive and task-oriented,and supervises women 
D) Bill,who is relationship-oriented and supervises women 
E) Chowhong,who is relationship-oriented and supervises men

Question 3

Most social psychologists agree that which of the following are two causes of deindividuation?

Accepted Answer

A) people become frustrated and people pay less attention to their environment 
B) people feel less accountable and people pay less attention to their moral standards 
C) people pay less attention to their environment and people feel anonymous in a group 
D) people become frustrated and people feel less accountable for acting on their frustration 
E) people feel less accountable and people use others to shoulder the blame

Question 4

With regard to leadership,most social psychologists would agree that

Accepted Answer

A) in large part,some people are born to be leaders. 
B) personal characteristics are irrelevant to good leadership. 
C) good leadership is a function of the situation and personal characteristics. 
D) the specific situation determines the success of leaders. 
E) people concerned with the emotional well-being of their followers are better leaders.

Question 5

Which of the following collections of people best represents the social-psychological concept of a SOCIAL group?

Accepted Answer

A) deliberating members of a 12-person jury 
B) personnel employed at a large corporation 
C) students in a large lecture course 
D) undergraduates enrolled at a large public university 
E) fans at a hockey game.

Question 6

Why is an individual's performance on a task undertaken with others better on complex tasks than on simple tasks?

Accepted Answer

A) There is less evaluation apprehension associated with simple tasks. 
B) It actually depends on how the task will be evaluated. 
C) When people become members of a group,they experience positive affect. 
D) When people realize that their performance cannot be monitored or evaluated,they relax. 
E) When people become members of a group,they are motivated to impress others.

Question 7

Why did allowing (and even requiring)participants to communicate when they played the Trucking Game (Deutsch & Krauss,1962)fail to engender trust and cooperation?

Accepted Answer

A) Participants were more interested in general conversation than the game itself. 
B) Participants became so caught up in the competitive game that they forgot to communicate with their opponents. 
C) Participants could never figure out how to use the intercom. 
D) Participants used communication primarily as means of threatening their opponents. 
E) Participants were not allowed to bargain or negotiate in their communications.

Question 8

A(n)_______ leader is primarily concerned with workers' feelings and relationships with one another.

Accepted Answer

A) relationship-oriented 
B) contingency 
C) emotion-oriented 
D) goal-oriented 
E) collectivistic

Question 9

According to Irving Janis (1972,1982),groupthink occurs when groups value _______ over _______.

Accepted Answer

A) strong leadership; weak leadership. 
B) cohesiveness and solidarity; a realistic consideration of the facts. 
C) invulnerability; accuracy. 
D) efficiency; a common goal. 
E) as many alternatives as possible; a common goal.

Question 10

Ann is a leader who inspires her employees to look at the broad,long-term goals of her company.She is able to get her employees to find a common goal and she really thinks outside of the box.Ann's leadership style is best described as

Accepted Answer

A) transformational. 
B) task-oriented. 
C) relationship-oriented. 
D) transactional. 
E) communal.

Question 11

In India,women were traditionally permitted to occupy only the roles of mother,wife,agricultural laborer,or domestic worker.A social psychologist would likely assert that which of these is an example of a cost of social roles?

Accepted Answer

A) Roles often are imposed by the powerful. 
B) Roles often have cultural implications. 
C) Roles often bring about deindividuation. 
D) Roles often constrain behaviours unnecessarily. 
E) Roles often apply to those who are less powerful.

Question 12

Deindividuation is defined as the feeling of anonymity that often results in

Accepted Answer

A) contagion. 
B) prosocial behaviours. 
C) impulsive deviant acts. 
D) social loafing. 
E) social facilitation

Question 13

Steven Karau and Kipling Williams (1993)conducted a review of over 150 studies of social loafing.They found that in general,the tendency to engage in social loafing is greater in men than in women because

Accepted Answer

A) women tend to feel more pressure in groups. 
B) women tend to feel more self-conscious in group. 
C) men tend to feel more anonymous in groups. 
D) men tend to feel less self-conscious in groups. 
E) women tend to hold more collectivistic values.

Question 14

Deindividuation

Accepted Answer

A) often has the same effects as social facilitation. 
B) always results in negative behaviours. 
C) results in people feeling that there is little chance that they will be caught for behaving badly. 
D) increases self-awareness,but greatly reduces a person's feelings of accountability for his or her behaviour. 
E) can be reduced by inducing people to pay attention to the people around them.

Question 15

Social loafing is likely to impair performance _______ and to enhance performance _______.

Accepted Answer

A) on complex tasks; when we're with others. 
B) on simple tasks; on complex tasks. 
C) when we're alone; when we're with others. 
D) when we're with others; when we're alone. 
E) on complex tasks; on simple tasks.

Question 16

Robert Baron (1986)has found that flashing lights can cause the same social facilitation effects as the presence of other people.These findings support the idea that _______ is the source of arousal that enhances performance on simple tasks.

Accepted Answer

A) increased vigilance 
B) reactance 
C) distraction 
D) stress 
E) evaluation apprehension

Question 17

"We will not talk about other members behind their backs and we will never divulge one another's secrets to anyone,inside or outside this group." The preceding statement reflects

Accepted Answer

A) well defined roles. 
B) a consensual proscription. 
C) a group norm. 
D) a subordinate goal. 
E) a superordinate goal.

Question 18

Luke and Laura have been dating off and on for years and have finally decided to break it off for good.Which of the following best illustrates an integrative solution to their dilemma of dividing up their possessions?

Accepted Answer

A) They decide to randomly divide their possessions in half and then flip a coin to see who gets which half. 
B) They decide to split the possessions strictly by monetary value. 
C) Laura,the music lover of the two,gets the stereo,while Luke,the gourmet chef,gets all of the fancy pots and pans. 
D) They agree to let Pedro,a mutual friend,mediate the dispute and decide on the fairness of the negotiations. 
E) They agree to flip a coin and let the winner choose to take the ten items he or she most wants.

Question 19

The evaluation apprehension explanation for the source of arousal that produces social facilitation posits that _______ leads to increased arousal,and thus enhanced performance on simple tasks.

Accepted Answer

A) the mere presence of others 
B) the presence of others who might judge us 
C) vigilance and divided attention 
D) anything that causes anxiety 
E) a social distraction such as a loud party

Question 20

Roy Baumeister and Mark Leary (1995)argue that the need to belong to groups is present in all societies because

Accepted Answer

A) the Industrial Revolution brought about increased specialization in the workforce. 
B) hunting and farming have been replaced by business and technology. 
C) interaction with many people is unavoidable. 
D) cultural norms everywhere dictate that people cooperate. 
E) group membership has conferred evolutionary advantages to humans.

Exam 8: Group Processes

Jamal studied long and hard for his psychology exam,has mastered the material,and can answer any question that anyone poses.When he enters the classroom on the day of the examination,the room is more crowded than it's been all term.In this situation,Jamal should

Which of the following leaders is most likely to be evaluated negatively?

Most social psychologists agree that which of the following are two causes of deindividuation?

With regard to leadership,most social psychologists would agree that

Which of the following collections of people best represents the social-psychological concept of a SOCIAL group?

Why is an individual's performance on a task undertaken with others better on complex tasks than on simple tasks?

Why did allowing (and even requiring) participants to communicate when they played the Trucking Game (Deutsch & Krauss,1962) fail to engender trust and cooperation?

A(n) _______ leader is primarily concerned with workers' feelings and relationships with one another.

According to Irving Janis (1972,1982) ,groupthink occurs when groups value _ over _.

Ann is a leader who inspires her employees to look at the broad,long-term goals of her company.She is able to get her employees to find a common goal and she really thinks outside of the box.Ann's leadership style is best described as

In India,women were traditionally permitted to occupy only the roles of mother,wife,agricultural laborer,or domestic worker.A social psychologist would likely assert that which of these is an example of a cost of social roles?

Deindividuation is defined as the feeling of anonymity that often results in

Steven Karau and Kipling Williams (1993) conducted a review of over 150 studies of social loafing.They found that in general,the tendency to engage in social loafing is greater in men than in women because

Deindividuation

Social loafing is likely to impair performance _ and to enhance performance _.

Robert Baron (1986) has found that flashing lights can cause the same social facilitation effects as the presence of other people.These findings support the idea that _______ is the source of arousal that enhances performance on simple tasks.

"We will not talk about other members behind their backs and we will never divulge one another's secrets to anyone,inside or outside this group." The preceding statement reflects

Luke and Laura have been dating off and on for years and have finally decided to break it off for good.Which of the following best illustrates an integrative solution to their dilemma of dividing up their possessions?

The evaluation apprehension explanation for the source of arousal that produces social facilitation posits that _______ leads to increased arousal,and thus enhanced performance on simple tasks.

Roy Baumeister and Mark Leary (1995) argue that the need to belong to groups is present in all societies because

Exam 8: Group Processes

Jamal studied long and hard for his psychology exam,has mastered the material,and can answer any question that anyone poses.When he enters the classroom on the day of the examination,the room is more crowded than it's been all term.In this situation,Jamal should

Which of the following leaders is most likely to be evaluated negatively?

Most social psychologists agree that which of the following are two causes of deindividuation?

With regard to leadership,most social psychologists would agree that

Which of the following collections of people best represents the social-psychological concept of a SOCIAL group?

Why is an individual's performance on a task undertaken with others better on complex tasks than on simple tasks?

Why did allowing (and even requiring) participants to communicate when they played the Trucking Game (Deutsch & Krauss,1962) fail to engender trust and cooperation?

A(n) _______ leader is primarily concerned with workers' feelings and relationships with one another.

According to Irving Janis (1972,1982) ,groupthink occurs when groups value _______ over _______.

Ann is a leader who inspires her employees to look at the broad,long-term goals of her company.She is able to get her employees to find a common goal and she really thinks outside of the box.Ann's leadership style is best described as

In India,women were traditionally permitted to occupy only the roles of mother,wife,agricultural laborer,or domestic worker.A social psychologist would likely assert that which of these is an example of a cost of social roles?

Deindividuation is defined as the feeling of anonymity that often results in

Steven Karau and Kipling Williams (1993) conducted a review of over 150 studies of social loafing.They found that in general,the tendency to engage in social loafing is greater in men than in women because

Deindividuation

Social loafing is likely to impair performance _______ and to enhance performance _______.

Robert Baron (1986) has found that flashing lights can cause the same social facilitation effects as the presence of other people.These findings support the idea that _______ is the source of arousal that enhances performance on simple tasks.

"We will not talk about other members behind their backs and we will never divulge one another's secrets to anyone,inside or outside this group." The preceding statement reflects

Luke and Laura have been dating off and on for years and have finally decided to break it off for good.Which of the following best illustrates an integrative solution to their dilemma of dividing up their possessions?

The evaluation apprehension explanation for the source of arousal that produces social facilitation posits that _______ leads to increased arousal,and thus enhanced performance on simple tasks.

Roy Baumeister and Mark Leary (1995) argue that the need to belong to groups is present in all societies because

According to Irving Janis (1972,1982) ,groupthink occurs when groups value _ over _.

Social loafing is likely to impair performance _ and to enhance performance _.